► Important to identify proconvulsant activity of drugs prior to human clinical trials. ► The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure threshold test is commonly used in this respect. ► Comparison of drug ...effects in the PTZ and electroconvulsive seizure threshold models. ► Striking differences with known proconvulsant drugs in the two models. ► A battery of models should be used for correctly determining proconvulsant activity.
During drug development, seizure threshold tests are widely used to identify potential proconvulsant activity of investigational drugs. The most commonly used tests in this respect are the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) infusion seizure test and the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test in mice or rats. To our knowledge, no study is available in which proconvulsant drug activities in these models are directly compared, which prompted us to perform such experiments in male Wistar rats. Five drugs with reported proconvulsant activity were tested in the two models: d-amphetamine, chlorpromazine, caffeine, theophylline, and tramadol. Furthermore, the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital was included in the experiments. While phenobarbital exerted anticonvulsant activity in both models, the five proconvulsant drugs markedly differed in their effects. In the dose range tested, d-amphetamine significantly lowered the PTZ seizure threshold but increased the MEST, caffeine and theophylline did not alter the PTZ seizure threshold but decreased the MEST, and tramadol reduced the PTZ threshold but increased the MEST. These marked differences between seizure threshold tests are most likely a consequence of the mechanisms underlying seizure induction in these tests. Our data indicate that using only one seizure threshold model during preclinical drug development may pose the risk that potential proconvulsant activity of an investigational drug is overseen. However, the label “proconvulsant” may be misleading if such activity only occurs at doses high above the therapeutic range, but the drug is not proconvulsant or even exerts anticonvulsant effects at lower, therapeutically relevant doses.
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (e.g. the human ortholog ORL1) has been shown to be pharmacologically distinct from classic opioid receptors. Recently, we have identified buprenorphine as ...a full ORL1 agonist using a reporter gene assay. For further functional analysis, buprenorphine’s effects on ORL1 receptors were investigated using a K
+ channel (GIRK1) assay in
Xenopus oocytes and GTPγS assay in CHO-K1 membrane preparations. In both assays, buprenorphine behaved as a partial agonist compared to nociceptin itself. The N/OFQ agonism of buprenorphine might contribute to actions of buprenorphine in pain models in vivo beside its μ- or κ-opioid receptor mediated effects.
häfte, bok Carl Bloms Boktryckeri AB [nr 6], K L Beckmans Boktryckeri [nr 1], J Johnsson [nr 6], P A Norstedt & söner [nr 2], Hugo Gebers Förlag [nr 3], Lindström Sven [nr 3], Holm Asger [nr 6], Thulin Josef Gottfrid [nr 2], Prawitz Johan [nr 1], Anderson P [nr 6]; Carl Bloms Bokskrift AB [no 6], K L Beckman’s Bokskrift [no 1], J Johnsson [no 6], P A Norstedt & sons [no 2], Hugo Gebers Förlag [no 3], Lindström Sven [no 3], Holm Asger [no 6], Thulin Josef Gottfrid [no 2], Prawitz Johan [no 1], Anderson P [no 6]
2004
Image
Odprti dostop
Läro- och övningsböcker, häften och tidskrift. Nr 1 - 6. De åskådliggör undervisningen på Annetorp.
MS 12998.1-12998.1082
MS 12998.1038. Bok. Läro- och övningsböcker. Häfte. Totalt 6 st. 1) "Den ...dövstumme och hans undervisning i språket". 2) Lärobok i gymnastik (Thulin)". 3) "Räkna rätt". 4) "Tysta övningar vid hembygdsundervisning häfte 1". 5) "Tysta övningar vid hembygdsundervisning del 3". 6) "Nordisk tidskrift för dövstumskolan". De åskådliggör undervisningen på Annetorp. Tillverkade 1918 - 1944. Tillhört Gunne Sandström, lärare på Annetorp. Förvärvade 2004 från Annetorpshemmet. Nr 4) och 5) utgår 2008-09-30.
Brukare, ägare: Gunne Sandström, lärare Annetorp
Förvärvat från: Annetorpshemmet
Typ av förvärv: gåva
gåva
textbooks, booklets and magazines. No. 1 - 6. They illustrate teaching at Annetorp.
MS 12998.1-12998.1082
MS 12998.1038. Book. textbooks and practice. Booklet. A total of 6 pcs. 1) “The deaf mute and his teaching of the language.” 2) Textbook in gymnastics (Thulin). " 3) “Count right.” 4) “Silent exercises in homestead education booklet 1.” 5) “Silent exercises in homestead education Part 3.” 6) “Nordic magazine for the deaf mute school.” They illustrate teaching at Annetorp. Made in 1918 - 1944. Belonged to Gunne Sandström, teacher at Annetorp. Acquired 2004 from the Annetorp Home. No 4) and 5) deleted 2008-09-30.
