Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising for low emissive photovoltaic technology. Excitonic absorption and charge generation to transport process OSC energy loss lessening are central. In this ...context, donor–acceptor barrier offset, related binding, and thermal effect on energy loss are the key challenge. Semitransparent organic solar cell visible band transmission and near infrared band absorption are anticipated. Near infrared band absorption in a Si material solar cell is higher that supports more energy conversion. Moreover, greater carrier selectivity and open circuit voltage (Voc) is incredible to increase the energy efficiency. OSC utmost absorption but carrier generation and charge transfer state donor–acceptor barrier offset increases carrier recombination loss. Upon analysis of small molecule donors and polymers along with non-fullerene and previously studied fullerene acceptors, it is realized that active material morphology, thickness, and interface design are impending to overcome the energy loss. For efficiency–transparency trade-off as well as stability problem lessening purpose thin active materials and interface, their absorption band tenability and carrier selectivity are main requisites. In this scope, very thin non-fullerene acceptors in ternary blend heterostructures and innovative-transparent hole transport layers can play a vital role. Therefore, recombination loss lessening and transparency purpose near infrared band absorbent thin active layer ternary blend and transparent electrodes of a thin hetero-interface predominant field effect over the thermal effect are reported in the efficiency and stability scope.
The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global threat. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used as a last resort to treat XDR-TB. ...Resistance to the aminoglycoside kanamycin is a hallmark of XDR-TB. Here, we reveal the function and structure of the mycobacterial protein Eis responsible for resistance to kanamycin in a significant fraction of kanamycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. We demonstrate that Eis has an unprecedented ability to acetylate multiple amines of many aminoglycosides. Structural and mutagenesis studies of Eis indicate that its acetylation mechanism is enabled by a complex tripartite fold that includes two general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase regions. An intricate negatively charged substrate-binding pocket of Eis is a potential target of new antitubercular drugs expected to overcome aminoglycoside resistance.
Functional assignment of enzymes encoded by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is largely incomplete despite recent advances in genomics and bioinformatics. Here, we applied an activity-based ...metabolomic profiling method to assign function to a unique phosphatase, Rv1692. In contrast to its annotation as a nucleotide phosphatase, metabolomic profiling and kinetic characterization indicate that Rv1692 is a D,L- glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatase. Crystal structures of Rv1692 reveal a unique architecture, a fusion of a predicted haloacid dehalogenase fold with a previously unidentified GCN5-related N -acetyltransferase region. Although not directly involved in acetyl transfer, or regulation of enzymatic activity in vitro, this GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase region is critical for the solubility of the phosphatase. Structural and biochemical analysis shows that the active site features are adapted for recognition of small polyol phosphates, and not nucleotide substrates. Functional assignment and metabolomic studies of M. tuberculosis lacking rv1692 demonstrate that Rv1692 is the final enzyme involved in glycerophospholipid recycling/catabolism, a pathway not previously described in M. tuberculosis .
The apparent molar volumes, ϕv of glycine in water are positive and increase with increasing temperature. The positive values of ϕv indicate that the solute–solvent interaction decreases as ...temperature increases (T=◊, 293.15; ○, 298.15; Δ, 303.15; ♦ 308.15; □ 313.15K).
•We investigate the interaction of SDS in water and aqueous glycine solution.•The data were analyzed by Masson, Laplace and Jones–Dole equations respectively.•The nature of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions has been probed.•SDS acts as structure maker in aqueous glycine solution.
Physicochemical properties like density, ultrasound velocity and viscosity of aqueous solutions of glycine and SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) in 0.1m aqueous glycine solution as a function of concentration at different temperatures ranging from 293.15K to 313.15K have been determined. These data have been used to calculate apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibility and viscosity B-coefficient values of the studied solutions. The viscosity coefficients A and B have been determined from the Jones–Dole equation. The limiting apparent molar volumes (ϕv0) and experimental slopes (Sv) derived from the Masson equations have been interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions. From the volumetric and viscometric data, the structural effect of SDS in glycine solution has been discussed. The change in free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation were calculated using the Nightingale and Benck, and Eyring equations. Glycine in aqueous solution exhibits structure-breaking behaviour. The results were explained in terms of structure making and structure breaking properties.
