Figura Central
: Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista – 2023
Proposta de inclusão ...do strain no algoritmo integrado de avaliação da função diastólica, adaptado e traduzido de Nagueh et al.
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AE: átrio esquerdo; Ap: duração da onda A reversa pulmonar; Am: duração da onda A mitral; DD: disfunção diastólica; FEVEr: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida; IT: insuficiência tricúspide; SAEr: strain do AE de reservatório; SLGVE: strain longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo. Se remodelamento concêntrico, confirmar com SLGVE. Na presença de FEVEr, tempo de desaceleração da onda E mitral (TDE) < 160 ms e onda S < D pulmonar também são parâmetros de pressão de enchimento aumentada. Esse algoritmo não se aplica a pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), calcificação do anel mitral ou valvopatia mitral maior que discreta, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE), ritmo de marca-passo, próteses valvares ou hipertensão pulmonar (HP) primária grave.
RESUMO Entre os nanomateriais de carbono, os pontos de carbono (PCs) estão entre os mais atraentes devido as suas interessantes propriedades fotoluminescentes. Os PCs apresentam processo de síntese ...fácil, possibilidade de funcionalização da superfície, baixa toxicidade, alta solubilidade em água e biocompatibilidade. Devido a isso, suas aplicações na área biomédica e de bioimagem tem se destacado na literatura. Neste trabalho, PCs foram sintetizados por dois métodos diferentes a partir da ovalbumina, o qual é um precursor não tóxico e composto predominantemente por aminoácidos de cadeia curta. Os PCs foram caracterizados por espectroscopias de absorção (UV-Vis), de emissão (fluorescência) e infravermelho (IVTF), além de análise termogravimétrica (ATG). Os PCs foram utilizados como sondas fluorescentes para uma imagem colorida (azul e verde) de células HEK293 e não induziram a morte celular, o que indica que os mesmos são biocompatíveis e não tóxicos para este tipo de células. Dessa forma, os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que os PCs podem ser considerados potenciais substitutos para corantes comerciais em marcação biológica.
ABSTRACT Among the carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are among the most attractive ones due to their interesting photoluminescent properties. PCs feature easy synthesis process, possibility of surface functionalization, low toxicity, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Because of this, their applications in the biomedical and bioimaging areas has been highlighted in literature. In this work, CDs were synthesized by two different methods using ovalbumin as precursor, which is a nontoxic reactant composed predominantly of short chain amino acids. The CDs were characterized by absorption (UV-Vis), emission (fluorescence), infrared (IRFT) spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CDs were used as fluorescent probes for multicolor (blue and green) imaging of HEK293 cells and did not induce to cell death, which indicates that the CDs are biocompatible and nontoxic to this type of cells. Therefore, the results presented here demonstrated that CDs can be considered as a potential substitute for commercial dyes in biological images.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia no tratamento de fístulas anais em ratos. Métodos: vinte ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à confecção de fístula anal ...e, após 30 dias, foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo Controle, com cinco animais; Grupo Carbopol, com cinco animais; e Grupo Baccharis dracunculifolia, com dez animais. No Grupo Controle, não se realizou nenhum tratamento. No Grupo Carbopol, realizou-se infusão diária de carbopol, e no Grupo Baccharis dracunculifolia, infusão de extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia com carbopol, ambos por 30 dias. Foram retirados espécimes para análise histológica após a eutanásia. Resultados: não houve fechamento completo do trajeto fistuloso em nenhum dos animais. A média da área do trajeto resultante foi de 847,2µm2, 565,6µm2 e 372,7µm2, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,001). A média do escore de processo inflamatório foi de 2,4, 2,4 e 2,1, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,285), enquanto a média de congestão vascular foi de 1,6, 1,4 e 1,1, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,031). Conclusão: o extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia foi capaz de reduzir o lúmen dos trajetos fistulosos e a congestão vascular, sem reduzir, no entanto, o processo inflamatório local ou fechar totalmente os trajetos fistulosos.
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia extract in the treatment of anal fistulas in rats. Methods: twenty male Wistar rats were submitted to anal fistula and, after 30 days, were divided into three groups: Control Group, with five animals; Carbopol Group, with five animals; and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, with ten animals. In the Control Group, no treatment was performed. In the Carbopol Group, a daily infusion of Carbopol was performed for 30 days. In the Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, a daily infusion of Carbopol plus Baccharis dracunculifolia extract was performed for 30 days. Specimens were taken for histological analysis after euthanasia. Results: there was no complete closure of the fistulous tract in any of the animals. The mean area of the remaining tract was of 847.2µm2, 565.6µm2 and 372.7µm2, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.001). The mean of the inflammatory process score was of 2.4, 2.4, and 2.1, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.285), while the mean values of vascular congestion were of 1.6, 1.4, and 1.1, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.031). Conclusion: Baccharis dracunculifolia extract was able to reduce the lumen of the fistulous tracts and the degree of vascular congestion, without, however, reducing the local inflammatory process or totally closing the fistulous tracts.
