In the UK a significant proportion of Multi-Owned Properties (MoPs) – characterised by buildings segmented into individually owned flats – must undergo retrofitting to achieve net zero emissions. ...Despite this requirement, advancement has been minimal, with existing government policy failing to consider a pivotal role of social dynamics among residents in the retrofit decision-making process. This research adopts an innovative perspective grounded in relational sociology, leveraging Viviana A. Zelizer's concept of ‘relational work’ and integrating two of the three types of social relations identified by Hargreaves and Middlemiss' (intimacy and institutions) to dissect the retrofit challenges faced by owners of historic MoPs in South Glasgow, UK. The study reveals that the necessity for heightened relational work among property owners acts as a barrier to retrofit initiative. Nevertheless, it identifies potential pathway to invigorate the retrofit sector by enhancing neighbourly connections and recognising the influential, yet underexplored, role of property managers in facilitating retrofit activities within MoPs. This inquiry not only underscores the significance of social relations in environmental retrofit projects but also suggests a re-evaluation of policy frameworks to accommodate the social intricacies inherent in MoPs, thereby fostering a more conducive environment for achieving net-zero targets.
•Progress is minimal for retrofit in Multi-owned properties (MoPs).•Current policies ignore social dynamics in retrofit decision-making.•Relational sociology holds promise for the retrofit challenge in historic MoPs.•Better connecting key retrofit actors drives retrofit progress in MoPs.
Although complementarity achieved by combining multiple renewable energy sources (RES) is an important method to increase shares of RES, it is often overlooked in policy prescriptions supporting an ...energy transition. Complementarity can be implemented by multiple actors, however there has been little attention to which actors are involved, and their roles. A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the state of academic literature on the topic of combinations of multiple RES and the involvement of multiple associated actors. The sample included 78 articles using a range of methodologies to analyze varying combinations of wind, solar, bioenergy, hydro, geothermal, and ocean energy, alongside combinations of traditional, new, and supporting energy actors. Studies included contextualized (location specific) agent-based, techno-economic, economic, business model, and qualitative analyses, and decontextualized reviews, agent-based, and optimization models. Multi-actor complementarity is being addressed by diverse disciplines in diverse contexts globally, across a range of geographic scales. The majority of studies focus on solar-wind, although more diverse RES combinations were found in contextualized studies. New actors usually participate alongside traditional system actors. More attention to supporting actors is required. Findings highlight the need for further research beyond the technical benefits of combining multiple RES, to explore the roles of various actors. This can be accomplished by incorporating more context in studies, for example, using the substantial existing body of data and research, and by including a greater range of RES combinations, and incorporating more perspectives of associated actors.
•Systematic review to understand actor involvement in complementarity of renewables.•The sample represents diverse disciplines with various methodologies.•The topic is being studied both in and out of geographical context, at varying scales.•Wind and solar were most common, but more diverse combinations are found in context.•Traditional and new actors found across studies; supporting actors require attention.
Context.
Ground-based γ-ray astronomy is still a rather young field of research, with strong historical connections to particle physics. This is why most observations are conducted by experiments ...with proprietary data and analysis software, as is usual in the particle physics field. However, in recent years, this paradigm has been slowly shifting toward the development and use of open-source data formats and tools, driven by upcoming observatories such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this context, a community-driven, shared data format (the
gamma-astro-data-format
, or GADF) and analysis tools such as
Gammapy
and
ctools
have been developed. So far, these efforts have been led by the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope community, leaving out other types of ground-based
γ
-ray instruments.
Aims.
We aim to show that the data from ground particle arrays, such as the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, are also compatible with the GADF and can thus be fully analyzed using the related tools, in this case,
Gammapy.
Methods.
We reproduced several published HAWC results using
Gammapy
and data products compliant with GADF standard. We also illustrate the capabilities of the shared format and tools by producing a joint fit of the Crab spectrum including data from six different
γ
-ray experiments.
Results.
We find excellent agreement with the reference results, a powerful confirmation of both the published results and the tools involved.
Conclusions.
The data from particle detector arrays such as the HAWC observatory can be adapted to the GADF and thus analyzed with
Gammapy.
A common data format and shared analysis tools allow multi-instrument joint analysis and effective data sharing. To emphasize this, a sample of Crab nebula event lists is made public with this paper. Because of the complementary nature of pointing and wide-field instruments, this synergy will be distinctly beneficial for the joint scientific exploitation of future observatories such as the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory and CTA.
Gamma/hadron separation with the HAWC observatory Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Álvarez, J.D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2022, Letnik:
1039
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory observes atmospheric showers produced by incident gamma rays and cosmic rays with energy from 300 GeV to more than 100 TeV. A crucial ...phase in analyzing gamma-ray sources using ground-based gamma-ray detectors like HAWC is to identify the showers produced by gamma rays or hadrons. The HAWC observatory records roughly 25,000 events per second, with hadrons representing the vast majority (>99.9%) of these events. The standard gamma/hadron separation technique in HAWC uses a simple rectangular cut involving only two parameters. This work describes the implementation of more sophisticated gamma/hadron separation techniques, via machine learning methods (boosted decision trees and neural networks), and summarizes the resulting improvements in gamma/hadron separation obtained in HAWC.
The discovery of the TeV point source 2HWC J2006+341 was reported in the second HAWC gamma-ray catalog. We present a follow-up study of this source here. The TeV emission is best described by an ...extended source with a soft spectrum. At GeV energies, an extended source is significantly detected in Fermi-LAT data. The matching locations, sizes, and spectra suggest that both gamma-ray detections correspond to the same source. Different scenarios for the origin of the emission are considered and we rule out an association to the pulsar PSR J2004+3429 due to extreme energetics required, if located at a distance of 10.8 kpc.
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