The use of an area detector in grazing‐incidence X‐ray experiments lends many advantages in terms of both speed and reliability. Here a discussion is given of the procedures established using the ...PILATUS pixel detector developed at the Swiss Light Source for optimizing data acquisition and analysis of surface diffraction data at the Materials Science beamline, especially with regard to reflectivity measurements, crystal truncation and fractional order rods, and grazing‐incidence diffraction experiments.
Imaging with visible light today uses numerous contrast mechanisms, including bright- and dark-field contrast, phase-contrast schemes and confocal and fluorescence-based methods. X-ray imaging, on ...the other hand, has only recently seen the development of an analogous variety of contrast modalities. Although X-ray phase-contrast imaging could successfully be implemented at a relatively early stage with several techniques, dark-field imaging, or more generally scattering-based imaging, with hard X-rays and good signal-to-noise ratio, in practice still remains a challenging task even at highly brilliant synchrotron sources. In this letter, we report a new approach on the basis of a grating interferometer that can efficiently yield dark-field scatter images of high quality, even with conventional X-ray tube sources. Because the image contrast is formed through the mechanism of small-angle scattering, it provides complementary and otherwise inaccessible structural information about the specimen at the micrometre and submicrometre length scale. Our approach is fully compatible with conventional transmission radiography and a recently developed hard-X-ray phase-contrast imaging scheme. Applications to X-ray medical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing and security screening are discussed.
Development of single photon counting detectors at the Swiss Light Source Schmitt, B.; Brönnimann, Ch; Eikenberry, E.F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Letnik:
518, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To optimally use the high flux delivered by current, third-generation synchrotron radiation sources like the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute two detector systems are currently being ...developed. The Mythen detector system is a one-dimensional 15k channel microstrip detector for powder diffraction. It allows major improvement in time-resolved powder diffraction due to its massively parallel detection of X-rays and fast readout. The Pilatus detector is a 2k × 2k pixel detector for protein crystallography. Its advantages compared to current state-of-the-art CCDs are a much better signal-to-noise ratio, a point spread function of 1 pixel and a very short readout time of 6.7
ms. This allows data to be taken in fine
φ-slicing mode which will improve the data quality.
Pilatus is a silicon hybrid pixel detector system for detecting X-rays in single photon counting mode. The PILATUS II chip, fabricated in a radiation tolerant design with a standard 0.25 mum CMOS ...process, was used to construct multichip modules with a size of 84 times 34 mm 2 comprising 94'965 pixels. All calibrations and characterizations were carried out with monochromatic X-rays from a synchrotron source. In order to set any required threshold above the noise level between 2.14 keV and 22 keV the detector was calibrated with X-rays. An algorithm to adjust thresholds pixel-by-pixel and create trim files based on X-ray flat-field images was developed. The threshold dispersion was reduced from 343 eV to 36 eV by the means of trim files. An electronic noise of 447 eV has been measured. The PILATUS modules are suitable for various X-ray applications such as diffraction and imaging techniques.
A pixel read-out chip for the PILATUS project Brönnimann, Ch; Baur, R.; Eikenberry, E.F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2001, Letnik:
465, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
For the protein crystallography beamlime of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), which will be operational in summer 2001, the PILATUS detector (
PIxe
L Appara
TUs for the
SLS) is currently being built. The ...goal of the PILATUS project is a hybrid pixel system with a size of 40×40
cm
2 having 2000×2000 pixels. The detector will be operated in single photon counting mode for 12
keV X-rays. The prototype pixel read-out chip has a noise of
75
e
−
with sensor, a low threshold dispersion and a maximum count rate of 1
MHz/pixel. Due to the expected radiation dose in operation at the beamline, the chip is designed in radiation hard DMILL technology.
A pixel detector for the protein crystallography beamline at the SLS Brönnimann, Ch; Baur, R; Eikenberry, E.F ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2002, Letnik:
477, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
At the Paul Scherrer Institute a new synchrotron light source is currently under construction, the Swiss Light Source (SLS), which will be operational in summer 2001. Among the first beamlines is a ...high brightness, micro-focusing protein crystallography beamline. It will be equipped with a pixel detector, which has several features of interest for the next generation of protein crystallography detectors. The point spread function and the effect of charge sharing was measured with a prototype detector in a test experiment at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. The concepts of the SLS pixel detector is presented as well as test results from radiation hard prototype chips.
Mythen detector system Schmitt, B; Brönnimann, Ch; Eikenberry, E.F ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2003, Letnik:
501, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Time-resolved experiments in powder diffraction are limited by the long time required to record spectra with current detectors. A major improvement can be made by using a massively parallel X-ray ...detection system together with a fast read out. The Mythen detector (Microstrip system for time-resolved experiments) has been built for the Powder Diffraction Station of the Material Science beamline at the Swiss Light Source to meet these requirements. The specifically developed read out chip (Mythen chip), the detector system and first measurements are shown.
A large quantum-limited area X-ray detector for protein crystallography is under development at the Swiss Light Source. The final detector will be 2k×2k pixels covering
40×40
cm
2
. A three-module ...prototype with 1120×157 pixels covering an active area of
24.3×3.4
cm
2
has been tested. X-rays above
6
keV
with peak count rates exceeding 5×10
5 X-ray/pixel/s could be detected in single photon counting mode. Statistics of module production and results of threshold trimming are presented. To demonstrate the potential of this new detector, protein crystal data were collected at beamline 6S of the SLS.
PDF
