The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of sexual harassment perpetrated by coaches in youth sports activities and to examine the association of those experiences with depression, ...anxiety, and stress in later life. Study participants were young men and women (n = 501; Mage = 20,86, SD = 1,81) who participated in sports before they turned 18 years old. The results showed that 25 % of participants experienced some form of sexual harassment by coaches while they were minors. Participants who had this kind of experience obtained higher results on depression, anxiety, and stress scales. The results indicate the need to undertake measures aimed at preventing and stopping sexual harassment in youth sport.
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of sexual harassment perpetrated by coaches in youth sports activities and to examine the association of those experiences with depression, ...anxiety, and stress in later life. Study participants were young men and women (n = 501; Mage = 20,86, SD = 1,81) who participated in sports before they turned 18 years old. The results showed that 25 % of participants experienced some form of sexual harassment by coaches while they were minors. Participants who had this kind of experience obtained higher results on depression, anxiety, and stress scales. The results indicate the need to undertake measures aimed at preventing and stopping sexual harassment in youth sport.
Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi koliko se često mladi rukometaši i rukometašice susreću s negativnim stereotipima prema sportašicama. Osim spomenutoga, ispitali smo razlikuju li se ...sportašice koje su u različitom stupnju izložene negativnim stereotipima u doživljaju rodne neravnopravnosti koja se očituje u nejednakim uvjetima treniranja i nejednakom načinu vrednovanja sportskih postignuća mladića i djevojaka koji treniraju u njihovom sportskom klubu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 522 rukometaša/ica (289 mladića i 233 djevojaka) čiji se raspon dobi kretao od 14 do 17 godina (M=14,75; SD=0,96). Prema dobivenim rezultatima, s negativnim se stereotipima prema sportašicama i/ili sportu u kojem sudjeluju djevojke susrelo 94,5% mladića i 95,6% djevojaka. Mlade su sportašice češće izložene stavu prema kojem sport nije aktivnost namijenjena djevojkama (U=28188,00, p<0,05), odnosno stavu koji podrazumijeva da sport u kojem sudjeluju žene nije atraktivan (U=28111,00, p<0,05). Djevojke koje se češće susreću s negativnim stereotipima prema sportašicama statistički značajno češće navode da sportaši i sportašice u njihovom klubu ne treniraju u jednakim uvjetima (U=3551,000, p<0,001) te da se njihovi sportski uspjesi ne vrednuju na isti način (U=3353,500, p<0,001). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na potrebu za poduzimanjem mjera s ciljem suzbijanja negativnih stereotipa prema sportašicama te omogućavanja jednakih uvjeta treniranja i vrednovanja sportskih rezultata sportaša i sportašica.
The main aim of the study was to determine how often young handball players encountered negative stereotypes towards sportswomen. In addition, we examined whether young sportswomen who were differentially exposed to those stereotypes differed in their perception of gender inequality regarding training conditions and sporting achievement appraisal of boys and girls in their sports clubs. The study involved 522 handball players (289 boys and 233 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.75; SD = 0.96). The results showed that 94.5 % of boys and 95.6 % of girls who participated in the study have heard negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and/or the sports in which they participate. Young sportswomen were more often exposed to the attitudes according to which sports activities are not suitable for girls (U = 28188,00, p <0,05) as well as to the attitudes implying that women’s sports are not attractive (U = 28111.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, girls who were more often exposed to negative stereotypes towards sportswomen more frequently reported that boys and girls in their club trained in unequal conditions (U = 3551,000, p <0.001) and that their sports achievements were not valued equally (U = 3353,500, p <0,001). The obtained results indicate the need to undertake measures to combat the negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and enable equal training conditions and equal sports achievements evaluation for boys and girls who participate in sports.
The main aim of the study was to determine how often young handball players encountered negative stereotypes towards sportswomen. In addition, we examined whether young sportswomen who were ...differentially exposed to those stereotypes differed in their perception of gender inequality regarding training conditions and sporting achievement appraisal of boys and girls in their sports clubs. The study involved 522 handball players (289 boys and 233 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.75; SD = 0.96). The results showed that 94.5 % of boys and 95.6 % of girls who participated in the study have heard negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and/or the sports in which they participate. Young sportswomen were more often exposed to the attitudes according to which sports activities are not suitable for girls (U = 28188,00, p <0,05) as well as to the attitudes implying that women’s sports are not attractive (U = 28111.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, girls who were more often exposed to negative stereotypes towards sportswomen more frequently reported that boys and girls in their club trained in unequal conditions (U = 3551,000, p <0.001) and that their sports achievements were not valued equally (U = 3353,500, p <0,001). The obtained results indicate the need to undertake measures to combat the negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and enable equal training conditions and equal sports achievements evaluation for boys and girls who participate in sports.
