Materials with an allotropic phase transformation can form microstructures where grains have orientation relationships determined by the transformation history. These microstructures influence the ...final material properties. In zirconium alloys, there is a solid‐state body‐centred cubic (b.c.c.) to hexagonal close‐packed (h.c.p.) phase transformation, where the crystal orientations of the h.c.p. phase can be related to the parent b.c.c. structure via the Burgers orientation relationship (BOR). In the present work, a reconstruction code, developed for steels and which uses a Markov chain clustering algorithm to analyse electron backscatter diffraction maps, is adapted and applied to the h.c.p./b.c.c. BOR. This algorithm is released as open‐source code (via github, as ParentBOR). The algorithm enables new post‐processing of the original and reconstructed data sets to analyse the variants of the h.c.p. α phase that are present and understand shared crystal planes and shared lattice directions within each parent β grain; it is anticipated that this will assist in understanding the transformation‐related deformation properties of the final microstructure. Finally, the ParentBOR code is compared with recently released reconstruction codes implemented in MTEX to reveal differences and similarities in how the microstructure is described.
A method is presented to reconstruct the parent body‐centred cubic microstructure from the child hexagonal close‐packed microstructure in zirconium alloys. This is used to provide post‐processing of the microstructure to understand structural units in the material.
MCwrapper is a set of systems that manages the entire Monte Carlo production workflow for GlueX and provides standards for how that Monte Carlo is produced. MCwrapper was designed to be able to ...utilize a variety of batch systems in a way that is relatively transparent to the user, thus enabling users to quickly and easily produce valid simulated data at home institutions worldwide. Additionally, MCwrapper supports an autonomous system that takes user’s project submissions via a custom web application. The system then atomizes the project into individual jobs, matches these jobs to resources, and monitors the jobs status. The entire system is managed by a database which tracks almost all facets of the systems from user submissions to the individual jobs themselves. Users can interact with their submitted projects online via a dashboard or, in the case of testing failure, can modify their project requests from a link contained in an automated email. Beginning in 2018 the GlueX Collaboration began to utilize the Open Science Grid (OSG) to handle a bulk of simulation tasks; these tasks are currently being performed on the OSG automatically via MCwrapper. This talk will outline the entire system of MCwrapper, its use cases, and the unique challenges facing the system.
Latest results from GlueX Britton, Thomas
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2019, Letnik:
199
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The GlueX experiment is housed in the newest experimental hall at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia. It was successfully commissioned in 2015 and is in its ...third year of data taking. GlueX uses a 12 GeV electron beam incident on a diamond radiator, producing a linearly polarized, coherent Bremsstrahlung photon beam. The ultimate goal of GlueX is to search for exotic hybrid mesons (e.g.
qq̄g
), with either exotic or conventional quantum numbers, whose existence, or lack thereof, would allow for the exploration of the gluon-gluon coupling present in QCD through the manifestation of hadrons with gluonic degrees of freedom. Photo-production at these energies is fairly unexplored and the linear beam polarization allows GlueX to discriminate between various production mechanisms which may be an effective way to identify such exotic hybrid mesons. In addition to exotic mesons, GlueX will also be poised to map out the conventional meson spectrum and to study the spectrum of excited vector mesons, which are often poorly understood. In these proceedings, we will present an overview of the GlueX experiment, its goals, current physics results, and future plans.
Hydra is a system utilizing computer vision for near real-time data quality monitoring. Currently operational across all of Jefferson Lab’s experimental halls, it reduces the workload of shift takers ...by autonomously monitoring diagnostic plots during experiments. Hydra uses "off-the-shelf" supervised learning technologies and is supported by a comprehensive MySQL database. To simplify access, web apps have been developed to facilitate both labeling and monitoring of Hydra’s inferences. Hydra can connect with the alarm system and incorporates complete historical tracking, enabling it to identify issues that shift takers could miss. When issues are detected, a natural first question is: "Why does Hydra think there is a problem?" To answer, Hydra employs Gradient-weighted Class Activation Maps (GradCAM) to identify regions of the image that are important for the specific classification. This interpretive layer enhances transparency and trustworthiness, which is essential for integration with experiment workflows and operation. The Hydra system, results, and sociological considerations for deployment will be discussed.
