The motivation for this thesis is rooted in the problems arising from the lack of a single theoretical framework within which to assimilate different analytical methods; whether they are applied to ...an individual work, compositions embracing an underlying common practice or to the study of stylistically remote pieces. By devising a series of logical axioms and definitions, collectively referred to as a metatheory and situating them - as an expression of the neutral level originally proposed by Jean Molino - in the context of the semiological tripartition, it is found that the metatheory can be used to construct aspects of existing music theories. The precise extent to which a specific theory of music can be derived from the metatheory is not considered, but the many examples used to illustrate the application of metatheoretical logic to music analysis clearly demonstrate that meaning can only be ascribed to the structural configurations so determined if the poietic and esthesic dimensions of the tripartition are invoked as a means of distinguishing the actual from the logically possible. It is in this sense that logic is found to be limited. Two important consequences follow from this conceptual framework. Firstly, the involvement of the poietic and esthesic dimensions in the final analysis potentially enables many diverse theories to be derived from the metatheory, thereby preserving the important differences that exist between analytical methods. Secondly, the whole notion of a text-centred theory of music is challenged since the importance of the poietic and esthesic dimensions to the provision of meaning is such that these dimensions can theoretically overwhelm the configurations established within the text by the application of logic.
The distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in sediments of the mid Cretaceous from the western Anglo-Paris Basin are examined. Samples were collated from a range of facies types (i.e. basin ...margin-central basin), but particular emphasis was placed on those which represented deposition around the basin margins.
For over a century, the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard (1813-55) has been at the center of a number of important discussions, concerning not only philosophy and theology, but also, more recently, ...fields such as social thought, psychology, and contemporary aesthetics, especially literary theory.
Despite his relatively short life, Kierkegaard was an extraordinarily prolific writer, as attested to by the 26-volume Princeton University Press edition of all of his published writings. But Kierkegaard left behind nearly as much unpublished writing, most of which consists of what are called his "journals and notebooks." Kierkegaard has long been recognized as one of history's great journal keepers, but only rather small portions of his journals and notebooks are what we usually understand by the term "diaries." By far the greater part of Kierkegaard's journals and notebooks consists of reflections on a myriad of subjects-philosophical, religious, political, personal. Studying his journals and notebooks takes us into his workshop, where we can see his entire universe of thought. We can witness the genesis of his published works, to be sure-but we can also see whole galaxies of concepts, new insights, and fragments, large and small, of partially (or almost entirely) completed but unpublished works.Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooksenables us to see the thinker in dialogue with his times and with himself.
Kierkegaard wrote his journals in a two-column format, one for his initial entries and the second for the extensive marginal comments that he added later. This edition of the journals reproduces this format, includes several photographs of original manuscript pages, and contains extensive scholarly commentary on the various entries and on the history of the manuscripts being reproduced.
Volume 8 of this 11-volume series includes five of Kierkegaard's important "NB" journals (Journals NB21 through NB25), which cover the period from September 1850 to June 1852, and which show Kierkegaard alternately in polemical and reflective postures.
The polemics emerge principally in Kierkegaard's opposition to the increasing infiltration of Christianity by worldly concerns, a development that in his view had accelerated significantly in the aftermath of the political and social changes wrought by the Revolution of 1848. Kierkegaard understood the corrupting of Christianity to be in the interest of the powers that be, and he directed his criticism at politicians, the press, and especially the Danish Church itself, particularly church officials who claimed to be "reformers."
On the reflective side, Kierkegaard delves into a number of authors and religious figures, some of them for the first time, including Montaigne, Pascal, Seneca, Savonarola, Wesley, and F. W. Newman. These journals also contain Kierkegaard's thoughts on the decisions surrounding the publication of the "Anti-Climacus" writings:The Sickness unto Deathand especiallyPractice in Christianity.
Kierkegaard's reader gets the sense both of a gathering storm-by the close of the last journal in this volume, the famous "attack on Christendom" is less than three years away-and a certain hesitancy: What needs reforming, Kierkegaard insists, is not "the doctrine" or "the Church," but "existences," i.e., lives.
The Logic of Political Survival Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de; Smith, Alastair; Siverson, Randolph M ...
2003, 2005, 2005-01-14, 20030101, Letnik:
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eBook, Book
The authors of this ambitious book address a fundamental political question: why are leaders who produce peace and prosperity turned out of office while those who preside over corruption, war, and ...misery endure? Considering this political puzzle, they also answer the related economic question of why some countries experience successful economic development and others do not. The authors construct a provocative theory on the selection of leaders and present specific formal models from which their central claims can be deduced. They show how political leaders allocate resources and how institutions for selecting leaders create incentives for leaders to pursue good and bad public policy. They also extend the model to explain the consequences of war on political survival. Throughout the book, they provide illustrations from history, ranging from ancient Sparta to Vichy France, and test the model against statistics gathered from cross-national data. The authors explain the political intuition underlying their theory in nontechnical language, reserving formal proofs for chapter appendixes. They conclude by presenting policy prescriptions based on what has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically.
Risk factors for chronic pain up to 9months after breast cancer surgery include younger age, psychological vulnerability, axillary clearance surgery, and severe acute postoperative pain.
Chronic ...postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a common postoperative adverse event affecting up to half of women undergoing breast cancer surgery, yet few epidemiological studies have prospectively investigated the role of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for pain onset and chronicity. We prospectively investigated preoperative sociodemographic and psychological factors, intraoperative clinical factors, and acute postoperative pain in a prospective cohort of 362 women undergoing surgery for primary breast cancer. Intraoperative nerve handling (division or preservation) of the intercostobrachial nerve was recorded. At 4 and 9months after surgery, incidence of chronic painful symptoms not present preoperatively was 68% and 63%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that multiple psychological factors and nerve division was associated with chronic pain at 4 and 9months. In a multivariate model, independent predictors of CPSP at 4months included younger age and acute postoperative pain (odds ratio OR 1.34, 95% confidence interval CI 1.12 to 1.60), whereas preoperative psychological robustness (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.99), a composite variable comprising high dispositional optimism, high positive affect, and low emotional distress, was protective. At 9months, younger age, axillary node clearance (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.09 to 8.06), and severity of acute postoperative pain (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.37) were predictive of pain persistence. Of those with CPSP, 25% experienced moderate to severe pain and 40% were positive on Douleur Neuropathique 4 and Self-Complete Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scales. Overall, a high proportion of women report painful symptoms, altered sensations, and numbness in the upper body within the first 9months after resectional breast surgery and cancer treatment.
Leaders face multiple threats to their political survival. In addition to surviving the threats to tenure from within the existing political systems, which is modeled using Bueno de Mesquita and ...colleagues' (2003) selectorate theory, leaders risk being deposed through revolutions and coups. To ameliorate the threat of revolution, leaders can either increase public goods provisions to buy off potential revolutionaries or contract the provision of those public goods, such as freedom of assembly, transparency, and free press, which enable revolutionaries to coordinate. Which response a leader chooses depends upon existing institutions and the structure of government finances. These factors also affect the likelihood and direction of institutional change. Tests of leader survival indicate that revolutionary threats increase the likelihood of deposition for nondemocratic leaders. Leaders with access to resources such as foreign aid or natural resource rents are best equipped to survive these threats and avoid the occurrence of these threats in the first place.
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