Bagasse-derived hierarchical structured carbon (BDHSC) with tunable porosity and improved electrochemical performance is prepared via simple and efficient hydrothermal carbonization combined with KOH ...activation. Experimental results show that sewage sludge acts as a cheap and efficient structure-directing agent to regulate the morphology, adjust the porosity, and thus improve the supercapacitive performance of BDHSC. The as-resulted BDHSC exhibits an interconnected framework with high specific surface area (2296 m2 g−1), high pore volume (1.34 cm3 g−1), and hierarchical porosity, which offer a more favorable pathway for electrolyte penetration and transportation. Compared to the product obtained from bagasse without sewage sludge, the unique interconnected BDHSC exhibits enhanced supercapacitive performances such as higher specific capacitance (320 F g−1), and better rate capability (capacitance retention over 70.8% at a high current density of 50 A g−1). Moreover, the BDHSC-based symmetric supercapacitor delivers a maximum energy density of over 20 Wh kg−1 at 182 W kg−1 and presents an excellent long-term cycling stability. The developed approach in the present work can be useful not only in production of a variety of novel hierarchical structured carbon with promising applications in high-performance energy storage devices, but also in high-value utilization of biomass wastes and high-ash-content sewage sludge.
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•Bagasse-derived hierarchical structured carbon (BDHSC) was synthesized.•Sewage sludge was employed to regulate the morphology and porosity of BDHSC.•The BDHSC-based electrode exhibits excellent supercapacitive performance.
A facile one-step pyrolysis route for the synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) derived from Moringa oleifera stems (MOSs) is reported, in which no post-activation-process in ...needed. The as-prepared PCNSs possesses unique porous nanosheet morphology with high specific surface area of ca. 2250 m2 g−1, large pore volume of ca. 2.3 cm3 g−1, appropriate porosity as well as heteroatom doping (N and O), endowing outstanding electrochemical properties as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. The PCNS-based electrodes are investigated in various aqueous electrolytes including 1.0 M Na2SO4, 1.0 M H2SO4, and 6.0 M KOH. The PCNSs exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of ca. 283 F g−1 (0.5 A g−1), excellent rate capability (ca. 72% of capacitance retention even at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A g−1), and a tremendous long-term cycling stability in the three-electrode system. Moreover, the as-assembled PCNS-based symmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of ca. 25.8 Wh kg−1 (in 1.0 M Na2SO4 electrolyte) and remarkable long-term cycling stability (almost no capacitance fade in aqueous electrolytes), indicating the promising of the as-prepared PCNSs for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
A facile one-step pyrolysis strategy is designed to synthesize hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) with unique two-dimensional nanosheet structure, high specific surface area, and outstanding electrochemical properties for high-performance electric double-layer capacitors. Display omitted
•Porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) are prepared by a facile one-step method.•No post-activation-process is needed for PCNS synthesis.•The PCNSs presents large surface area and abundant nitrogen content.•The PCNSs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in aqueous electrolytes.
The development of an effective route to high-performance carbonaceous electrode materials derived from low-cost biomass is critical but remains challenging for supercapacitors. Here we propose a new ...and cost-effective way to produce chitosan-based hierarchical porous carbons by the union of hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation. The key to this preparation strategy is the utilization of acetic acid as an additive for hydrothermal carbonization, which not only favors the construction of a conducive environment for accessibility of activator KOH, but also leads to the formation of a rigid semi-carbonized framework substrate for generating an ultrahighly porous structure. Thus, our synthetic approach allows for a lower amount of activation agent and lower heating temperature when compared with normal chemical activation techniques, providing a more efficient way to produce ultrahigh-surface-area carbon materials. The as-prepared hierarchical porous carbon possesses a unique honeycomb-like framework and the highest BET surface area of 3532 m 2 g −1 among all the carbon materials derived from chitosan. The combination of the hierarchical pore structure for rapid ion diffusion and the ultrahigh surface area for sufficient electrochemically active sites significantly improves the material's capacitive behaviors. An unusually high capacitance of 455 F g −1 , an excellent cycling stability with 99% capacity retention over 20 000 cycles in KOH aqueous electrolyte, and a high energy density of 20.6 W h kg −1 at a power density of 226.8 W kg −1 in 1.8 V Na 2 SO 4 aqueous supercapacitors have been obtained, demonstrating that the chitosan-based hierarchical porous carbons developed here are very attractive for application in supercapacitors.
