In Western Europe and the United States approximately 1 in 12 women develop breast cancer. A small proportion of breast cancer cases, in particular those arising at a young age, are attributable to a ...highly penetrant, autosomal dominant predisposition to the disease. The breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, was recently localized to chromosome 13q12-q13. Here we report the identification of a gene in which we have detected six different germline mutations in breast cancer families that are likely to be due to BRCA2. Each mutation causes serious disruption to the open reading frame of the transcriptional unit. The results indicate that this is the BRCA2 gene.
Abstract only
LBA1000
Background: The primary aims were to determine whether adjuvant DD AC→PG will be superior to DD AC→P as well as to TAC in DFS and to compare the relative DFS of TAC and DD AC→P. ...Secondary endpoints include survival and toxicity. Methods: From Nov 3, 2004 to May 3, 2007, 4894 women were randomized; 1630 to TAC (docetaxel T 75 mg/m
2
, doxorubicin A 50 mg/m
2
, cyclophosphamide C 500 mg/m
2
q3 wks x 6), 1634 to DD AC→P (A 60 mg/m
2
and C 600 mg/m
2
q2 wks x 4 followed by P 175 mg/m
2
q2 wks x 4), and 1630 to DD AC→PG (A 60 mg/m
2
and C 600 mg/m
2
q2 wks x 4 → P 175 mg/m
2
+ G 2000 mg/m
2
q2 wks x 4). Primary G-CSF support was required and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) were used at investigator discretion. 52% were postmenopausal, 65% had 1 - 3 positive nodes, and 80% had HR+ breast cancer. Log-rank tests were used for pair-wise comparisons of the primary (DFS) and secondary (OS) endpoints among the three treatment arms. Results: With 64 months median follow-up, 5-year DFS in DD AC→PG group was 80.6% compared with 82.2% in DD AC→P group (HR=1.1; p=0.27) and 80.1 % (HR=0.97; p=0.71) in TAC group. 5-year OS was 90.8% in DD AC→PG group as compared with 89.1% (HR=.89; p=0.25) in DD AC→P group and 89.6 % (HR=0.90; p=0.32) in TAC group. HR for DFS and OS of DD AC→P vs. TAC were 0.89 (p=0.14) and 1.01 (p=0.92) respectively. Toxicities for TAC, DD AC→P, DD AC→PG, respectively: febrile neutropenia (Gr 3/4: 9%, 4%, 4% p<0.001), sensory neuropathy (Gr 3/4: <1%, 7%, 6% p<0.001), diarrhea (Gr 3/4: 8 %, 2%, 2% p<0.001). Hgb was <10 in 12%, 26%, 33% with ESA use in 35.2%, 47%, 51.6% and transfusions in 3.7%, 6.3%, 9.4%. Deaths on treatment: N=13, 5, 7 (p=0.2). AML/MDS: N=5, 8, 11. All cycles completed in 91% for TAC and 88% for DD regimens. Conclusions: Addition of G to DD AC→P did not improve outcomes. No significant differences in efficacy endpoints were identified between DD AC→P and TAC, though toxicity profiles differed. Funding: NCI PHS U10-CA-37377, -69974, -12027, -69651 and NCCTG U10-CA25224, with additional funding from Eli Lilly & Company, and Amgen, Inc.
Abstract only
LBA1000
The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 12:01 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 4, 2012, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement ...to the June 20, 2012, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.
To examine the effect of the California Office of Family Planning’s Family Access, Care, and Treatment Program (Family PACT), which was established in 1997 to provide comprehensive, reproductive ...health services for low-income adolescents and adults. Program evaluation was used to measure access to services, develop a profile of users, identify service utilization patterns, and assess the sensitivity of the health care system to the needs of adolescents.
Data sources include baseline data on California’s previously established family planning services, enrollment, and claims data for the first 4 years of Family PACT, client exit interviews, and on-site observations.
Adolescents represented 21% of all clients served by Family PACT in fiscal year 2000–2001 (FY 2000–2001). Adolescent clients served increased from 100,000 in FY 1995–1996 to more than 260,000 in FY 2000–2001(161% increase). The proportion of males has increased from 1% to 11%. In FY 2000–2001, Hispanics comprised 50% of adolescent clients, followed by 32% white, 9% African-American, and 6% Asian, Filipino, or Pacific Islander. Over one-half were aged 18 or 19 years, 42% were aged 15 to 17 years, and 5% were aged younger than 15 years. Contraceptive methods most often dispensed were barrier methods (55% for females, 72% for males), oral contraceptives (44%), contraceptive injections (16%), and emergency contraceptives (7%); 57% received sexually transmitted infection screening.
By linking eligibility determination to the delivery of services, removing cost barriers, increasing the numbers and types of providers offering publicly funded services, and ensuring confidentiality, greater numbers of adolescents obtained needed reproductive health care, thus ensuring an opportunity to reduce unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
Aerobic batch reactors are often used to estimate the maximum specific growth rates of bacteria in wastewater treatment environments. Results from these reactors vary, and they are sometimes ...confusing because they do not represent the bacterial populations in the original wastewater environment, i.e.
in situ. For the first time in batch reactors, we present the
in situ growth dynamics of these bacterial populations. We simultaneously measured bacterial numbers and growth rate, oxygen uptake rates (OUR), soluble COD and biomass COD (mg.l
−1). With a substrate to biomass (S
o/X
o) ratio of 1.2, bacterial specific growth rates, measured using the thymidine growth assay, increased from 1 to 4.5
d
−1. During the same period, the initial OUR remained relatively constant, with an OUR-based estimate of the maximum specific growth rate of 3.6
d
−1. These observations challenge the fundamental theory of the batch assay that bacteria are growing at their maximum rate under substrate saturating conditions while the yield coefficient remains constant. Our results confirm that the batch reactor environment induces changes in the bacterial physiology and/or community structure compared to the original treatment environment, even at low S
o/X
o ratios. We discuss how, simultaneously using both OUR and thymidine assays, gives more information about how the cell allocates its energy resources between new cell synthesis and cell maintenance.
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