The paper analyses the most important changes that were introduced into the Croatian criminal procedure with the Act on Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act of 2022. This Act is marked by the ...aspiration to modernise the criminal procedure through the introduction of electronic communication between the authority of the criminal procedure and its participants, the expansion of the possibility of holding remote hearings, and the mandatory sound recording of the trial. All these changes have opened some important questions related to the way our criminal justice currently works, as well as in relation to its ability to adapt to the targeted changes, but also the compliance of the changes themselves with some other procedural rules and the fundamental rights of the procedural participants, primarily the defendant. With the aim of speeding up the procedure, the Act also includes a ban on the double quashing of the first-instance judgment, in connection with which there was quite an uproar among the professional public. The paper argues why the changes made by the Act were necessary, but also warns of certain shortcomings of the proposed solutions.
Current article takes a closer look at the dialogue between the Strasbourg and the Luxembourg courts on the interpretation of the ne bis in idem principle and analyses how it influenced the ...(non)acceptance of the possibility to conduct both, criminal and administrative penal proceedings, against the same person for the same acts. It starts with the pre-Zolotukhin jurisprudence of the European Court for Human Rights and analyses how the Luxembourg interpretation of Article 54 CISA had a major influence on the change in the way the Strasbourg court perceived the possibility to conduct both, criminal and administrative penal proceedings, against the same person for the same acts. It further explores how the Luxembourg court followed the way indicated by Zolotukhin and accepted the stance of the Strasbourg court on the possibility of duplication of criminal and administrative penal proceedings against the same person for the same acts under the ne bis in idem protection afforded to individuals by Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Finally, it analyses whether the recent shift in the Strasbourg court's jurisprudence, which was also followed by the Luxembourg court, means that the ne bis in idem principle in European criminal law has, on the question of the duplication of criminal and administrative penal proceedings, basically come to the positions which were dominant in the pre-Zolotukhin jurisprudence.
The article gives an analysis of the judgment of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in the case Ibrahim and others v. the United Kingdom. The analysis is put in the context of ...standards that the Court established in its Salduz judgment andfurther developed in its post-Salduz jurisprudence. The author presents and analysis the way in which the Court interpreted the Salduz standards in the instant case, focusing on the standard of "compelling reasons" and the relationship between the use of the statements given in the absence of a lawyer and the fairness of the proceedings as a whole. The central part of the article is dedicated to the critique of the way in which the Court applied these standards to the circumstances of this particular case. The author offers counter-arguments to Court's findings both in relation to the question whether compelling reasons to restrict the right of access to a lawyer existed in this case, as well as the question of the fairness of the trial as a whole.
U studenom 2015. istječe rok za transponiranje odredaba Direktive
o uspostavi minimalnih standarda za prava, potporu i zaštitu žrtava
kaznenih djela u kaznenopravne sustave država članica. Radi ...transponiranja
odredaba te Direktive u hrvatski pravni sustav potrebno je izmijeniti
i odredbe ZKP-a koje se odnose na žrtvu. U radu se, nakon što
se opisuje sve veći utjecaj kaznenog prava EU-a na razvoj prava žrtava
kaznenih djela, koji je kulminirao donošenjem Direktive, prikazuju i
analiziraju najvažnije odredbe Nacrta Prijedloga Zakona o izmjenama
i dopunama ZKP-a iz srpnja 2015. koje se odnose na žrtvu kaznenog
djela. Posebna je pozornost posvećena analizi nekoliko problemskih
cjelina: defi niranju pojma žrtve kaznenog djela i jasnom i dosljednom
razgraničenju tog pojma od pojma oštećenika, širenju prava žrtava kaznenih
djela, uvođenju postupka obvezne pojedinačne procjene za sve
žrtve kaznenih djela te širenju prava oštećenika na tumačenje i prevođenje
u kaznenom postupku. U zaključku se iznosi završna ocjena u
Nacrtu predloženih odredaba u kojoj se njihova opravdanost sagledava
iz aspekata osnovnih tendencija koje određuju suvremeno uređenje položaja
žrtve u kaznenom postupku te interesa drugih sudionika kaznenog
postupka – državnih tijela i posebno okrivljenika i njegove obrane.