In this paper, we demonstrate that Moringa oleifera branches, a renewable biomass waste with abundant protein content, can be employed as novel precursor to synthesize three-dimensional ...heteroatom-doped and hierarchical egg-box-like carbons (HEBLCs) by a facile room-temperature pretreatment and direct pyrolysis process. The as-prepared HEBLCs possess unique egg-box-like frameworks, high surface area, and interconnected porosity as well as the doping of heteroatoms (oxygen and nitrogen), endowing its excellent electrochemical performances (superior capacity, high rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability). Therefore, the resultant HEBLC manifests a maximum specific capacitance of 355 F g–1 at current density of 0.5 A g–1 and remarkable rate performance. Moreover, 95% of capacitance retention of HEBLCs can be also achieved after 20 000 charge–discharge cycles at an extremely high current density (20 A g–1), indicating a prominent cycling stability. Furthermore, the as-assembled HEBLC//HEBLC symmetric supercapacitor displays a superior energy density of 20 Wh kg–1 in aqueous electrolyte and remarkable capacitance retention (95.6%) after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. This work provides an environmentally friendly and reliable method to produce higher-valued carbon nanomaterials from renewable biomass wastes for energy storage applications.
In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that three-dimensional honeycomb-like hierarchically structured carbon (HSC) can be prepared by using high-ash-content sewage sludge as a carbon ...precursor. The fly-silicon process plays a crucial role in the formation of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures. The as-resulted HSC exhibits novel honeycomb-like frameworks, high specific surface area (2839 m super(2) g super(-1)), large pore volume (2.65 cm super(3) g super(-1)), interconnected hierarchical porosity, and excellent electrochemical performance. The high specific capacitance of 379 F g super(-1) as well as excellent rate capability and outstanding cycling stability (over 90% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles even at a high current density of 20 A g super(-1)), makes it suitable for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The assembled HSC//HSC symmetric supercapacitor presents enhanced supercapacitive behavior with a high energy density of 30.5 W h kg super(-1) in aqueous solution. This strategy provides an effective method to develop high-performance electrode materials derived from other high-ash-content biomass wastes for supercapacitors.
Ageing is an inevitable process that affects various tissues and organs of the human body, leading to a series of physiological and pathological changes. Mechanisms such as telomere depletion, stem ...cell depletion, macrophage dysfunction, and cellular senescence gradually manifest in the body, significantly increasing the incidence of diseases in elderly individuals. These mechanisms interact with each other, profoundly impacting the quality of life of older adults. As the ageing population continues to grow, the burden on the public health system is expected to intensify. Globally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal system diseases in elderly individuals is increasing, resulting in reduced limb mobility and prolonged suffering. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of ageing and their interplay while exploring their impact on diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. By delving into the mechanisms of ageing, further research can be conducted to prevent and mitigate its effects, with the ultimate goal of alleviating the suffering of elderly patients in the future.
