The article is devoted to administrative law terminology and the feasibility of involving the concept of management in its composition. It has been found that legal science was subject to repeated ...attempts to introduce the relevant concept into its terminology. It is stated that the concept of management is widely used in scientific literature to explain the properties of administrative law phenomena and processes and in national administrative legislation. It is proved that most works available in specific literature: a) do not reason why the management category is essential for administrative law; b) what internal problems of administrative law science it helps or hinders to solve; c) how the category will correlate with other concepts close in meaning – administrative management, public administration, good governance, etc. It is substantiated the conclusion that representatives of economic sciences have not yet reached agreement on how to interpret the concept of management. However, they shall do it, firstly, for the further development of management science and secondly to clarify the content of the relevant educational programs in management, because Ukraine keeps implementing "knowledge standardization" for all levels of education. It was established that the imbalance of scientific approaches to the content of the management concept negatively affects the final definition of the object and subject of management science and the relevant teaching-learning materials intended for university students majoring in the specialty concerned. Based on the analysis of the concept of management and cases of its use in studies on administrative law phenomena, it was concluded that management is an economic category used by representatives of economic sciences to explain the peculiarities of internal organizational activities within public authorities and local self-government. At the same time, the range of issues and problems that are raised and solved are of an exclusively "managerial" nature and hence do not echo or partially echo ones of administrative law regulation of internal organizational relations within public authorities. The concept of management has no methodological significance for administrative law terminology and, thus, studies on administrative law phenomena.
The subject of the study is the identification of cross-cultural features of European business under the influence of the implementation of the Green Deal as the main EU development strategy until ...2025. Methodology. The research used general logical and theoretical methods of cognition. The method of analysis and synthesis was used to evaluate the components of intercultural competence for the successful development of eco-business in the EU. The method of analogy was used to find out what is similar and what is different in traditional and environmentally oriented business, which affects the specifics of cross-cultural communication. The theoretical method of generalisation is used to substantiate the content and essence of intercultural competence of environmental business. The method of system analysis was used to construct the author's conceptual model of the formation of intercultural competence of European environmental business. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of environmental cross-cultural management in the activities of European business and the role of cross-cultural competencies in the success of European environmental companies, including Ukrainian business. Results. The article has proved the role of green growth as a dominant concept and concrete policy of the European Union, embodied in the strategy of the EU Green Deal Strategy (GDS). The main sectoral determinants of green growth, reflected in the Green Deal, are defined as forming the field of development of environmental business in the EU. It has been shown that this tendency affects the specifics of cross-cultural communication. The need to build effective cross-cultural communications in the European environmental business under the influence of the Green Deal determinants was analysed and addressed through the strategy of green cross-cultural management. Conclusion. European companies implementing eco-innovative developments are faced with expanding the range of cooperation with various partners, including in the multinational environment of creation, approval, implementation and monitoring of implementation effectiveness. The need to build effective intercultural communication in European eco-business under the influence of the determinants of the Green Deal, taking into account cultural differences in business relations and using the tools of effective intercultural management has been emphasised. The list of criteria for effective communication and structuring of relations in cross-cultural management was determined. The positive relationship between the integration of different cultures in EU enterprises and the growth of their competitiveness is emphasised. The prerequisites for the formation of sustainable cross-cultural competence of a business process participant are proved. Prospects for the development of "green" cross-cultural competences in the European business space are outlined. The cross-cultural competences of the European environmental business are considered from the point of view of ethnorelativism formation. The authors emphasize that intercultural communication in environmental business should take into account the peculiarities of national cultures, which make it understandable for everyone, as well as the values of the Green Planet, which is an objective unifying factor. The basic elements of the green intercultural management strategy for European business are proposed and the main obstacles to the implementation of such management mechanisms in the Ukrainian business environment are identified.