Particleboards have gained attention in the global market. Understanding their physical–mechanical behavior in the current technological context is essential due to adhesive polymerization, which ...depends on variables such as pressing time and temperature. Today, the use of nanoparticles has become a plausible option for improving the properties of polymers used in wood-based composites. This study evaluates the influences of the addition of non-commercial 0.5% aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and aluminum oxide copper (CuO) nanoparticles using a greener route with a lower environmental impact obtaining a urea-formaldehyde (UF)-based polymeric adhesive to manufacture particle composites of Eucalyptus urophylla var. grandis wood. Regarding characterizations, the resin properties analyzed were viscosity, gel time, and pH, as well as panel properties, including density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and thermal conductivity. The results were compared with scientific publications and standards. The addition of nanoparticles interfered with viscosity, and all treatments indicated a basic pH. It was not possible to determine the gel time after 10 min. Nanoparticles added to the polymers in the internal layer did not cause an improvement in the swelling properties in terms of thickness, with no significant statistical difference for density and moisture content. The increase from 150 °C to 180 °C may have caused an improvement in all physical–mechanical properties, indicating that the higher temperature positively influenced the polymerization of the formaldehyde-based adhesive. Therefore, the additions of both nanoparticles (0.5% in each condition) led to a limitation in the material influence with respect to physical–mechanical performance.
Summary
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of non‐mineralized and mineralized connective tissues. It is initiated and maintained by a dysbiosis of the ...bacterial biofilm adjacent to teeth with increased prevalence of Gram‐negative microorganisms. Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) is a member of the Nod‐like receptors (NLRs) family of proteins that participate in the activation of the innate immune system, in response to invading bacteria or to bacterial antigens present in the cytoplasm. The specific activating ligand for NOD1 is a bacterial peptidoglycan derived primarily from Gram‐negative bacteria. This study assessed the role of NOD1 in inflammation‐mediated tissue destruction in the context of host–microbe interactions. We used mice with whole‐genome deletion of the NOD1 gene in a microbe‐induced periodontitis model using direct injections of heat‐killed Gram‐negative or Gram‐negative/Gram‐positive bacteria on the gingival tissues. In vitro experiments using primary bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages from wild‐type and NOD1 knockout mice provide insight into the role of NOD1 on the macrophage response to Gram‐negative and Gram‐negative/Gram‐positive bacteria. Microcomputed tomography analysis indicated that deletion of NOD1 significantly aggravated bone resorption induced by Gram‐negative bacteria, accompanied by an increase in the numbers of osteoclasts. This effect was significantly attenuated by the association with Gram‐positive bacteria. In vitro, quantitative PCR arrays indicated that stimulation of macrophages with heat‐killed Gram‐negative bacteria induced the same biological processes in wild‐type and NOD1‐deficient cells; however, expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators was increased in NOD1‐deficient cells. These results suggest a bone‐sparing role for NOD1 in this model.
Lack of Nod1 aggravates inflammatory bone resorption in the periodontitis model of host–microbe interactions and accentuates the macrophage response to Gram‐negative bacteria. Activation of Nod2 attenuates both bone resorption and the macrophage response in the absence of Nod1. A suggestion of negative regulation of host response by Nod proteins in the experimental periodontitis model.
ABSTRACT To simplify the characterization of wood species, the Brazilian standard document ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) establishes the determination of mechanical properties employing the characteristic ...strength in the compression parallel to grain (fc0,k). This mechanical property is estimated using the linear relation given by the following expression fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k Brazilian and European standard documents support the estimation of fv0,k using relations among properties. However, the European guidelines in the EN 384 (2019) have used the conventional characteristic strength in the static bending test (fM,k). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the ratio fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k for adopting 30 hardwoods. The variance analysis results demonstrate the divergence among the experimental outcomes and those values estimated using the relation cited. Therefore, regression models at two parameters were considered to obtain more accurate estimates of fv0,k by adopting fc0,k, and fM,k as independent variables. Regarding the results, the geometric (R² = 80.80%) and linear (R² = 74.19%) models were the most accurate for the estimates of fv0,k in terms of fc0,k, and fM,k, respectively. This fact evinces the good accuracy of the models under consideration, which may provide a more rigorous structural design compared to the correlation currently prescribed by the ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).