Carbon dots (CDs) obtained from rapeseed pollen with a high production yield, good biocompatibility, good water solubility, low cost, and simple synthesis are systematically characterized. They can ...be directly added to Hoagland nutrient solution for planting hydroponically cultivated Lactuca sativa L. to explore their influence on the plants at different concentrations. By measuring lettuce indices of growth, morphology, nutrition quality, gas exchange, and content of photosynthetic pigment, amazing growth-promotion effects of CDs were discovered, and the mechanism was analyzed. Moreover, the in vivo transport route of CDs in lettuce was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observations under UV light excitation. The results demonstrate that pollen-derived CDs can be potentially used as a miraculous fertilizer for agricultural applications and as a great in vivo plant bioimaging probe.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the number one killer threatening people's life and health, among which cardiovascular thrombotic events are the most common. As the cause of ...particularly serious cardiovascular events, thrombosis can trigger fatal crises such as acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), cerebral infarction and so on. Circulating monocytes are an important part of innate immunity. Their main physiological functions are phagocytosis, removal of injured and senescent cells and their debris, and development into macrophages and dendritic cells. At the same time, they also participate in the pathophysiological processes of pro-coagulation and anticoagulation. According to recent studies, monocytes have been found to play a significant role in thrombosis and thrombotic diseases of the immune system. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between monocyte subsets and cardiovascular thrombotic events and analyze the role of monocytes in arterial thrombosis and their involvement in intravenous thrombolysis. Finally, we summarize the mechanism and therapeutic regimen of monocyte and thrombosis in hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise rehabilitation (ER) programs on LVEF and the incidence of restenosis in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) ...through a systematic review and an integrated network meta-analysis (NMA) to provide a reference for the clinical formulation of ER programs for PCI patients.
Methods
Meta-analyses of the effects of different types of ER programs on LVEF and the incidence of reinfarction in post-PCI patients were retrieved from 11 domestic and foreign databases. The methodological and reporting quality of the included systematic reviews were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA statements. The GRADE scoring system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence found in the studies included in the meta-analysis, and studies with high and intermediate-quality evidence were qualitatively analyzed. Stata software (version 16.0) was used to conduct an integrated NMA of the original RCTs with moderate and low risk of bias.
Result
Sixteen meta-analyses were included in this evaluation. The reporting quality of the included meta-analyses was relatively complete, and the methodological quality was low. Seventy RCTs were included in the NMA. The results showed that all types of rehabilitative exercises were safe and effectively increased LVEF and reduced the incidence of coronary restenosis in patients. The comprehensive exercise program was the most likely to improve LVEF, and the comprehensive exercise program, early exercise program, and high-intensity interval exercise were better than aerobic exercise. Comprehensive exercise programs, early exercise programs, and aerobic exercise reduced the incidence of restenosis in patients. However, Chinese Qigong did not reduce the incidence of restenosis in patients, and there was a risk of bias and inconsistency in the quantitative analysis of restenosis incidence.
Conclusion
Comprehensive exercise programs have the greatest therapeutic significance in improving cardiac output and reducing restenosis rates in post-PCI patients. The early exercise program has great potential but requires kinesiologists to work with physicians to structure the program and strengthen out-of-hospital management. Aerobic exercise has the least therapeutic significance, and Chinese Qigong is suitable for promotion based on its better efficacy than aerobic exercise and may be an alternative to aerobic exercise, but more experimental evidence is needed.
Systematic Review Registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
, PROSPERO CRD42022374590.
Development of facile and scalable synthesis process for the fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with large specific surface areas, well-defined nanostructure, and high electrochemical ...activity is critical for the high performance energy storage applications. The key issue is the dedicated balance between the ultrahigh surface area and highly porous but interconnected nanostructure. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of new sulfur doped nanoporous carbon sphere (S-NCS) with the ultrahigh surface area up to 3357 m2 g−1 via a high-temperature hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent KOH activation process. The as-prepared S-NCS which integrates the advantages of ultrahigh porous structure, well-defined nanospherical and modification of heteroatom displays excellent electrochemical performance. The best performance is obtained on S-NCS prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization of sublimed sulfur and glucose, S-NCS-4, reaching a high specific capacitance (405 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding cycle stability. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor is assembled by S-NCS-4 displays a superior energy density of 53.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 74.2 W kg−1 in 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DEC. The synthesis method is simple and scalable, providing a new route to prepare highly porous and heteroatom-doped nanoporous carbon spheres for high performance energy storage applications.
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•Sulfur-doped nanoporous carbon spheres (S-NCS) were synthesized.•The obtained S-NCS present an ultrahigh specific surface area up to 3357 m2 g−1.•The S-NCS electrode exhibit excellent supercapacitive performance.
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