Although natural basis cannot be a decisive criterion in defining borders, historical and politico-geographic development of the researched area reveals that natural bounds have been considerably ...used in the boundary demarcation between the Republic of Croatia and Republic of Slovenia. This can be also concluded for the analyzed sectors which are tied with the Žumberak Mountain and the Kupa and Čabranka River valleys. Besides natural favours (the boundary line runs over the top ridges of the mountain massif of Žumberak/Gorjanci, as well as along the river flows), one must point out the fact that it is adapted to spatial organization of the borderland. Therefore, the boundary line is subsequent and co-operative here. Evolutionally, the border and borderland developed from terra nullius, frontier, and, finally, since the 16th century, have become a boundary line on the rivers Kupa and Čabranka, and since 1816, on Žumberak. Consequently, in spite of disputes in particular historical periods about the researched area's state and property appurtenance, the border has a centuries-old continuity. This can explain that nowadays the quoted sectors are least disputable in the boundary demarcation of the two sovereignties.
Cilj ovog rada jest utvrditi temeljne uvjete i procese oblikovanja i razvoja reljefa te njegove opće geomorfološke značajke na prostoru Slunjske zaravni kao primjera prostrane krške zaravni ...Dinarskoga krša. Kako je geomorfološko kartiranje jedna od najvažnijih metoda geomorfološkog istraživanja, cilj je bio obaviti detaljno geomorfološko kartiranje te izraditi digitalnu geomorfološku bazu podataka. Na temelju dobivenih podataka provedene su geomorfološka analiza i sinteza te je izrađena detaljna digitalna geomorfološka karta tog područja u izvornome mjerilu 1 : 50.000. Razlučeni su dominantni morfogenetski procesi oblikovanja reljefa (strukturnogeomorfološki i egzogeomorfološki) te su utvrđene osnovne etape geomorfološke evolucije reljefa.
Dolina rijeke Sutle oblikovana je na području SZ Hrvatske u sklopu Panonskog bazena. Geomorfološkom analizom i sintezom te metodom geomorfološkog kartiranja istražena je dolina gornjeg toka rijeke ...Sutle od izvora do Kumrovečke zavale. Kompozitno obilježje doline je reljefni izraz njenog složenog geomorfološkog razvoja. U njenom oblikovanju odlučujući su utjecaj imali fluvio–denudacijski, fluvijalniprocesii tektonika.
The mountain ridge in Šibenik is a microgeomorphological region of a subgeomorphological whole in the tramontane region of Vrgorac. It is also part of the macrogeomorphological region of central ...Dalmatia with its group of islands as well as being part of the megageomorphological region of the mountain sistem of Dinara.The mountain ridge in Šibenik was formed by various connected mechanisms and types of deformation as well as being pulled on by positive and negative transpressional characteristics in the area from the Cretaceous Age till now. The mountain ridge in Šibenik (big and small Šibenik 1314 and 1226m) is the most exposed mountain elevation of the tramontane region in Vrgorac.The mountain ridges Kruševica and Orah as well as mountain ridge –trees of mount Mihovil and Matokit are divided by smaller valleys and rifts which represent their mountain structures. The acclivity shows the assymetry of the mountain ridges and rifts. The south and southeastern slopes are convex where as the north and northeastern ones are extended by reverse fault sand horizontal faults. The mountain structure of Šibenik is an area with the most exposed and intensive compressional connections in the tramontane region of Vrgorac. The orography shows the graded development of relief with its reverse connections of carbonate sediment of the Cretaceous Age and Paleogene Age as well as the Eocene flysh. The morphostructural formation of the mountain structures in Šibenik happened in the compressional stage at the end of the Cretaceous Age till the beginning of the Neogene Age and the second one in a more complex cinematic compression from the Neogene Age till today. It relates to the global changes from the southwest and northeast towards the south and north at the and of the Paleogene Age and the beginning of the Neogene Age which was the result of the adjustment of geological structures and relief and new tectogenic connections. The carbonate lithological structure influenced on forming the karst relief however, the dinamic of the area didn’t stimulate the corrosive proccesses on the surface as well as formingsink-holes and basins.Being a very tectonical area it formed endokarst formations like caves and pits. The steep acclivity of the mountain facade is dominant with sloping ground but also has intensive and mechanical devanged cliffs.
