The West Lake Sag is abundant in oil and gas reserves, primarily in the Huagang Formation reservoir which serves as the primary source of production. The level of exploration is rather high, but ...there are still some unresolved issues, such as an unclear understanding of pore evolution features and reservoir growth mode. To tackle the aforementioned problems, this study employs optical microscopic examination, scanning electron microscope analysis, inclusion analysis, isotope analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and other techniques to elucidate the primary factors governing reservoir development and establish an analytical model regarding the cause of the sandstone reservoir. The results are as follows: (1) The sandstone reservoirs of the Huagang Formation of the Yuquan (abbreviated to YQ) Structure are now in the mesomorphic A stage as a whole, and minerals such as 4-phase authigenic quartz, 2-phase illite, 2-phase chlorite, 1-phase kaolinite, 1-phase ammonite mixing layer and 2-phase carbonate were formed during the diagenesis. (2) Feldspar and carbonate solution pores make up the majority of the reservoir space. About 10% of the porosity is made up of carbonate solution pores, which are the most prevalent reservoir space. Carbonate solution pores are primarily made up of metasomatic carbonate solution pores and cemented carbonate solution pores. Feldspar solution pores come next, contributing roughly 6.2% of the porosity. At 1.8%, residual intergranular holes are the least common. (3) The four main processes listed below are responsible for the creation of pores in the sandstone of the Huagang creation. The early carbonate cements resist the destruction of mechanical compaction and effectively preserve intergranular volume. The high content of feldspar provided a material basis for later dissolution. Early chlorite surrounding the edges of particles reduced the damage of authigenic minerals to porosity. The faults and cracks formed by the later structural inversion connected to the acidic water in the atmosphere, causing the dissolution of carbonate minerals and feldspar in the sandstone of the Huagang Formation. (4) Carbonate dissolution + feldspar dissolution type, carbonate dissolution type, and feldspar dissolution type are the three main types of reservoir formation in the Huagang Formation; the first two types mainly develop in the Upper Huagang Formation, while the latter mainly develops in the lower part of the Huagang Formation. The research results are conducive to the establishment of a geological prediction model for high-quality reservoirs of different geneses in the Huagang Formation and promote the exploration process of deep-seated hydrocarbons in the West Lake Sag.
Macrophyte decomposition is a critical process that affects carbon and nutrient cycling, and energy flow, although the majority of the details involved in the process remain unclear. For the present ...study, a litter bag experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sediment-borne nutrient and litter quality on the decomposition rates and nutrient release of four macrophyte life forms (emergent macrophyte:
Phragmites australis
, free-floating macrophyte:
Hydrocharis dubia
, floating-leaved macrophyte:
Nymphoides peltata
, submerged macrophyte:
Ceratophyllum demersum
), and a species mixture. Our results indicated that litter quality significantly influenced macrophyte decomposition and nutrient release. High-quality litter species (high initial nitrogen and phosphorus contents, as well as low C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios) decomposed more rapidly than low-quality litter species, and the initial C:N and C:P ratios, rather than the initial N and P contents, were effective indicators of the decomposition rate of macrophytes. Sediment-borne nutrients had little effect on the decomposition rate, yet a strong effect on the release of N and P, although the interactions between litter quality and sediment-borne nutrients significantly affected the decomposition rate. Three-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the litter quality imparted a more potent effect on the macrophyte decomposition rate and release of N and P than sediment-borne nutrients. These results implied that litter quality interacts with sediment-borne nutrients and may control macrophyte decomposition in shallow lakes.
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer. Metastasis plays a critical role in tumor progression, and vascular invasion is considered one of the most crucial factors for ...HCC metastasis. However, comprehensive analysis focusing on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and immune infiltration in the vascular invasion of HCC is lacking.
Methods:
The gene expression profiles of 321 samples, including 210 primary HCC cases and 111 HCC cases with vascular invasion, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma project, and used in identifying significant differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). The RNAs associated with vascular invasion were used in constructing a ceRNA network. A multigene-based risk signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm. We detected the fractions of 28 immune cell types in HCC through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, the relationship between the ceRNA network and immune cells was determined through correlation analysis and used in clarifying the potential mechanism involved in vascular invasion.