The present paper puts forth the complete characterization of effluents produced at various leather processing stages of three selected tannery industries, and of composite effluents at three ...selected monitoring points (P
1
, P
2
and P
3
) located at Hazaribagh leather industrial zone in Bangladesh. The analysis results show that the effluents possess extremely high values of TSS, EC, TDS, TS, BOD
5
and COD, and high concentrations of SO
4
2−
, Na, Cl
−
, Cr, As, Cd and Pb. The values were far above the standard permissible limits set by ISW–BDS-ECR
(1997)
, ISI
(2000)
and NEQS
(2000)
. The mean concentration of TSS, TDS, SO
4
2−
, Cl
−
, BOD
5
, COD, Na, Cr, As, Cd and Pb in the collected composite tannery effluents, at all monitoring points, were also above the standard disposal limits. The pollutant levels observed at the three monitoring points were in the order P
1
> P
2
> P
3
indicating pollution level decreasing with distance. The study also revealed that the concentrations of various metal ions in the sludge were very high, and the concentrations of Cr and Na ions in particular were about 10,000 and 6000 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of chemicals in the sludge were in the order: Cr > Na > Ca > S > Mg > P > Cu > TN > Zn > Organic compound > Pb > As > Cd. So, it is concluded that the leather industrial effluent was highly polluted and not suitable for irrigation or any other uses.
Novel antibiotics are needed to overcome the challenge of continually evolving bacterial resistance. This has led to a renewed interest in mechanistic studies of once popular antibiotics like ...chloramphenicol (CAM). Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs) are enzymes that covalently modify CAM, rendering it inactive against its target, the ribosome, and thereby causing resistance to CAM. Of the three major types of CAT (CATI‐III), the CAM‐specific CATIII has been studied extensively. Much less is known about another clinically important type, CATI. In addition to inactivating CAM and unlike CATIII, CATI confers resistance to a structurally distinct antibiotic, fusidic acid. The origin of the broader substrate specificity of CATI has not been fully elucidated. To understand the substrate binding features of CATI, its crystal structures in the unbound (apo) and CAM‐bound forms were determined. The analysis of these and previously determined CATI‐FA and CATIII‐CAM structures revealed interactions responsible for CATI binding to its substrates and clarified the broader substrate preference of CATI compared to that of CATIII.
Interactive Figure 3, Interactive Figure 4 | PDB Code(s): 3U9B, 3U9F
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are important regulators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation and are thought to have diverse protective roles in a variety of pathological states. E06 is a T15 idiotype ...IgM NAb exclusively produced by B-1 cells, which recognizes the phosphocholine (PC) head group in oxidized phospholipids on the surface of apoptotic cells and in oxidized LDL (OxLDL), and the PC present on the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here we report that titers of the E06 NAb are selectively increased several-fold in Cd1d-deficient mice, whereas total IgM and IgM antibodies recognizing other oxidation specific epitopes such as in malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) and OxLDL were not increased. The high titers of E06 in Cd1d-deficient mice are not due to a global increase in IgM-secreting B-1 cells, but they are specifically due to an expansion of E06-secreting splenic B-1 cells. Thus, CD1d-mediated regulation appeared to be suppressive in nature and specific for E06 IgM-secreting cells. The CD1d-mediated regulation of the E06 NAb generation is a novel mechanism that regulates the production of this specific oxidation epitope recognizing NAb.
The leather industrial wastewaters are a major source of water pollution among all industrial sector considering both quantity and composition. This research study was focused on the current chemical ...and physical parameters of tannery wastewater and treatment processes through sawdust filter media and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) coagulant. The study found that tannery wastewater contained exceptionally high values of TDS, TSS, TS, BOD, COD, SO42-, Cl-, Na, Ca, chromium, lead, cadmium and arsenic and theses parameters of the composite were exceeded the standard discharge limits which are considered as toxicants for the environment. The wastewaters were filtered by saw-dust filtration processes and then treated with different dosage of Fe2O3. The experiment elucidated that the filtration technique could minimize certain amount of toxicant load from the wastewater but not efficient enough to practise the technique alone using as wastewater treatment. The chemical interaction with 100 mg/L coagulant (Fe2O3) dosage at pH~9 showed the best result of the major parameters. The study suggested that both combined physical (filtration) and chemical (Fe2O3, coagulants) treatment processes could be fruitful to reduce the toxicants load from tannery wastewater.
Lanthanide-ion imprinted polymers（L-IIPs） were synthesized by stoichiometric amounts of rare earth ions and the cavities in the polymers were created for the corresponding lanthanide ions. The ...maximum sorption capacities were estimated to be 125.3, 126.5, 127.6, 128.2 and 129.1 mg/g for Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, respectively at p H 6. In the selectivity study, the L-IIPs exhibited good selectivity to the specific rare earth ions in the presence of coexisting cations. The imprinting results were found to be excellent with some rare earth ions over other competitor rare earth ions with the same charges and close ionic radius.
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