As both Middle-European and Mediterranean country, the Republic of Croatia is composed of several regional units. Every single natural and geographical unit is not specific only in terms of its ...general natural features, but also by its role in linking Croatia with the rest of the world. Additional peculiarity of these geographic units is their complementary value, which gives good prerequisites for successful economic development of the country. In Pannonian section of Croatia prevail natural features close to those in other Central-European countries. Namely, this section of Croatia participates in Danube catchment area, linking Croatia with the rest of Central Europe. Dinaric Alps are typical mountainous area; in north-western part of the range (i. e. in the region of Gorski Kotar) they are very narrow, making thus possible a comparatively easy communication between Pannonian part of Croatia and the Adriatic coast. Coastal region of Croatia -stretching along the most of (north) eastern coast of the Adriatic -is predominantly characterised by Mediterranean natural features. Due to its size and share in total area of the country, territorial waters of the Adriatic sea can be accepted as the fourth natural and geographic unit of Croatia.
TEMELJNA SKICA GEOEKOLOŠKIH OSOBINA VELEBITA Bognar, Andrija
Senjski zbornik - prilozi za geografiju, etnologiju, gospodarstvo, povijest i kulturu,
1994, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The Mountain Range of Velebit is a part of the mountain zone of the Outer Dinarides, characterized by the prevailing nonkonformed block-folded structure. On the prevailing carbonate basement ...(limestones, dolomites) linear and bended chains of ridges have been developed in SE, S and central part of the mountain. Norther part of Velebit has mostly character of the mountain massif with the dominant block-folded structure. Velebit is characterized by the steplike transversal profile. Karst is the predominant relief type. Very high relief dissection rate stimulated intensive slope processes and corresponding relief forms (pediments). At the highest sections of the mountain (higher than 1.350 m) there are remnants of glaciation (exaration morphologic forms as well as the corresponding correlative sediments and moraine forms) and periglacial modelling which took place in the Pleistocene. Periglacial processes are active today only above the altitudes of 1.400-1.500 m. The Velebit Mountain represents an important climatic barrier towards the continental part of Croatia. There are climatic differences between the coastal part of the mountain and it's NE slope in Lika. The annual rainfall is around 1.000 mm in the coastal part, while in the higher part of the mountain it exceeds to 3.000 mm. The situation is similar with the temperature contrasts; while on the coast the freezing temperatures are rare, on the higher part of the mountain the winter temperatures sometimes drop below -30°C and -40°C. This results in a number of vegetational peculiarities. It should be noted that vegetation in this region ranges from subtropical laurel forests in the southern part of the coastal zone to spruce forests of the taige type in the higher zone of Velebit. The intensive human influence on the natural vegetation cover of the karst has been present for centuries. It is almost a rule that severe degradation of the vegetation cover is accompanied by degradation and destruction of soil by erosion and deflation. On the limestones and dolomite rocks on the lower hypsometric levels up to approximately 700 m, calcic cambiosol prevails, while on the higher locations orthic rendzina on hard limestone is predominant. On deeper and loose moraine and fluvioglacial materials, orthic rendzina is found.
The transverse profile of the South Velebit, range is characteristic for its stepslike delineation. This property also substantiates a theory of a very complex evolution of the South Velebit during ...the orogeny development stage, marked by the alternate uplifts and relative endogenic passivness, favourable for denudation and pediplanation processes. Such a development resulted in the formation of the two clearly defined steps; one, the older and higher and the other one, younger and lower. Despite of their regional distribution, their discontinuity and different altitudes are very significant. Namely, while both of the pediments are very well developed on the seaside slope, the another Lika-slope is characterized only by the higher pediment, resulting undoubtedly from the specific morphotectonic evolution of the mountain range. Distribution, genesis and properties of the Jelar deposits are indicators of the pedimentation and pediplanation processes, during Upper Eocene until Lower Neogene. Their morphologic activity is connected with a formation of the higher and older fold-pediment. Due to the pediplanation processes, the extreeme south-east and north-west parts of the present day mountain range have been modified into one denudation level of peneplanation. Intensive tectonic, prevailingly fault-movements during neotectonic development stage, from the Mid Miocene onwards, lifted the mountain range to its present altitudes. The older pediment and a pediplane level have been disarranged. In the course of a neotectonic development stage, there was obviously one stage of tectonic passivness in Pliocene, favourable for processes of peneplanation and denudation. This stage is connected with formation of the younger pediment, whereby it probably developed during arid and cold glacial periods. Due to the recent tectonic movements in Quarternary era, this pediment has been also disarranged.
The area of the Risnjak mountain massif is a submorphological region - part of the mesomorphological region of the south-western Gorski Kotar. This area exceeds 1,500 metres in height. In the relief ...structure of the massif, the system of ranges and erosion surfaces - plateaux, has been formed on the folded-block, mostly carbonate base by subsequent microtectonic activity and exomorphological processes.
Such relationships of relief under conditions of exceptionally low temperatures and abundance of snow precipitation during the Pleistocene, were prerequisites for the development of glaciation. Glaciation of the mountain massif was marked by formation of the valley, plateau and cirque glaciers, which is proved by the discovery of glacial moraines and other morphological features and corresponding sediments.
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