The char oxidation of a torrefied biomass and its parent material was carried out in an isothermal plug flow reactor (IPFR), which is able to rapidly heat the biomass particles to a maximum ...temperature of 1400°C at a heating rate of 104°C/s, similar to the real conditions found in power plant furnaces. During each char oxidation test, the residues of biomass particles were collected and analyzed to determine the weight loss based on the ash tracer method. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that chars produced from a torrefied biomass are less reactive than the ones produced, under the same conditions, from its raw material. The apparent kinetics of the torrefied biomass and its parent material are determined by minimizing the difference between the modeled and the experimental results. The predicted weight loss during char oxidation, using the determined kinetics, agrees well with experimental results.
Abstract We report the first observation of the $$\Xi _{c}(2930)^0$$ Ξc(2930)0 charmed-strange baryon with a significance greater than 5$$\sigma $$ σ . The $$\Xi _{c}(2930)^0$$ Ξc(2930)0 is found in ...its decay to $$K^- \Lambda _{c}^+$$ K-Λc+ in $$B^{-} \rightarrow K^{-} \Lambda _{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda }_{c}^{-}$$ B-→K-Λc+Λ¯c- decays. The measured mass and width are $$2928.9 \pm 3.0(\mathrm stat.)^{+0.9}_{-12.0}(\mathrm syst.)$$ 2928.9±3.0(stat.)-12.0+0.9(syst.) MeV/$$c^{2}$$ c2 and $$19.5 \pm 8.4(\mathrm stat.) ^{+5.9}_{-7.9}(\mathrm syst.)$$ 19.5±8.4(stat.)-7.9+5.9(syst.) MeV, respectively, and the product branching fraction is $$\mathcal{B}(B^{-} \rightarrow \Xi _{c}(2930)^0 \bar{\Lambda }_{c}^{-}) \mathcal{B}(\Xi _{c}(2930)^0 \rightarrow K^- \Lambda _{c}^{+})=1.73 \pm 0.45(\mathrm stat.) \pm 0.21(\mathrm syst.)\times 10^{-4}$$ B(B-→Ξc(2930)0Λ¯c-)B(Ξc(2930)0→K-Λc+)=1.73±0.45(stat.)±0.21(syst.)×10-4 . We also measure $$\mathcal{B}(B^{-} \rightarrow K^{-} \Lambda _{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda }_{c}^{-}) = 4.80 \pm 0.43(\mathrm stat.) \pm 0.60(\mathrm syst.) \times 10^{-4}$$ B(B-→K-Λc+Λ¯c-)=4.80±0.43(stat.)±0.60(syst.)×10-4 with improved precision, and search for the charmonium-like state Y(4660) and its spin partner, $$Y_{\eta }$$ Yη , in the $$\Lambda _{c}^{+}\bar{\Lambda }_{c}^{-}$$ Λc+Λ¯c- invariant mass spectrum. No clear signals of the Y(4660) nor its spin partner are observed and the 90% credibility level (C.L.) upper limits on their production rates are determined. These measurements are obtained from a sample of $$(772\pm 11)\times 10^{6} B\bar{B}$$ (772±11)×106BB¯ pairs collected at the $$\Upsilon (4S)$$ Υ(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron–positron collider.
Here, we report the first observation of the $Ξ_c(2930)^0$ charmed-strange baryon with a significance greater than 5σ. The $Ξ_c(2930)^0$ is found in its decay to $K^-Λ^+_c$ in ...$B^-→K^-Λ^+_c\bar{Λ}^-_c$ decays. The measured mass and width are $2928.9±3.0(stat.)^{+0.9}_{-12.0}(syst.)$ MeV/ $c^2$ and $19.5±8.4(stat.)^{+5.9}_{-7.9}(syst.)$ MeV, respectively, and the product branching fraction is $\mathcal{B}(B^-→Ξ_c(2930)^0\bar{Λ}^-_c)\mathcal{B}(Ξ_c(2930)^0→K^-Λ^+_c)=1.73±0.45(stat.)±0.21(syst.)×10^{-4}$. We also measure $\mathcal{B}(B^-→K^-Λ^+_c\bar{Λ}^-_c)=4.80±0.43(stat.)±0.60(syst.)×10^{-4}$ with improved precision, and search for the charmonium-like state Y(4660) and its spin partner, Yη, in the $Λ^+_c\bar{Λ}^-_c$ invariant mass spectrum. No clear signals of the Y(4660) nor its spin partner are observed and the 90% credibility level (C.L.) upper limits on their production rates are determined. These measurements are obtained from a sample of (772±11)×106B B ¯ pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron–positron collider.
