The stock‐specific distribution of maturing salmon in the North Pacific has been a persistent information gap that has prevented us from determining the ocean conditions experienced by individual ...stocks. This continues to impede understanding of the role of ocean conditions in stock‐specific population dynamics. We assessed scale archives for 17 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks covering the entire North Pacific, from the Columbia River (Washington State and British Columbia) to Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia), to infer salmon locations during their last growing season before returning to their spawning grounds. The approach used, first pioneered in salmon stocks in the Atlantic, relies on the relationship between temporal changes in δ13C in salmon scales and sea surface temperature to estimate salmon distribution based on correlation strength. An advantage of this approach is that it does not require fish sampling at sea, but relies on existing fishery agency collections of salmon scales. Significant correlations were found for 7 of the stocks allowing us to propose plausible feeding grounds. Complementary information from δ15N, historical tagging studies, and connectivity analysis were used to further refine distribution estimates. This study is a first step toward estimating stock‐specific distributions of salmon in the North Pacific and provides a basis for the application of the approach to other salmon scale archives. This information has the potential to improve our ability to relate stock dynamics to ocean conditions, ultimately enabling improved stock management. For example, our estimated distributions of Bristol Bay and NE Pacific stocks demonstrated that they occupy different areas with a number of the former being distributed in the high productivity shelf waters of the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. This may explain why these stocks seem to have responded differently to changes in ocean conditions, and the long‐term trend of increased productivity of Bristol Bay sockeye.
Stock‐specific salmon high seas distribution is largely unknown. We used the correlation between sea temperature and stable isotope ratio in scales of 17 salmon stocks to estimate their distributions during their last year at sea. This has resulted in a better comprehension of salmon migration routes, differences in stock productivity trends over large areas (e.g., Bristol Bay vs Northeast Pacific) and differences in productivity of stocks with geographically close spawning grounds.
Abstract
To date, in the production and management of the food industry, the mathematical foundations of solving problems according to one criterion (one-criterion optimization) have been well ...studied. However, in various areas of engineering solutions, there are multicriteria problems in which a system or process must be optimized according to several criteria simultaneously. Since individual criteria usually conflict with each other, as a rule, no set of input parameters would achieve the optimum of all criteria simultaneously. In this regard, there is uncertainty in the choice of the optimal solution and the complexity of the choice of a specific mathematical method. The authors have made a brief review of publications devoted to the application of multicriteria optimization in food production. As a result, it turned out that in most of the reviewed publications, a preliminary examination of the problem was not carried out, and the solution method was chosen according to the principle of the greatest simplicity. At the same time, it is known that there is no universal method for solving multicriteria problems and the use of each algorithm is associated with rather strict restrictions and assumptions. In this regard, the authors dedicated this work to the presentation of a typical information technology for solving a multi-criteria production problem in the food industry using standard means of computer mathematics - the MathCad system, taking into account all methodological recommendations. As an example, the problem of multicriteria optimization of the process of melting ostrich fat was considered, the conditions of which were taken from an open source. As a result, the optimal parameters of the process were found in the presence of two and three criteria of optimality. The described technology can be used as a basis for solving other multi-criteria optimization problems of food production.
Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas (RpLMS) are highly aggressive tumors, which are characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting tumor-specific molecular pathways have become ...a rapidly expanding field in drug development to increase efficacy of treatment of LMS. Here we present a case report of rapidly progressive RpLMS with gene mutations of key molecular pathways, which have not previously described in the literature. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and fever. Radiological examination revealed retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, which was histologically confirmed by core-biopsy. The patient underwent radical (R0) en-bloc resection of tumor with left hemicolectomy, left total nephrectomy, left total adrenalectomy and distal subtotal pancreatectomy. Pathological assessment of the tumor revealed G3 leiomyosarcoma. The patient did not receive adjuvant therapy. Disease progression (local recurrence and pulmonary metastases) occurred 3 months after surgery, and the patient died 6 months after surgery. Immunohistochemical study revealed positive PD -L1 expression in tumor cells. The percentage of PD -L1- expressing cells was 30 %. Molecular-genetic testing allowed identification of somatic mutations in genes, such as PIK3CA, ALK, EGFR, ERBB, ESR1 and PD GFRA and confirmation of microsatellite stable status (MSS) of the tumor. Further studies to investigate spectrum of mutations in RpLMS are of great interest, since they can allow identification of potential targets for more effective antitumor therapy and to improve treatment results.
A mathematical model of the process of extraction of vegetable oil by an organic solvent for a separate section of the extractor with irrigation has been developed. The model is intended for the ...synthesis of an automatic control system. A description of the change in the oil concentration in the oilcake along the length of the extraction section and in the miscella for a steady-state operation is obtained. And a system of independent differential equations with a delayed argument is obtained that connects deviations from the nominal oil concentrations in the oilcake and miscella at the outlet of the section with flow deviations and oil concentrations at the inlet of the section. The transition from partial differential equations to equations with a delayed argument will reduce the time spent on calculating the adjustable parameters of the control system during its synthesis.
The diffuse scattering of body-centered cubic β-Ti–V was measured using high-energy synchrotron X-rays and two-dimensional detectors. The study included in situ experiments of the equilibrium β-phase ...and room temperature measurements of the quenched metastable state. The kinematical X-ray scattering revealed details in reciprocal space that could not be detected by the electron diffraction employed in previous studies. The signal was analyzed using a statistical thermodynamic approach based on physically motivated parameters. The characteristic features attributed to an ω-like structure or a “diffuse ω-phase” in the past are explained by static lattice distortions due to atomic size mismatch.
Background.
Leiomyosarcoma is one of the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas. Radical surgical resection with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy remain the most effective treatment approach. ...Immunotherapy based on inhibition of PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) or its receptor PD1 (programmed death 1) is considered a promising treatment option. Level of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and presence of microsatellite instability (МSI) could be considered prognostic and predictive markers of disease progression and effectiveness of immunotherapy.
The study objective
is to determine PD-L1 expression level and МSI status in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas and evaluate their effect on overall and recurrence-free survival.
Materials and methods.
The study included 57 patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas who underwent surgical or combination treatment. Analysis of clinical and morphological characteristics was performed; results of surgical treatment were researched. Evaluation of PD-L1 expression and MSI status was performed using immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis.
Results.
PD-L1 expression and MSI status were evaluated in 41 patients of 57. In 10 (24 %) of 41 cases, positive PD-L1 expression was observed (expression level 3–50 %). In 1 (2.4 %) patient, the primary tumor and metastatic lesion had low MSI level (MSI-low, MSI-L). Median follow-up was 31 months. In patients with positive PD-L1 expression, higher Ki-67 proliferative index was observed compared to patients with PD-L1 negative tumors (58.8 and 47.8 % respectively; р = 0.02), as well as significantly lower median overall survival for grade II tumors (30 and 105 months; p = 0.043). In grade III leiomyosarcomas, a trend towards lower median overall survival in patients with PD-L1‑negative tumors (31.0 months) compared to patients with PD-L1 expression (61.2 months) (р = 0.11) was observed.
Conclusion.
Among patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas, positive expression of PD-L1 was observed in 24 % (10 / 41) of cases and MSI-low status was found in 2.4 % (1 / 41) of cases. In patients with grade 2 tumors, positive PD-L1 expression is associated with significantly lower overall survival. PD-L1 expression in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas could be considered a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
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