This article examines the effects of the social media applications Facebook, Twitter, Snap Chat/Instagram, Texting and various smartphone applications on academic dishonesty in higher education. The ...study employed a mixed-methods approach conducted through an emailed question-pro student survey consisting of 20 questions. The results of the study indicated that the majority of students in higher education utilize the social media applications Facebook, Twitter, Snap Chat/Instagram and Smart Phones to assist with their academic studies. Although students report utilizing these forms of social media to assist with their studies most do not use these applications for cheating or any form of academic dishonesty. There was an increased willingness to use texting, screenshots, video and audio recordings to cheat on exams and other academic requirements. In addition, the majority of participants indicated they felt any form of cheating or academic dishonesty was wrong. However, most indicated they would do little or nothing to intervene or prevent it in their particular classroom situations.
To evaluate the efficacy of rescue therapy using rifabutin, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who have failed at least one course of ...PPI-based triple therapy.
The present study was a single-centre case series of 16 consecutive patients who had received at least one course of standard eradication therapy. Pretreatment evaluation included endoscopy with biopsies for histology and culture for H pylori infection. Treatment consisted of a one-week regimen containing a PPI twice daily, amoxicillin (A) 1 g twice daily and rifabutin (R) 300 mg once daily (PPI-AR). Post-treatment evaluation consisted of a repeat endoscopy with biopsy for histology and culture, or a validated urea breath test at least four weeks after treatment was completed. Pretreatment antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin and A was evaluated using a validated epsilometer test.
Of the 16 patients, four had previously received one course of triple therapy, 10 had received two courses and two had received more than two courses. The overall success rate of PPI-AR was 63% (10 of 16). Resistance to A was 0% (0 of 13), metronidazole 77% (10 of 13), clarithromycin 70% (seven of 10), and both metronidazole and clarithromycin 60% (six of 10). There was no correlation between resistance patterns and cure rate.
An R-containing regimen such as PPI-AR is a viable option as rescue therapy for H pylori infection.
Since 2011, FarmWorks Investment Co-operative Limited (FarmWorks) has been boosting Nova Scotia’s farm and food economy through small loans to local food businesses. The fund relies on community ...investments and relationship-based lending, markers of the provincial government’s Community Economic Development Investment Fund (CEDIF) program. FarmWorks was motivated by decreasing food production, dwindling agricultural employment and the resulting decline of rural communities across the province. These factors were compounded by systemic changes including the increased financialization of the agri-food sector. As a social economy organization, FarmWorks seeks to remedy the shortcomings of the dominant food system by prioritizing the social and ecological regeneration of local communities. It simultaneously works with existing market structures while challenging mainstream practices and developing an alternative model. Through a document review, our paper assesses the extent to which FarmWorks has been successful in its efforts “to increase the viability and sustainability of agriculture and the security of a healthy food supply.” Specifically, we examine economic outcomes (employment, revenue increase, business expansion) as well as social impact of FarmWorks loans. We situate our analysis in literature on social economy, financialization, and sustainable food systems.
In contrast to the majority of allergic or hypersensitivity conditions, worldwide anaphylaxis epidemiological data remain sparse with low accuracy, which hampers comparable morbidity statistics. Data ...can differ widely depending on a number of variables. In the current document we reviewed the forms on which anaphylaxis has been defined and classified; and how it can affect epidemiological data. With regards to the methods used to capture morbidity statistics, we observed the impact of the anaphylaxis coding utilizing the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases. As an outcome and depending on the anaphylaxis definition, we extracted the cumulative incidence, which may not reflect the real number of new cases. The new ICD-11 anaphylaxis subsection developments and critical view of morbidity statistics data are discussed in order to reach new perspectives on anaphylaxis epidemiology.
PURPOSE OF REVIEWTo review and understand the impact of the outcome measures of allergic and hypersensitivity conditions for the WHOʼs International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and its impact in ...the management of anaphylaxis and identify potential strategies to improve patients’ care and prevention.
RECENT FINDINGSThe pioneer chapter addressed to allergic and hypersensitivity conditions in the 11th version of the WHOʼs ICD is the result of the evidence-based academic technical actions consistently following of collaborations of the allergy community and integrated international initiatives in order to reach quality outcomes measures of allergies worldwide.