RESUMO Para simplificar a caracterização de espécies de madeira, o documento normativo brasileiro ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) estabelece a determinação de propriedades mecânicas por meio da resistência característica na compressão paralela às fibras (fc0,k). Essa propriedade mecânica é estimada utilizando-se da relação linear dada pela expressão a seguir fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k. Ambos os documentos normativos europeu e brasileiro prescrevem a estimativa da fv0,k empregando-se relações entre propriedades, embora as diretrizes da europeia contidas na EN 384 (2019) utilize a resistência característica convencional obtida no teste de flexão estática (fM,k). Assim, esse estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a eficiência da relação fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k para 30 espécies folhosas. Os resultados da análise de variância demonstram a divergência entre os resultados experimentais e aqueles estimados utilizando-se da relação citada. Portanto, modelos de regressão em função de dois parâmetros foram considerados para se obter estimativas mais precisas da fv0,k através da adoção da fc0,k e fM,k como variáveis independentes. Com relação aos resultados, os modelos geométrico (R² = 80.80%) e linear (R² = 74.19%) foram os mais precisos para a estimativa da fv0,k em termos da fc0,k e fM,k, respectivamente. Este fato evidencia a boa precisão dos modelos em questão, o que pode proporcionar um dimensionamento estrutural mais rigoroso quando comparado à correlação atualmente prescrita pela ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).
Post-procedure residual ischemia is associated with worse prognosis in patients with coronary artery diasease (CAD).
We evaluated whether autologous bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) contribute to ...additional reduction in regional stress-induced myocardial ischemia (SIMI) in patients undergoing incomplete coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled 143 patients (82% men, 58 ± 11 years) with stable CAD and not candidates for complete CABG. They received 100 million BMC (
= 77) or placebo (
= 66) injected into ischemic non-revascularized segments during CABG. The primary outcome was improvement on SIMI quantified as the area at risk in injected segments assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) 1, 6, and 12 months after CABG.
The reduction in global SIMI after CABG was comparable (
= 0.491) in both groups indicating sustained beneficial effects of the surgical procedure over 12 month period. In contrast, we observed additional improvement in regional SIMI in BMC treated group (
= 0.047). Baseline regional SIMI values were comparable 18.5 (16.2-21.0) vs. 18.5 (16.5-20.7) and reached the lowest values at 1 month 9.74 (8.25; 11.49) vs. 12.69 (10.84; 14.85) for BMC and placebo groups, respectively. The ischemia's improvement from baseline represented a 50% difference in regional SIMI in favor of the BMC transplanted group at 30 days. We found no differences in clinical and LVEF% between groups during the 12 month follow-up period. The 1 month rate of major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (MACCE) (
= 0.34) and all-cause mortality (
= 0.08) did not differ between groups 1 month post intervention.
We provided evidence that BMC leads to additional reduction in regional SIMI in chronic ischemic patients when injected in segments not subjected to direct surgical revascularization. This adjuvant therapy deserves further assessment in patients with advanced CAD especially in those with microcirculation dysfunction.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT01727063.
The current long-term treatment for leishmaniasis causes severe side effects and resistance in some cases. An evaluation of the anti-leishmanial potential of an HSP90-inhibitor, ...17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), demonstrated its potent effect against
spp.
and
. We have previously shown that 17-AAG can kill
promastigotes with an IC
of 65 nM and intracellular amastigote at concentrations as low as 125 nM. As this compound presents low solubility and high toxicity in human clinical trials, we prepared an inclusion complex containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 17-AAG (17-AAG:HPβCD) to improve its solubility. This complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Liposomes-containing 17-AAG:HPβCD was prepared and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, and zeta potential, before and after accelerated and long-term stability testing. An evaluation of leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of
was also performed. The characterization techniques utilized confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex, HPβCD:17-AAG, with a resulting 33-fold-enhancement in compound water solubility. Stability studies revealed that 17-AAG:HPβCD-loaded liposomes were smaller than 200 nm, with 99% EE. Stability testing detected no alterations in PDI that was 0.295, pH 7.63, and zeta potential +22.6, suggesting liposome stability, and suitability for evaluating leishmanicidal activity. Treatment of infected macrophages with 0.006 nM of 17-AAG:HPβCD or 17-AAG:HPβCD-loaded liposomes resulted in almost complete amastigote clearance inside macrophages after 48 h. This reduction is similar to the one observed in infected macrophages treated with 2 μM amphotericin B. Our results showed that nanotechnology and drug delivery systems could be used to increase the antileishmanial efficacy and potency of 17-AAG
, while also resulting in reduced toxicity that indicates these formulations may represent a potential therapeutic strategy against leishmaniasis.
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