The realization of the goals of sustainable development (SDGs) presupposes administrative policy capacity. The NPM implementation is related to that capacity. Empirical research on this relationship ...has been conducted rarely in developing countries. To fill this gap, this research aims to study the impact of the policy capacity on the implementation of one of the NMP themes as well as a method to achieve SDGs, namely, performance-based budgeting (PBB) and the impact of PBB on increasing the policy capacity. Iran has been selected for a case study and the data from interviews as well as documents, news, and related scientific papers have been analyzed by a qualitative method. The results showed that 1) one of the requirements for realizing the SDGs is administrative policy capacity. 2) the lack of that capacity caused many problems for the implementation of the PBB by preventing the formulation of the budgeting system change plan and the appropriate annual plan. And, 3) the implementation of PBB did not increase the policy capacity.
The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is a technique that, in addition to eliminate the imperfections of other theories, allows us to achieve a large class of models, such as equivalent single layer, ...layer wise, and mixed formulation in a unified manner. For this reason, this formulation can be very effective in different analyses, and according to the desired analysis, an appropriate model could be chosen. In this research, for the first time, the Carrera Unified Formulation is extended in the polar coordinates for analyzing the sandwich circular plate with the functionally graded material core. In order to apply variations in the properties of the functionally graded material, the variable kinematic method is used in the frame work of CUF, which ultimately leads to a reduction in degrees of freedom and an increase in the accuracy of the results. The functionally graded material is modeled as a mixture of ceramics and metal, whose properties change according to a power distribution in the direction of thickness. In this research, the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to solve the governing equations. The obtained results are compared with the existing three-dimensional results as well as the generalized Zig-Zag theory, which indicates the high accuracy of the CUF formulation for circular plates in the polar coordinates. In addition, new results are provided for different geometries, thickness ratios, boundary conditions as well as deflection, radial displacements, annular and radial stresses, and transverse stresses along the thickness.
Neutrinos are abundantly produced in the LHC. Flavour composition and energy reach of the neutrino flux from proton-proton collisions depend on the pseudorapidity . At large , energies can exceed the ...TeV, with a sizeable contribution of the τ flavour. A dedicated detector could intercept this intense neutrino flux in the forward direction, and measure the interaction cross section on nucleons in the unexplored energy range from a few hundred GeV to a few TeV. The high energies of neutrinos result in a larger N interaction cross section, and the detector size can be relatively small. Machine backgrounds vary rapidly while moving along and away from the beam line. Four locations were considered as hosts for a neutrino detector: the CMS quadrupole region (25 m from CMS Interaction Point (IP)), UJ53 and UJ57 (90 and 120 m from CMS IP), RR53 and RR57 (240 m from CMS IP), TI18 (480 m from ATLAS IP). The potential sites are studied on the basis of (a) expectations for neutrino interaction rates, flavour composition and energy spectrum, (b) predicted backgrounds and in situ measurements, performed with a nuclear emulsion detector and radiation monitors. TI18 emerges as the most favourable location. Already with 150 fb−1 expected in LHC Run3, a small detector in TI18 could measure, for the first time and with good precision, the high-energy N cross section for all neutrino flavours.
We discuss an experiment to investigate neutrino physics at the LHC, with emphasis on tau flavour. As described in our previous paper Beni et al (2019 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 46 115008), the ...detector can be installed in the decommissioned TI18 tunnel, ≈480 m downstream the ATLAS cavern, after the first bending dipoles of the LHC arc. The detector intercepts the intense neutrino flux, generated by the LHC beams colliding in IP1, at large pseudorapidity η, where neutrino energies can exceed a TeV. This paper focuses on exploring the neutrino pseudorapity versus energy phase space available in TI18 in order to optimize the detector location and acceptance for neutrinos originating at the pp interaction point, in contrast to neutrinos from pion and kaon decays. The studies are based on the comparison of simulated pp collisions at s= 13 TeV: PYTHIA events of heavy quark (c and b) production, compared to DPMJET minimum bias events (including charm) with produced particles traced through realistic LHC optics with FLUKA. Our studies favour a configuration where the detector is positioned off the beam axis, slightly above the ideal prolongation of the LHC beam from the straight section, covering 7.4 < η < 9.2. In this configuration, the flux at high energies (0.5-1.5 TeV and beyond) is found to be dominated by neutrinos originating directly from IP1, mostly from charm decays, of which ≈50% are electron neutrinos and ≈5% are tau neutrinos. The contribution of pion and kaon decays to the muon neutrino flux is found small at those high energies. With 150 fb−1 of delivered LHC luminosity in Run 3 the experiment can record a few thousand very high energy neutrino charged current (CC) interactions and over 50 tau neutrino CC events. These events provide useful information in view of a high statistics experiment at HL-LHC. The electron and muon neutrino samples can extend the knowledge of the charm PDF to a new region of x, which is dominated by theory uncertainties. The tau neutrino sample can provide first experience on reconstruction of tau neutrino events in a very boosted regime.
Distinguishing between Zika and dengue virus infections is critical for accurate treatment, but we still lack detailed understanding of their impact on their host. To identify new protein signatures ...of the two infections, we used next-generation proteomics to profile 122 serum samples from 62 Zika and dengue patients. We quantified >500 proteins and identified 13 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05). These proteins typically function in infection and wound healing, with several also linked to pregnancy and brain function. We successfully validated expression differences with Carbonic Anhydrase 2 in both the original and an independent sample set. Three of the differentially expressed proteins, i.e., Fibrinogen Alpha, Platelet Factor 4 Variant 1, and Pro-Platelet Basic Protein, predicted Zika virus infection at a ∼70% true-positive and 6% false-positive rate. Further, we showed that intraindividual temporal changes in protein signatures can disambiguate diagnoses and serve as indicators for past infections. Taken together, we demonstrate that serum proteomics can provide new resources that serve to distinguish between different viral infections.
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•Analysis of human serum samples with extreme protein abundance ranges•Unique protein signatures for Zika and dengue virus infection•Temporal changes in protein signatures as indicators for past infections•Machine learning to account for confounding factors
Differentiation between the mosquito-borne Zika and dengue Flavivirus infections is clinically important for correct treatment, but remains challenging. We used mass spectrometry to quantify expression levels for 277 proteins measured in serum samples from 62 patients, providing a resource to the community. We identified 13 proteins with significant differential expression between the closely related types of infections. Most of the proteins link to pregnancy and brain function. We also identified expression signatures that mark ambiguous infections with respect to temporal differences.
This document presents an overview of the induced photocurrents in the Amorphous Silicon Position Detectors used in the network of diode lasers and photo sensors of the CMS Link alignment system ...recorded during its eleven years of operation. After a description of the sensors characteristics, the layout of the sensors network is discussed. The sensors are distributed throughout the muon spectrometer and connected by laser lines. The data used correspond to readout information obtained during some of the physics runs from 2008 to 2018.
The central feature of the CMS Link alignment system is a network of Amorphous Silicon Position Detectors distributed throughout the muon spectrometer that are connected by multiple laser lines. The ...data collected during the years from 2008 to 2015 is presented confirming an outstanding performance of the photo sensors during more than seven years of operation. Details of the photo sensor readout of the laser signals are presented. The mechanical motions of the CMS detector are monitored using these photosensors and good agreement with distance sensors is obtained.
Magnet Cycles and Stability Periods of the CMS Experiment are studied with the Alignment Link System data recorded along the 2008–2013 years of operation. The motions of the mechanical structures due ...to the magnetic field forces are studied and the mechanical stability of the detector during the physics data taking periods is verified.
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