While phantom limb pain is a well-recognized phenomenon, clinical experience has suggested that the augmentation of phantom limb pain with visceral stimulation is an issue for many military personnel ...with amputation (visceral stimulation being the sensation of the bowel or bladder either filling or evacuating). However, the prevalence of this phenomenon is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the alteration in phantom limb pain and the effect that visceral stimulation has on phantom limb pain intensity. A cross-sectional study of 75 military personnel who have lost one or both lower limbs completed a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of the alteration of phantom limb pain with visceral stimulation. Included in the questionnaire was a pain visual analog scale (VAS) graded from 0 to 10. Patients recorded the presence and intensity of phantom limb pain. They also recorded whether and how this pain altered with a need to micturate or micturition, and/or a need to defecate or defecation, again using a pain VAS. Time since amputation, level of amputation, and medications were also recorded. Patients reported a phantom limb pain prevalence of 85% with a mean VAS of 3.6. In all, 56% of patients reported a change in the severity of phantom limb pain with visceral stimuli. The mean increase in VAS for visceral stimulation was 2.5 +/- 1.6 for bladder stimulation and 2.9 +/- 2.0 for bowel stimulation. Of the patients questioned, 65% reported an improvement in symptoms over time. VAS scores were highest in the subgroup less than 6 mo postamputation. An increase in phantom limb pain with visceral stimulation is a common problem for military personnel with amputation.
Breast cancer-related lymphoedema of the arm (BCRL) results from impaired lymph drainage after axillary surgery. Little is known about lymphatic changes in the arm between surgery and oedema onset. ...We measured forearm muscle and subcutis lymph drainage in 36 women at 7 and 30 months after surgery by quantitative lymphoscintigraphy. None had BCRL initially but 19% had BCRL by 30 months. At 7 months muscle and subcutis drainage in both arms of BCRL-destined women exceeded that of non-BCRL women (P < 0.01). Muscle lymph drainage always exceeded subcutis drainage (P < 0.0001). Muscle lymph drainage in the ipsilateral arm was unimpaired relative to the contralateral arm. BCRL therefore developed in women with higher peripheral lymph flows. The major lymphatic load was generated by muscle; there was no pre-BCRL lymphatic impairment in the muscle of the ipsilateral arm. We propose that some women have a defined, constitutive predisposition to secondary lymphoedema. Specifically, women with higher filtration rates, and therefore higher lymph flows through the axilla that are closer to the maximum sustainable, are at greater risk of BCRL following axillary trauma, even following removal of 1-2 nodes.
Dual orthosteric agonists of metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) and mGlu3 receptors are being developed as novel antipsychotic agents devoid of the adverse effects of conventional antipsychotics. ...Therefore, these drugs could be helpful for the treatment of psychotic symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In experimental animals, the antipsychotic activity of mGlu2/3 receptor agonists is largely mediated by the activation of mGlu2 receptors and is mimicked by selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu2 receptors. We investigated the distinct influence of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in mixed and pure neuronal cultures exposed to synthetic β-amyloid protein (Aβ) to model neurodegeneration occurring in AD. The mGlu2 receptor PAM, N-4'-cyano-biphenyl-3-yl)-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-ethanesulfonamide hydrochloride (LY566332), devoid of toxicity per se, amplified Aβ-induced neurodegeneration, and this effect was prevented by the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist (2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(9-xanthylmethyl)-2-(2'-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (LY341495). LY566332 potentiated Aβ toxicity regardless of the presence of glial mGlu3 receptors, but it was inactive when neurons lacked mGlu2 receptors. The dual mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, (-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo3.1.0exhane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY379268), was neuroprotective in mixed cultures via a paracrine mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-β1. LY379268 lost its protective activity in neurons grown with astrocytes lacking mGlu3 receptors, indicating that protection against Aβ neurotoxicity was mediated entirely by glial mGlu3 receptors. The selective noncompetitive mGlu3 receptor antagonist, (3S)-1-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-3-amine methanesulfonate hydrate (LY2389575), amplified Aβ toxicity on its own, and, interestingly, unmasked a neurotoxic activity of LY379268, which probably was mediated by the activation of mGlu2 receptors. These data indicate that selective potentiation of mGlu2 receptors enhances neuronal vulnerability to Aβ, whereas dual activation of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors is protective against Aβ-induced toxicity.