Results:
Overall, 413 DElncRNAs, 27 DEmiRNAs, and 397 DEmRNAs were recognized in HCC. A specific ceRNA network based on the interaction among 3 lncRNA–miRNA pairs and 24 miRNA–mRNA pairs were established. A ceRNA-based prognostic signature was constructed and used in dividing samples into high- and low-risk subgroups. The signature showed significant efficacy; its 3- and 5-year areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.712 and 0.653, respectively. ceRNA and ssGSEA integration analysis demonstrated that PART1 (
p
= 0, R = −0.33) and CDK5R2 (
p
= 0.01, R = −0.15) were negatively correlated to natural killer cells.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that vascular invasion in HCC might be related to PART1, and its role in regulating CDK5R2 and NK cells. A nomogram was developed to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC and demonstrated the value of the ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating immune cells value in improving personalized management.
Liquid composite armor has demonstrated excellent performance in protecting against shaped charge jets. Currently, most existing theoretical calculation models for the velocity range of the disturbed ...jet approximate the cone angle of the shockwave front as the Mach angle. However, indiscriminately equating the cone angle of the shockwave front with the Mach angle can lead to significant errors in the calculated velocity range of the disturbed jet. To address this issue, this study focuses on investigating the variation of the cone angle of the shockwave front within the liquid composite protective structure. Firstly, a dimensional analysis was conducted to determine the functional relationship between the cone angle of the shockwave front and relevant parameters. Then, the process of jet penetrating liquid composite protective structure was simulated by Autodyn. The results demonstrated that the normalized cone angle solely depends on the normalized diameter within the critical angle. By fitting the simulation data, the formula for calculating the cone angle of the shockwave front was derived.
The jet morphology of square and circular cross-section shaped charge with same inscribed circle diameter were observed by conducting an X-ray experiment. Depth-of-penetration tests at standoffs 80 ...and 160 mm were also carried out. The jet formation was studied by using AUTODYN software. The results showed that the jet of square cross-section shaped charge consists of a condensed part and a non-condensed part. The condensed part has similar characteristics to the corresponding part of circular cross-section shaped charge. And the non-condensed part is distributed at the jet tail. The non-condensed part consists of a main fluid moving along the axis and four off-axis fluids with off-axis velocity along the symmetry plane. The noncondensing of jet reduces the penetration depth of square cross-section shaped charge, the decreasing rate increased from 2.67% to 17.3% when the standoff is increased from 80 mm to 160 mm. When the inscribed circle diameter of the charge cross-section increases to 67.2 mm (1.2 times of 56 mm) and the liner structure remains the same, the square cross-section shaped charge will form a cohesive jet.
Abstract
Background: Pyrotinib, a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, has shown promising antitumor activity and acceptable tolerability in phase 1-3 studies. However, findings from ...randomized clinical trials may have limited generalizability to patients treated in routine clinical practice. Herein, we conducted this multicenter real-world study to examine the treatment patterns, effectiveness and safety of pyrotinib-based therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) patients in China.Methods: This is a China-based, observational study of HER2-positive BC patients receiving pyrotinib-based therapy (NCT04158505). Both early stage and advanced disease were included. Demographics, treatment patterns, and diarrhea management were summarized. The data cutoff date was April 30, 2021, and the study is ongoing to enroll. Real-world progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) will be analyzed. Results: Between October 2019 and April 2021, a total of 907 patients (45 in the neoadjuvant setting median age, 51 years and 862 in the advanced setting median age, 54 years) from 65 sites received at least one dose of pyrotinib. Considering the limited sample size of early stage patients so far, we focused on advanced BC patients in this report. Of 862 patients with advanced disease, 44.2% had visceral metastases, 12.5% had brain metastases, 31.1%, 35.7%, and 33.2% received pyrotinib-based therapy as first-line, second-line, and third- or later-line treatment, respectively. The majority of patients (82.5%) were trastuzumab-exposed, and 10.2% were lapatinib-treated before receiving pyrotinib. Among 744 patients with available treatment information, 75.8% started with standard dose of pyrotinib (400 mg). Pyrotinib plus capecitabine (372 50.0%) was the most commonly used regimen for advanced disease, followed by pyrotinib plus chemotherapy other than capecitabine (189 25.4%), pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy (100 13.4%), and pyrotinib alone (77 10.3%). At the time of data cutoff, there were 164 (19.0%) progression or death events in 862 patients with advanced disease, and the median PFS and OS was not mature for the whole population. The median PFS for patients receiving second-line pyrotinib-based therapy was 11.7 months (95% CI, 8.8-not reached). The most common adverse event was diarrhea. Any grade and grade ≥3 diarrhea occurred in 70.5% and 14.9% of 907 patients, respectively. Diarrhea in eight (0.9%) patients with advanced disease were deemed as serious adverse events. Eighty-nine (9.8%) patients received diarrhea prophylaxis, and 436 (48.1%) used antidiarrhea drugs after diarrhea occurred. Montmorillonite powder (6.0% and 33.6%) were the most commonly used drug for both diarrhea prophylaxis and treatment, followed by loperamide (3.9% and 27.9%).Conclusions: In real world, a high percentage of physicians chose to use pyrotinib-based therapy in front lines when treating HER2-positive advanced BC patients, which might maximize its antitumor activity. Diarrhea is manageable in the real-world setting.
