Hamas is designated a terrorist organisation by Israel, the EU, the USA and the UN. It has made itself notorious for its violent radicalism and uncompromising rejection of the Jewish state. So after ...its victory in the 2006 elections the world was watching. How would Hamas govern? Could an Islamist group without any experience of power - and with an unwavering ideology - manage to deal with day-to-day realities on the ground? Bjorn Brenner investigates what happened after the elections and puts the spotlight on the people over whom Hamas rules, rather than on its ideas. Lodging with Palestinian families and experiencing their daily encounters with Hamas, he offers an intimate perspective of the group as seen through local eyes. The book is based on hard-to-secure interviews with a wide range of key political and security figures in the Hamas administration, as well as with military commanders and members of the feared Qassam Brigades. Brenner has also sought out those that Hamas identifies as local trouble makers: the extreme Salafi-Jihadis and members of the now more quiescent mainstream Fatah party led by Mahmoud Abbas. The book provides a new interpretation of one of the most powerful forces in the Israel-Palestine arena, arguing that the Gazan Islamists carry a potential to be much more flexible and pragmatic than anticipated - if they would think they stand to gain from it. Gaza under Hamas investigates the key challenges to Hamas's authority and reveals why and in what ways ideology comes second to power consolidation.
The Hamas administration in the Gaza Strip first set out to crush the area’s Salafi jihadist groups by force. Once Hamas realized that the Salafi jihadi problem was more serious than it had first ...anticipated, however, Hamas’s approach shifted gradually, from a strategy of attempted elimination to one of containment and assimilation. Indeed, several of the pursued militants proved to be former colleagues from the Qassam Brigades who had grown disillusioned with Hamas and defected to fringe groups. This article examines how Hamas, as part of a new and progressive approach, aimed to rehabilitate these individuals by enrolling them in a prison-based deradicalization program that sought to appeal to a common ideological and religious base in Islam, treating Salafi jihadists as patients rather than as common criminals.
Brenner cites that the kidnapping and murder of an Italian activist illustrates the context in which Hamas has faced increased opposition from Salafi-Jihadi groups, which filled the vacuum left by ...Fateh's exile from Gaza in 2007. During the past decade of its governing the Gaza Strip, Hamas has faced increased opposition from an array of firebrand Salafi-Jihadi groups. This comes as a result of Hamas's changed strategy, from armed struggle to electoral participation and domestic governance. Militants from across the Palestinian arena are disappointed with this change and have reacted by defecting to Salafi-Jihadi groups to be able to continue their struggle. The killing of Italian human rights activist Vittorio Arrigoni in 2011 is an early proof of this development and of the unsustainable political and humanitarian situation that has for too long reigned in Gaza.
Dagens palestinska rättsväsende är ett resultat av de olika rättstraditioner som under årens lopp rått på Västbanken, Gazaremsan och i östra Jerusalem. De statsmakter som under olika perioder har ...administrerat dessa områden – ottomanerna, britterna, jordanierna, egyptierna och israelerna – har var och en på sina sätt satt djupa avtryck i såväl det allmänna rättsmedvetandet som i nu rådande rättsregler. Störst avtryck bland alla dessa har dock en annan ännu tidigare rättstradition gjort: den arabiska sedvanerätten.
Effective coordination is crucial to managing a global network of subsidiaries. Although much has been said on the instruments multinational companies use to control their foreign operations, only ...very little is known on how they develop over time. An empirical longitudinal analysis of 40 multinationals shows that as subsidiaries mature, control strategies need to be adapted. Consequently, headquarters’ executives need to take into account a dynamic perspective on interactive effects of single control instruments when selecting control strategies during the internationalization process.