AI Enabled Data Quality Monitoring with Hydra Britton, Thomas; Lawrence, David; Rajput, Kishansingh
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2021, Letnik:
251
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data quality monitoring is critical to all experiments impacting the quality of any physics results. Traditionally, this is done through an alarm system, which detects low level faults, leaving ...higher level monitoring to human crews. Artificial Intelligence is beginning to find its way into scientific applications, but comes with difficulties, relying on the acquisition of new skill sets, either through education or acquisition, in data science. This paper will discuss the development and deployment of the Hydra monitoring system in production at Gluex. It will show how “off-the-shelf” technologies can be rapidly developed, as well as discuss what sociological hurdles must be overcome to successfully deploy such a system. Early results from production running of Hydra will also be shared as well as a future outlook for development of Hydra.
There is substantial evidence that glutamate can modulate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine
2A
(5-HT
2A
) receptor activation through stimulation of metabotropic glutamate
2/3
(mGlu
2/3
) receptors ...in the prefrontal cortex. Here we show that constitutive deletion of the mGlu
2
gene profoundly attenuates an effect of 5-HT
2A
receptor activation using the mouse head twitch response (HTR). MGlu
2
and mGlu
3
receptor knockout (KO) as well as age-matched ICR (CD-1) wild type (WT) mice were administered (±)1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and observed for head twitch activity. DOI failed to produce significant head twitches in mGlu
2
receptor KO mice at a dose 10-fold higher than the peak effective dose in WT or mGlu
3
receptor KO mice. In addition, the mGlu
2/3
receptor agonist LY379268, and the mGlu
2
receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) CBiPES, potently blocked the HTR to DOI in WT and mGlu
3
receptor KO mice. Conversely, the mGlu
2/3
receptor antagonist LY341495 (10 mg/kg) increased the HTR produced by DOI (3 mg/kg) in mGlu
3
receptor KO mice. Finally, the mGlu
2
receptor potentiator CBiPES was able to attenuate the increase in the HTR produced by LY341495 in mGlu
3
receptor KO mice. Taken together, all of these results are consistent with the hypothesis that that DOI-induced head twitches are modulated by mGlu
2
receptor activation. These results also are in keeping with a critical autoreceptor function for mGlu
2
receptors in the prefrontal cortex with differential effects of acute vs. chronic perturbation (e.g., constitutive mGlu
2
receptor KO mice). The robust attenuation of DOI-induced head twitches in the mGlu
2
receptor KO mice appears to reflect the critical role of glutamate in ongoing regulation of 5-HT
2A
receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Future experiments with inducible knockouts for the mGlu
2
receptor and/or selective mGlu
3
receptor agonists/PAMs/antagonists could provide an important tools in understanding glutamatergic modulation of prefrontal cortical 5-HT
2A
receptor function.
AI Driven Experiment Calibration and Control Britton, Thomas; Bedwell, Cullan; Chawhan, Abhijeet ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
2024, Letnik:
295
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
One critical step on the path from data taking to physics analysis is calibration. For many experiments this step is both time consuming and computationally expensive. The AI Experimental Calibration ...and Control project seeks to address these issues, starting first with the GlueX Central Drift Chamber (CDC). We demonstrate the ability of a Gaussian Process to estimate the gain correction factor (GCF) of the GlueX CDC accurately, and also the uncertainty of this estimate. Using the estimated GCF, the developed system infers a new high voltage (HV) setting that stabilizes the GCF in the face of changing environmental conditions. This happens in near real time during data taking and produces data which are already approximately gain-calibrated, eliminating the cost of performing those calibrations which vary ±15% with fixed HV. We also demonstrate an implementation of an uncertainty aware system which exploits a key feature of a Gaussian process.
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