In recent years, negative-sense RNA virus classification and taxon nomenclature have undergone considerable transformation. In 2016, the new order
was established, elevating the previous genus
to ...family rank, thereby creating
. Here we summarize affirmed taxonomic modifications of this family from 2016 to 2019. Changes involve the admission of >30 new hantavirid species and the establishment of subfamilies and novel genera based on DivErsity pArtitioning by hieRarchical Clustering (DEmARC) analysis of genomic sequencing data. We outline an objective framework that can be used in future classification schemes when more hantavirids sequences will be available. Finally, we summarize current taxonomic proposals and problems in hantavirid taxonomy that will have to be addressed shortly.
The official classification of newly discovered or long-known unassigned viruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) requires the deposition of coding-complete or ...-near-complete virus genome sequences in GenBank to fulfill a requirement of the taxonomic proposal (TaxoProp) process. However, this requirement is fairly new; thus, genomic sequence information is fragmented or absent for many already-classified viruses. As a result, taxon-wide modern phylogenetic analyses are often challenging, if not impossible. This problem is particularly eminent among viruses with segmented genomes, such as bunyavirals, which were frequently classified solely based on single-segment sequence information. To solve this issue for one bunyaviral family,
, we call on the community to provide additional sequence information for incompletely sequenced classified viruses by mid-June 2023. Such sequence information may be sufficient to prevent their possible declassification during the ongoing efforts to establish a coherent, consistent, and evolution-based hantavirid taxonomy.
Emergence and Persistence of Hantaviruses Klein, S. L.; Calisher, C. H.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology,
2007, Letnik:
315
Book Chapter, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hantaviral diseases have been recognized for hundreds of years but, until 1976, they had not been associated with an infectious agent. When Lee and colleagues isolated what is now known as Hantaan ...virus, the techniques they introduced allowed further investigations into the etiology of the classical hantavirus disease, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), now known to be caused by any of multiple hantaviruses. The discovery of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the New World, and that it also can be caused by any of multiple hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus ), has opened an entire field of epidemiologic, virologic, molecular, behavioral, and ecologic studies of these viruses. There appears to be a single hantavirus-single rodent host association, such that understanding the idiosyncrasies of each rodent host species and the ecologic variables that affect them are recognized as critical if we are to reduce human risk for infection.
Evidence from two El Nino episodes in the American Southwest suggests that El Nino-driven precipitation, the initial catalyst of a trophic cascade that results in a delayed density-dependent rodent ...response, is sufficient to predict heightened risk for human contraction of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is tasked with classifying viruses into taxa (phyla to species) and devising taxon names. Virus names and virus name abbreviations are ...currently not within the ICTV’s official remit and are not regulated by an official entity. Many scientists, medical/veterinary professionals, and regulatory agencies do not address evolutionary questions nor are they concerned with the hierarchical organization of the viral world, and therefore, have limited use for ICTV-devised taxa. Instead, these professionals look to the ICTV as an expert point source that provides the most current taxonomic affiliations of viruses of interests to facilitate document writing. These needs are currently unmet as an ICTV-supported, easily searchable database that includes all published virus names and abbreviations linked to their taxa is not available. In addition, in stark contrast to other biological taxonomic frameworks, virus taxonomy currently permits individual species to have several members. Consequently, confusion emerges among those who are not aware of the difference between taxa and viruses, and because certain well-known viruses cannot be located in ICTV publications or be linked to their species. In addition, the number of duplicate names and abbreviations has increased dramatically in the literature. To solve this conundrum, the ICTV could mandate listing all viruses of established species and all reported unclassified viruses in forthcoming online ICTV Reports and create a searchable webpage using this information. The International Union of Microbiology Societies could also consider changing the mandate of the ICTV to include the nomenclature of all viruses in addition to taxon considerations. With such a mandate expansion, official virus names and virus name abbreviations could be catalogued and virus nomenclature could be standardized. As a result, the ICTV would become an even more useful resource for all stakeholders in virology. Arbovirus; classification; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; (ICTV); nomenclature; species; taxonomy; virus.
Included among the many current world problems are viral diseases of considerable significance and threat. This talk could not possible cover them all but will discuss the emergence of Middle East ...respiratory syndrome in Saudi Arabia and nearby countries, ebolavirus hemorrhagic fever in West Africa, chikungunya in the Western Hemisphere, and the re-emergence of poliomyelitis.
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