User, Owner: Gunne Sandström, Teacher Annetorp
Acquired from: The Annetorp Home
Type of acquisition: gift
gift
Läro- och övningsböcker, häften och tidskrift. Nr 1 - 6. De åskådliggör undervisningen på Annetorp.
MS 12998.1-12998.1082
MS 12998.1038. Bok. Läro- och övningsböcker. Häfte. Totalt 6 st. 1) "Den dövstumme och hans undervisning i språket". 2) Lärobok i gymnastik (Thulin)". 3) "Räkna rätt". 4) "Tysta övningar vid hembygdsundervisning häfte 1". 5) "Tysta övningar vid hembygdsundervisning del 3". 6) "Nordisk tidskrift för dövstumskolan". De åskådliggör undervisningen på Annetorp. Tillverkade 1918 - 1944. Tillhört Gunne Sandström, lärare på Annetorp. Förvärvade 2004 från Annetorpshemmet. Nr 4) och 5) utgår 2008-09-30.
Brukare, ägare: Gunne Sandström, lärare Annetorp
Förvärvat från: Annetorpshemmet
Typ av förvärv: gåva
gåva
Mildly cobalamin-deficient elderly were supplemented with 1000 micrograms cobalamin (group C, n=34), 1000 micrograms cobalamin with 400 micrograms folic acid (group CF, n=31) or a placebo (n=30) for ...6 months. Participants provided one single blood sample 3, 5 or 7 months after cessation of supplementation to monitor early changes in plasma concentrations of cobalamin, holotranscobalamin (holoTC) and methylmalonic acid (MMA). At the end of supplementation (groups C+CF), one participant met our criteria for mild cobalamin deficiency, as did 13, 14 and 43% of the participants assessed at respectively 3, 5 and 7 months post-supplementation. Cobalamin and holoTC declined on average with 47 and 56% relative to concentrations at the end of supplementation for the group assessed at 7 months post-supplementation. Essentially similar declines were observed for those participants assessed at 3 and 5 months post-supplementation. Mean MMA concentrations increased by 15% (P=0.07) in those participants assessed at 3 and 5 months post-supplementation, and increased by 50% (P=0.002) in those participants assessed at 7 months post-supplementation. Considering MMA as a sensitive tissue marker for cobalamin status, oral supplementation may afford adequate cobalamin status for a period of up to 5 months after cessation in the majority of participants.
A baseline study of the growth of preindustrial cities worldwide. This work employs a subset of preindustrial cities on many continents to answer questions archaeologists grapple with concerning the ...populating and growth of cities before industrialization. It further explores how scholars differently conceive and execute their research on the population of cities. The subject cities are in Greece, Mesoamerica, the Andes, Italy, Egypt, Africa, United States, Denmark, and China. This broad sample provides a useful framework for answers to such questions as “Why did people agglomerate into cities?” and “What population size and what age of endurance constitute a city?” The study covers more than population magnitude and population makeup, the two major frameworks of urban demography. The contributors combine their archaeological and historical expertise to reveal commonalities, as well as theoretical extrapolations and methodological approaches, at work here and outside the sample. Urbanism in the Preindustrial World is a unique study revealing the variety of factors involved in the coalescing and dispersal of populations in preindustrial times.  
The convulsive agent pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) antagonized γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced membrane currents on RNA-injected
Xenopus oocytes with both extra- and intracellular applications. With ...extracellular administration PTZ enters the cell within a few minutes and reaches concentrations in the millimolar range. The permeability of the plasma membrane makes it possible for systemically applied PTZ to elicit its effect on the GABA-induced currents via extra- as well as intracellular sites of action.
The effects of tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, on functional expression of glutamate receptor subtypes were investigated in RNA-injected oocytes. In the presence of ...tunicamycin the expression of ligand-operated receptors sensitive to kainate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and quisqualate were completely blocked. The inhibitory effect was reversible after removal of tunicamycin from the culture medium.
The actions of bicuculline methiodide (BIC) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and kainate (KA)-activated ion channels were studied using Xenopus oocytes, previously microinjected with RNA from rat ...brains. BIC reduced NMDA- and, with a lower efficiency, KA-induced membrane currents in a dose-dependent manner. The BIC effect on both agonist responses showed a voltage dependency with a lower grade of reduction at more positive holding potentials. By increasing the concentrations of the agonists, the reduction of the agonist-induced membrane currents by BIC was increased.
The effects of the epileptogenic agent pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on current responses to glutamate (Glu) and to the Glu receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA), ...alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and quisqualate (QA) were studied on RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. PTZ antagonized the reactions to Glu as well as to NMDA, KA, AMPA and QA. With increasing concentration of AMPA, however, the depressive effect of PTZ turned to an augmentation. The complete change from a decreasing to an increasing effect of PTZ with elevated agonist concentration was unique for current responses by AMPA.
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