Conditional deferral (and withdrawal) of criminal prosecution is a typical institution of negotiated criminal justice. It is usually applied in relation to less serious criminal offences with the aim ...to relieve the court system workload and humanise the treatment of the offender. This institution was introduced into the Croatian criminal justice system more than 20 years ago. Despite such a long presence within the system, it has never acquired the status of an important and widely applied institution. Quite the contrary, its application in practice is quite scarce. In order to identify possible reasons for this at the normative level, the authors have undertaken a comparative legal analysis of said institution. Main characteristics of conditional deferral (and withdrawal) of criminal prosecution in Croatia have been compared with the main characteristics of identical or equivalent institutions in five other jurisdictions: Austria, Germany, Italy, England, and France. Special attention has been devoted to five highlighted issues: the goal(s) of the institution, the offences in relation to which it may be applied, the role of the court, the rights of the defendant, and the position of the victim.
This paper analyses the procedural position of “collaborators of justice” – (potential) suspects or defendants who choose to cooperate with the authorities by contributing to the detection and ...prosecution of other serious crimes and perpetrators, primarily by testifying before the court. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of consensual forms and measures of reward for collaborators of justice in comparative law and then to analyse the legal position of a crown witness and a person granted witness immunity, as “collaborators of justice”, in Croatian criminal procedural law. The study is conducted through a comparative legal perspective and with regard to certain issues that have so far been problematised in the scientific and professional literature and in domestic jurisprudence, and which include: the specific goal of these consensual forms and the application of the principle of proportionality, the discretion of the state attorney and judicial control, the procedural and defence rights, and, finally, victims’ rights. Special attention is given to an analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia and its legal standards, particularly concerning certain issues of the legality of the examination of a crown witness, as well as the legality of examination of a person granted witness immunity.
U radu se analiziraju najvažnije novosti koje su u hrvatski kazneni postupak uvedene sa Zakonom o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o kaznenom postupku iz 2022. godine. Taj zakon obilježava težnja za ...modernizacijom kaznenog postupka kroz uvođenje elektroničke komunikacije između tijela kaznenog postupka i njegovih sudionika, širenje mogućnosti održavanja ročišta na daljinu i obvezno tonsko snimanje rasprave. Sve te promjene otvorile su neka važna pitanja vezana uz način na koji naše kazneno pravosuđe trenutačno djeluje, kao i uz njegovu sposobnost da se ciljanim promjenama prilagodi, ali i uz usklađenostsamih promjena s nekim drugim procesnim pravilima i temeljnim pravima procesnih sudionika, prije svega okrivljenika. S ciljem ubrzanja postupka u zakon je ugrađena i zabrana dvostrukog ukidanja prvostupanjske presude, u vezi s kojom se podigla poprilična bura u stručnoj javnosti. U radu se argumentira zbog čega su promjene koje donosi ZIDZKP/22 bile nužne, ali se upozorava i na određene nedomišljenosti i druge manjkavosti predloženih rješenja.
The paper analyses the most important changes that were introduced into the Croatian criminal procedure with the Act on Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act of 2022. This Act is marked by the aspiration to modernise the criminal procedure through the introduction of electronic communication between the authority of the criminal procedure and its participants, the expansion of the possibility of holding remote hearings, and the mandatory sound recording of the trial. All these changes have opened some important questions related to the way our criminal justice currently works, as well as in relation to its ability to adapt to the targeted changes, but also the compliance of the changes themselves with some other procedural rules and the fundamental rights of the procedural participants, primarily the defendant. With the aim of speeding up the procedure, the Act also includes a ban on the double quashing of the first-instance judgment, in connection with which there was quite an uproar among the professional public. The paper argues why the changes made by the Act were necessary, but also warns of certain shortcomings of the proposed solutions.
Sve važnije mjesto u okvirima Europske unije ima pravosudna suradnja u kaznenim stvarima. Kroz mehanizme te suradnje Uniju se nastoji pretvoriti u jedinstveno područje “slobode, sigurnosti i pravde”. ...Važno je mjesto u okvirima tog procesa i prihvaćanje zajedničkih standarda u primjeni načela ne bis in idem. S obzirom na različitost u pravnom uređenju i primjeni načela u domaćim pravnim porecima država članica, ovo nije ni malo lak zadatak. Nakon uvodnih napomena o načelu i prikazu pravnih izvora u kojima je u europskom pravu regulirano, u radu se daje pregled prakse Europskog suda koji ima ključnu ulogu u definiranju načela i standarda za njegovu jedinstvenu primjenu u prostoru Unije. Završno se u kratkom osvrtu analizira usklađenost hrvatskog prava sa zahtjevima transnacionalnog europskog ne bis in idem.
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