The aim of the study was to analyze positional
differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball
juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: ...backs (B;
n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent
morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed
by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05)
between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in
longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found
between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots
suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no
significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however,
the measures of skeletal transversality,
voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the
fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more
robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all
transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body
voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection
process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32),
endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph
component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the
three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball
practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of
subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active
muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports
training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance
and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are
expected.
The aim was to establish differences in morphological characteristics of 48 selected female younger cadet (U14) handball players (age 13.88±0.46 years) in the playing positions of wings, backs and ...pivots. The sample of variables embraced 24 morphological measures defining the already established four latent body dimensions. Univariate ANOVA revealed the significant global differences among the three groups of U14 players in 11 morphological measures. Between the backs and pivots no significant differences were established. The greatest differences between the pivots and wings were established in body height, leg length, arm length, ankle breadth, body weight and calf circumference (p<.01). The greatest differences between the wings and backs were established in four variables: body height, arm length, knee breadth and ankle breadth (p<.01). We endorse the interpretation that specificities of technical-tactical activities executed by backs and pivots in attack repose in the background of the established differences, that is, backs and pivots are exposed to more body contacts in attack in which they must overcome defenders’ resistance. In the sample of the Croatian U14 female handballers apparently no somatotypic component prevailed. However, a slightly larger contribution of endomorph component was perceived in the pivots’ body composition, which was in line with the general results of the entire age group. In U14 backs both the endomorph and mesomorph component were pronounced equally, whereas all the three components were of even values in the wings
The main aim of the study was to determine how often young handball players encountered negative stereotypes towards sportswomen. In addition, we examined whether young sportswomen who were ...differentially exposed to those stereotypes differed in their perception of gender inequality regarding training conditions and sporting achievement appraisal of boys and girls in their sports clubs. The study involved 522 handball players (289 boys and 233 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.75; SD = 0.96). The results showed that 94.5 % of boys and 95.6 % of girls who participated in the study have heard negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and/or the sports in which they participate. Young sportswomen were more often exposed to the attitudes according to which sports activities are not suitable for girls (U = 28188,00, p <0,05) as well as to the attitudes implying that women’s sports are not attractive (U = 28111.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, girls who were more often exposed to negative stereotypes towards sportswomen more frequently reported that boys and girls in their club trained in unequal conditions (U = 3551,000, p <0.001) and that their sports achievements were not valued equally (U = 3353,500, p <0,001). The obtained results indicate the need to undertake measures to combat the negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and enable equal training conditions and equal sports achievements evaluation for boys and girls who participate in sports.
AbstractThe research was carried out on a sample of 48 second-grade male pupils of primary school, divided into an experimental (21 pupils) and a control group (27 pupils). The chronological age of ...the pupils was eight years. Nine variables were used to assess basic motor abilities: maximum speed in 10m sprint (SPR10M) and 20m sprint (SPR20M), the horizontal jump (MFESDM), sit ups (TRB30S), back extensions (LEĐ30S), the front plank (UPPRED), the figure of eight with a bend (MAGOSS), zigzag run (MAGSLA), and the figure of a star without the ball (ZVIBLO).In a three-month period, the experimental group participated in a total of 36 mini-handball practice periods, whereas the control group had a total of 36 PE class periods. There was no significant difference between the measured initial states of the boys in the experimental and the boys in the control group (λ=0.24 and p=0.44), suggesting that both groups had a similar starting position. The analysis of the experimental group data showed a statistically significant difference in the arithmetic means of the initial and the final measurements for the following basic motor ability variables: maximum