Citation Format: Yiqun Li, Zhongsheng Tong, Quchang Ouyang, Xinhong Wu, Wei Li, Li Cai, Zhiyong Yu, Zhengxiang Han, Xiaojia Wang, Man Li, Jin Yang, Li Li, Zhaofeng Niu, Haibo Wang, Qitang Wang, Yi Li, Yuee Teng, Shiguang Zhu, Binghe Xu. Treatment patterns and adverse events of pyrotinib-based therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients in China: Results from a multicenter, real-world study abstract. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-40.
Compared with central penetration, the eccentric penetration of jet into a liquid-filled composite armor (LCA) shows a more obvious lateral displacement due to the asymmetric impact by the shock wave ...and liquid radial reflux. Based on this characteristic, the reaming process in the liquid layer during the shaped charge jet (SCJ) penetrates into the strongly-constrained liquid-filled composite armor (SLCA) eccentrically, the interference process of jet is subjected to the asymmetric impact by the shock wave and liquid radial reflux, and the lateral movement process of the SCJ under lateral force loading is analyzed to study the influence of SLCA on the stability of incoming SCJ during eccentric penetration. Theoretical and X-ray experimental results show that when the eccentricity distance is 0 mm, 12 mm, the severely disturbed velocity range and total disturbed velocity range of the SCJ increase with the increase of the eccentricity distance, while the maximum lateral displacement of the SCJ decreases slightly with the increase of the eccentricity distance at 1 mm, 12 mm.
Mycoplasma pneumonia is one of the most important infectious diseases that threaten sheep production. In order to investigate the epidemic status of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in sheep, ...indirect hemagglutination assay was used to analyze 1679 serum samples collected from four different breeds of sheep (Kazak sheep, Hu sheep, Merino sheep, and Duolang sheep) in six regions in Xinjiang between 2012 and 2014. One thousand one hundred sixty-nine sheep nasal swabs and 180 lungs were PCR analyzed. The results showed that the average positive rates of the serum samples were 17.75 %. The positive rates were between 9.76 and 30.61 % in the four breeds. Among them, the Hu sheep had a significantly higher rate than other breeds (P < 0.05). The average positive rates of nasal swabs and lungs were 10.18 and 28.89 %, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic trees of 16S RNA gene, the isolates were closest to those strains isolated from inland areas of China, indicating that these epidemic isolates came from the trans-province introductions. Our survey suggests that quarantine is necessary for sheep imported from inland, and effective immunization should be implemented in sheep susceptible to M. ovipneumoniae in Xinjiang, China.
Owing to its high protein secretion capacity, simple nutritional requirements, and GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status,
is widely used as a host for the industrial production of enzymes, ...antibiotics, and peptides. However, as compared with its close relative
, little is known about the physiology and stress responses of
. To explore its temperature-stress metabolome,
strains ATCC 14580 and B186, with respective optimal growth temperatures of 42°C and 50°C, were cultured at 42°C, 50°C, and 60°C and their corresponding metabolic profiles were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analyses. It was found that with increased growth temperatures, the two
strains displayed elevated cellular levels of proline, glutamate, lysine, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid, and decreased levels of glutamine and octadecenoic acid. Regulation of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism is likely to be associated with the evolution of protective biochemical mechanisms of
. Our results will help to optimize the industrial use of
and other important Bacillus species.
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