The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the middle class in political democracy and economic democracy in Ukraine. The role of the Ukrainian middle class in the revolutionary events of ...2004 and 2013-2014 – the Ukrainian Maidans, the influence of the middle class on the results of the parliamentary elections in Ukraine and its presentation in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine are noted. The pendulum-like oscillation of self-identification of the middle class between "service to the oligarchs" and "resistance to democracy," the basis of civil society, is noted. The emphasis is placed on the fact that democracy is the rule of the middle class, and the principle of equal freedom is at the core of economic democracy. The compromise between capitalism and democracy is the need to distribute the public good under the supervision of political democracy in the interests of the middle class. Methodology. The theory of economic democracy was used to study the essence and characteristics of the middle class in Ukraine. By means of sociological methods of empirical research middle class identification by indicators of income, education, labor (employment), consumer behavior is given. Differences of "European" middle class from Ukrainian middle class are marked. In connection with the fact that the level of income of the Ukrainian middle class does not correspond to the indicators of EU countries, the necessity of application of subjective indicators to determine self-identification of middle class representatives in Ukraine is substantiated. The definition of the middle class from the opposite, i.e., what the middle class is not (not the oligarchs, not the authorities, not the working class, etc.) is also applied. Results. The trajectories of the middle class in Ukraine have been defined – from active participation in the Ukrainian revolutions to the role of a servant of the oligarchic regime. The middle class is well positioned to establish a regime of political democracy and to oppose the oligarchic-lumpen alliance. What hinders this is the insufficient activity of the middle class during election campaigns and especially after them. The oligarchs' established monopoly in the economy and media space allows for effective election campaigns in the mass media and the financing of political parties. This nullifies attempts of the middle class to establish political democracy in Ukraine. The growing role of the new middle class – intellectuals and representatives of the creative industries – has been noted. The self-identification factors of the middle class include a sense of justice, responsibility for the future and the practice of democratic values. According to sociological research, representatives of the Ukrainian middle class strive for democratic changes, overcoming corruption, deconstruction of the oligarchic regime, and implementation of market reforms. They have higher education, are interested in art, go to restaurants, and can sometimes afford vacations abroad. The political parties that declared support for the middle class and defined it as a target group in the elections included the "Team of Winter Generation," "Veche," "Self Reliance", and "Voice". The first two were perceived as oligarchic projects, while the last two parties made it to parliament, respectively, in the eighth and ninth convocations. Separately, the 2019 elections, in which the voice of the middle class became truly powerful, are examined separately. The "old faces," representatives of the post-Soviet oligarchy, and bureaucrats lost in the majoritarian districts. The middle class refused to support those politicians and parties that had become "servants of the oligarchs" in parliament, taking an important step in building not only a political democracy, but also an economic democracy. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the process of European integration of Ukraine, the implementation of reforms to develop political democracy as the rule of the middle class and economic democracy as a democratic system of redistribution of public resources. Value/originality. This study of the middle class and economic democracy allows us to understand the economic factors that influence politics, the role of the middle class and its characteristics in the process of establishing political democracy and economic democracy in Ukraine.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of using modern applications in the teaching of higher mathematics for future border guard officers of the State Border Guard Service of ...Ukraine. The article describes the possibilities of the software stand developed on the basis of the mathematical package of the MatLab system, which allows cadets to perform spectral analysis of signals, which is important for solving professional problems of future professional activity. In addition, the article describes the process of the stand and presents its program code. The interface of the developed software stand allows to choose a window for the analysis of a kind of pulses, to receive their images, corresponding radio pulses, and also their spectra. The obtained amplitude spectra allows to compare and state the similarities and differences in the radio signal and signal spectra. In addition, if it is necessary to demonstrate the form of an arbitrary (periodic or non-periodic) signal or a signal with noise, the presented software product allows the cadet to generate a signal depending on its characteristics. The article notes that conducting classes using this software product develops the motivation of cadets to study fundamental disciplines, promotes interest and increases their knowledge and skills in higher mathematics and related disciplines, as the classes have a purposeful informational and emotional impact on future officers, their analytical-synthetic skills and critical thinking develop. In addition, the article considers the features of experimental verification of the classes effectiveness using a program stand to improve the knowledge and skills of cadets in professionally-oriented disciplines, as well as the reliability of the results using mathematical statistics.
Evaluation of indeterminate forms is a current problem for a significant class of formalized system analysis tasks. Formally, the problems of indeterminate forms evaluation in the system analysis and ...the operations research theory are largely similar. However, there are also fundamental differences that lie in the following. The problems of operations research have a greater degree of formalization, since they usually a priori provide all the restrictions, conditions, outcoming data and mathematical models. In system analysis problems, part of restrictions, conditions, outcoming data have not been studied in advance, the information about them is refined in the process of problem formalization and solving. Presently, the task of indeterminate objectives evaluation in multiobjective decision making problems, which are reduced to "soft formal characterization" system analysis problems, remains topical. One of them is the problem of finding a rational compromise in multiobjective optimization for a totality of one variable functions. The work: determines the class of indeterminate objectives evaluation problems, determined by the functions of one variable; analyzes existing approaches and methods of indeterminate objectives evaluation; clearly outlines the range of problematic issues that occur in their application. The authors’ method of solving a certain class of problems in the defined limits of application has been proposed; its algorithmization and programming as well as its application evaluation based on various examples have been carried out.
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Four mononuclear n,π-chelate complexes M(HL1,2)Cl2 (M = Pd2+, Pt2+) have been obtained by the reactions of PdCl2 or K2PtCl4 with N,N-diethyl-N'-(2-propenyl)thiourea (HL1) or ...N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-propenyl)thiourea (HL2) in the presence of HCl. According to X-ray diffraction study, the molecules of HL1,2 are coordinated in a bidentate manner with the formation of six-membered chelate metallocycles in a twist-boat conformation. The diagonal arrangement of “soft-hard” donor atoms (S–M−Cl, C–M−Cl) in the coordination sphere leads to the Pearson's effect of “molecular antisymbiosis in the trans effect” that causes the formation of complexes with an M:L ratio of 1:1. However, interaction in the ratio 1:2, 1:3 is also possible in the solution under the conditions of monodentate coordination of HL1 and HL2. All compounds were investigated by IR, UV–vis and NMR spectra. The 1H/13C NMR study showed that this method is reliable for establishing the formation of a π-coordinating bond. The similarity of the synthesized complexes structure with cisplatin implies the same mechanism of their antitumor action. Thus, it was investigated their effect on the growth and biochemical characteristics of human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 (grown in three-dimensional culture as spheroids) and the activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). The results showed that all studied π-complexes are more active compared to cisplatin, and they exhibit pronounced anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic activity, which one is caused by their inhibitory effect.
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