We report the first observation of the
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
0
charmed-strange baryon with a significance greater than 5
σ
. The
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
0
is found in its decay to
K
-
Λ
c
+
in
B
-
→
K
-
Λ
c
+
Λ
¯
c
-
...decays. The measured mass and width are
2928.9
±
3.0
(
s
t
a
t
.
)
-
12.0
+
0.9
(
s
y
s
t
.
)
MeV/
c
2
and
19.5
±
8.4
(
s
t
a
t
.
)
-
7.9
+
5.9
(
s
y
s
t
.
)
MeV, respectively, and the product branching fraction is
B
(
B
-
→
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
0
Λ
¯
c
-
)
B
(
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
0
→
K
-
Λ
c
+
)
=
1.73
±
0.45
(
s
t
a
t
.
)
±
0.21
(
s
y
s
t
.
)
×
10
-
4
. We also measure
B
(
B
-
→
K
-
Λ
c
+
Λ
¯
c
-
)
=
4.80
±
0.43
(
s
t
a
t
.
)
±
0.60
(
s
y
s
t
.
)
×
10
-
4
with improved precision, and search for the charmonium-like state
Y
(4660) and its spin partner,
Y
η
, in the
Λ
c
+
Λ
¯
c
-
invariant mass spectrum. No clear signals of the
Y
(4660) nor its spin partner are observed and the 90% credibility level (C.L.) upper limits on their production rates are determined. These measurements are obtained from a sample of
(
772
±
11
)
×
10
6
B
B
¯
pairs collected at the
Υ
(
4
S
)
resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron–positron collider.
Measurements of the coherence factors (RKππ0 and RK3π) and the average strong-phase differences (δDKππ0 and δDK3π) for the decays D0→K−π+π0 and D0→K−π+π+π− are presented. These parameters are ...important inputs to the determination of the unitarity triangle angle γ in B∓→DK∓ decays, where D designates a D0 or D¯0 meson decaying to a common final state. The measurements are made using quantum correlated DD¯ decays collected by the CLEO-c experiment at the ψ(3770) resonance, and augment a previously published analysis by the inclusion of new events in which the signal decay is tagged by the mode D→KS0π+π−. The measurements also benefit from improved knowledge of external inputs, namely the D0D¯0 mixing parameters, rDKπ and several D-meson branching fractions. The measured values are RKππ0=0.82±0.07, δDKππ0=(164−14+20)°, RK3π=0.32−0.28+0.20 and δDK3π=(225−78+21)°. Consideration is given to how these measurements can be improved further by using the larger quantum-correlated data set collected by BESIII.
Detailed information on the biofuels is an essential requirement for the prediction of plant efficiency, carbon in ash, pollutant emissions, surface deposition and corrosion, in thermochemical ...processes. A fuel- specific comprehensive characterization is required to design, operate and model combustion, oxy-firing and gasification plants. At IFRF it couples fundamental analyses with advanced tests in the Isothermal Plug Flow Reactor (IPFR), which allows high temperature and heating rate, under programmed gaseous environments (N2, O2, CO2, H2O). The aim of this work is to: define the experimental procedures for testing biomass fuels in the IPFR; provide significant results of the recent experimental campaigns on biomass fuels; extrapolate the prerequisites and principles that could be in common with other test facilities (in the frame of the BRISK project) for an advanced characterization. Particular attention is devoted to the qualification of the system and procedures used. Different sources of uncertainty (due to diagnostic limitations, segregation phenomena, fuel heterogeneity) affecting the operating parameters and test outputs (e.g., reaction conversion, obtained with the ash tracer method) are studied. The improvements in the experimental apparatus and procedures, as well as the support of CFD assisted diagnostics (e.g., to estimate the effective thermal history of the particles inside the reactor) have helped in quantifying and reducing the experimental uncertainties. The aim is to provide qualified data for the prediction of operational/design parameters for industrial-scale thermochemical systems. Uniform and reliable data will be finally inserted into the IFRF online Solid Fuel DataBase (SFDB).
We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP violation parameters in B 0 → η'K 0 decays. The measurement is based on the full data sample containing 772 × 106 \( B\overline{B} \) pairs collected ...at the Υ(4S) resonance using the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The measured values of the mixing-induced and direct CP violation parameters are:
$$ \sin\ 2{\phi}_1^{\mathrm{eff}}=+0.68\pm 0.07\pm 0.03, $$
$$ {\mathcal{A}}_{{{}_{\eta}}_{\prime}}_{K^0}}=+0.03\pm 0.05\pm 0.04, $$
where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The values obtained are the most accurate to date. Furthermore, these results are consistent with our previous measurements and with the world-average value of sin 2$\phi$ 1 measured in B 0 → J/ψK 0 decays.
PDF