speed in 20m sprint (SPR20M), sit ups (TRB30S), back extensions (LED30S), the front plank (UPPRED), and the figure of eight with a bend (MAGOSS). The analysis of the control group data showed a statistically significant difference in the arithmetic means of the initial and the final measurements only in case of the front plank variable (UPPRED). The analysis of differences between the results of boys in the control and the experimental group in basic motor ability tests carried out using discriminate analysis (λ=0.74 and p=0.01) clearly showed that the experimental mini-handball programme produced much more significant effects on basic motor ability indicators than the physical education programme in the control group.The results of this study should be taken with caution due to the small sample size used in the study. Key words: basic motor abilities; boys; changes; mini-handball; PE classes---SažetakIstraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 48 učenika eksperimentalne skupine (21 učenik) i kontrolne skupine (27 učenika) drugog razreda osnovne škole, kronološke dobi od 8 godina. Za procjenu temeljnih motoričkih sposobnosti korišteno je devet varijabli: maksimalna brzina trčanja na 10 (SPR10M) i 20 (SPR20M) metara, skok u dalj s mjesta (MFESDM), podizanje trupa iz ležanja do sjeda (TRB30S), zakloni trupa (LEĐ30S), izdržaj u uporu prednjem (UPPRED), osmica sa sagibanjem (MAGOSS), kretanje u slalomu (MAGSLA), zvjezdasto kretanje bez lopte (ZVIBLO).Tijekom tromjesečnog rada eksperimentalna skupina imala je ukupno 36 sati programa mini rukometa, a kontrolna skupina 36 sati nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Nije utvrđena razlika između dječaka eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine u inicijalnom stanju (λ=0,24 i p=0,44), što pokazuje da dvije skupine ispitanika startaju sa sličnom razinom početnih rezultata.Na temelju dobivenih rezultata u eksperimentalnoj skupini može se zaključiti kako postoji statistički značajna razlika u aritmetičkim sredinama između inicijalnog i finalnog provjeravanja u varijablama temeljnih motoričkih sposobnosti dječaka i to: za maksimalnu brzina trčanja na 20 metara (SPR20M), podizanje trupa iz ležanja do sjeda (TRB30S), zaklon trupa (LED30S), upor prednji (UPPRED), osmicu sa sagibanjem (MAGOSS). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata u kontrolnoj skupini može se zaključiti kako postoji statistički značajna razlika u aritmetičkim sredinama između inicijalnog i finalnog provjeravanja dječaka samo u varijabli upor prednji (UPPRED). Analiza razlika između dječaka kontrolne i eksperimentalne skupine u testovima za procjenu temeljnih motoričkih sposobnosti u finalnom stanju, dobivena diskriminacijskom analizom (λ=0,74 i p=0,01), definitivno pokazuje da je eksperimentalni programa mini rukometa proizveo puno značajnije učinke u pokazateljima temeljnih motoričkih sposobnosti od kontrolnog programa nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Dobivene razlike, odnosno učinke pod utjecajem programiranog treninga mini rukometa, treba uzeti s određenom rezervom jer je stupanj generalizacije ograničen zbog relativno malog uzorka ispitanika iz jedne rukometne populacijeKljučne riječi: temeljne motoričke sposobnosti; dječaci; mini rukomet; nastava TZK; promjene
Cilj istrazivanja bio je ispitati ucestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja od strane trenera u sportskim aktivnostima u kojima sudjeluju djeca i adolescenti te povezanost tog iskustva s depresivnosti, ...anksioznosti i stresom u kasnijoj zivotnoj dobi. U istrazivanju su sudjelovali mladici i djevojke (n = 501; Mdob = 20,86, SD = 1,81) koji su se prije 18. godine bavili sportom. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, 25 % sudionika je u vrijeme dok su bili maloljetni dozivjelo neki oblik seksualnog uznemiravanja od strane trenera. Sudionici koji posjeduju takvo iskustvo postigli su vise rezultate na ljestvicama depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa. Rezultati upucuju na potrebu za poduzimanjem mjera prevencije i suzbijanja seksualnog uznemiravanja u sportu mladih. Kljucne rijeci: seksualno uznemiravanje, sport, depresivnost, anksioznost, stres The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of sexual harassment perpetrated by coaches in youth sports activities and to examine the association of those experiences with depression, anxiety, and stress in later life. Study participants were young men and women (n = 501; Mage = 20,86, SD = 1,81) who participated in sports before they turned 18 years old. The results showed that 25 % of participants experienced some form of sexual harassment by coaches while they were minors. Participants who had this kind of experience obtained higher results on depression, anxiety, and stress scales. The results indicate the need to undertake measures aimed at preventing and stopping sexual harassment in youth sport. Keywords: sexual harassment, sport, depression, anxiety, stress
Cilj istrazivanja bio je ispitati ucestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja od strane trenera u sportskim aktivnostima u kojima sudjeluju djeca i adolescenti te povezanost tog iskustva s depresivnosti, ...anksioznosti i stresom u kasnijoj zivotnoj dobi. U istrazivanju su sudjelovali mladici i djevojke (n = 501; Mdob = 20,86, SD = 1,81) koji su se prije 18. godine bavili sportom. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, 25 % sudionika je u vrijeme dok su bili maloljetni dozivjelo neki oblik seksualnog uznemiravanja od strane trenera. Sudionici koji posjeduju takvo iskustvo postigli su vise rezultate na ljestvicama depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa. Rezultati upucuju na potrebu za poduzimanjem mjera prevencije i suzbijanja seksualnog uznemiravanja u sportu mladih.
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