SUMMARYAllergic and hypersensitivity conditions are increasing worldwide, however, they have never been well represented in the international classification systems, such as the ICD. The ALLERGY in ICD-11 initiative has been launched in 2012 in order to gather a better representation of these conditions in the ICD-11. As a result of the evidence-based academic technical actions acknowledged by the Joint Allergy Academies and the WHO, the pioneer chapter Allergy and hypersensitivity conditions has been constructed. This framework can be considered a milestone in the history of the allergy specialty. More reliable, accurate and comparable epidemiological data will be able to provide a big picture of these conditions and will support improvements in many levels of the health system. As knowledge derived from populations is key information for more realistic decision-making, the construction of the new section addressed to allergic and hypersensitivity conditions in the ICD-11 will allow the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support quality management of patients, and better facilitate healthcare planning to implement public health measures to prevent and reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to these conditions.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recognized pathogen, but it may also have a protective effect for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We compared the prevalence of potential virulence ...factors (cagA, cagE, vacA genotypes) in GERD to other upper gastrointestinal diseases and controls.
A total of 405 patients underwent gastroscopy with H. pylori isolation and serum testing. Patient diagnostic subgroups were prospectively defined. Genotypes were determined by amplification using polymerase chain reaction. CagA antibodies were determined by western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and flow microsphere immunofluorescent assays.
Patients were grouped as follows: nonulcer dyspepsia (26%), GERD (20%), gastric ulcer (17%), duodenal ulcer (12%), gastric cancer (6%), or controls (19%). The cagA gene was present in 94-97% of subjects in all categories, but the cagA antibody was less prevalent in nonulcer dyspepsia (69%, 95% CI: 48-86%, p = 0.02) and GERD (69%, CI: 39-91%, p < 0.05) than in those with gastroduodenal pathology including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer (92%, CI: 81-98%). The cagE gene and vacA S1 genotype were more frequent in patients with gastroduodenal pathology (p < 0.01). GERD was associated with a significantly lower rate of vacA S1 genotype than controls (29% (CI: 10-56%) versus 80% (CI: 59-93%), p < 0.01). The vacA S1 genotype was associated with the presence of cagA antibodies.
The cagE and vacA S1 genotypes are more prevalent in patients with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, suggesting a potential function in virulence for these genes. However, the vacA S1 genotype was also more prevalent in controls than GERD, suggesting a potential protective effect against GERD.
Background Allergy and hypersensitivity can affect people of any age and manifest with problems in a range of organ systems. Moreover, they can have a significant impact on the quality of life of ...patients and their families. Although once rare, there is presently an epidemic of allergic disorders with associated considerable societal consequences.
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders has changed substantially over the last 20 years. In the light of these developments, the Joint Allergy Academies have made concerted efforts to ensure that these are reflected in the current definitions and concepts used in clinical allergy and to ensure these are reflected in the forthcoming International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11).
Objective In this review, we seek to provide an update on the current definitions and concepts in relation to allergic disorders.
Results Once the new section has been built in the ICD-11 to address allergic and hypersensitivity conditions, we have been moving actions to try to support awareness by disseminating updated concepts in the field. Aligned with the ICD and the WAO philosophy of being global, this document presents fundamental and broad allergy concepts to strengthen the understanding by different health professionals worldwide, besides to support the formation of in training students.
Conclusion This current review intends to be accepted and used universally by all health professionals involved in diseases’ classification and coding and, therefore, contribute to improve care and outcomes in this increasing sub-section of the world’s population.
The author offers highlights from a semester-long exploratory study of an innovative and intensive double-period composition course for students entering at the remedial level. She focuses on one ...developmental writer, aiming to capture her successful transition to college level writing. The case is a retrospective account based on the review of authentic classroom data—from essays to conferencing notes, survey responses, and email. These sources document the student's progress, allowing for discussion about learning processes, curriculum, and instructional strategies. This case is the first in a series of reports describing the different performance patterns, successful and unsuccessful, of developmental students' efforts to acquire college-level skills in a new curriculum designed to eliminate the stigma and shortcomings of the non-credit developmental course structures offered previously at the institution.
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