The application of rural mixed pond water (RMW) for irrigation has become a relatively normal agricultural practice in China. However, it is not clear whether soil microbial activity and soil stored ...nutrients are influenced by RMW. In this study, soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–60 cm for determining their basic physicochemical properties, microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities, moreover, the eco-enzymatic stoichiometry ratio was determined to evaluate microbial nutrient requirements. Our results showed that, with the increase in the soil depth, dissolved organic carbon, available phosphorus, microbial contents, and extracellular enzyme activities declined. We observed an increment in the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN; 1.44 fold) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC; 1.23 fold) from 0 to 10 cm after RMW irrigation. The latter was more stable below 40 cm of the soil layer independent of irrigation water. The increase in carrier length and angular carrier indicated that the microorganisms were limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). The RMW irrigation significantly decreased the β-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase (NAG), the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and the phosphatase (AP). In addition, RMW irrigation increased the α-diversity of surface soil microorganisms but suppressed them in deeper soil profiles. The RDA analysis suggested that random NAG of exoenzymes had the greatest relative contribution to microbial diversity, with bacteria and fungi accounting for 27.1 % and 25.1 %, respectively. This study showed that RMW irrigation led to changes the soil extracellular enzyme activities, resulting in alterations the enzyme stoichiometry ratios and microbial nutrient acquisition strategies.
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•Soil nutrients are influenced by RMW irrigation and soil profile interaction.•RMW irrigation could increase the average content of MBC and MBN in 0–60 cm soil profiles.•RMW irrigation increased abundance for bacteria but decreased fungi.•RMW irrigation enhanced soil microbial C and P limitations.
Karst landforms are one of the most typical geographical units with a specific physical process on the earth's surface. The classification of karst landforms is an important aspect for understanding ...their landform processes and mechanisms. However, influenced by various interior and external forces, karst landforms have an extremely complex surface morphology, increasing the difficulty of their automatic classification. In this study, we considered hydrological features as an important factor in characterizing karst landforms and proposed a method that considers surface flow for karst landform classification. In this method, terrain was reversed for hydrological analysis to achieve the landform units. Then, the watershed boundary of the reversed terrain is extracted by hydrological analysis. The boundary of the karst landform unit is determined by erasing the plain area from the watershed boundary. Thereafter, the graph theory segmentation method is employed to merge the landform units belonging to the same karst landform entity. The proposed approach is validated and applied in two sample karst areas, Fenglin and Fengcong, located in Guilin, China, using digital elevation model data with 30 m spatial resolution. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the typical karst landform units of Fenglin and Fengcong can be effectively classified. The overall classification accuracy is 94.44%. The proposed method produced more reasonable and accurate boundaries compared with the contour tree and terrain feature point methods. Furthermore, the classification results indicate various landform development stages of the karst landform process in the study area. The proposed method considering surface flow characteristics can be further extended to other landform types with highly complex landforms.
Karst landforms are one of the typical geographical units with a specific physical process on the earth's surface. In this study, we proposed a method considering surface flow for karst landform classification. The proposed approach is validated and applied in two sample karst areas, Fenglin and Fengcong, located in Guilin, China. The results demonstrated that the karst landform units of Fenglin and Fengcong can be effectively classified. The proposed method can be extended to other landform types with complex landforms.
基于“厕所+三格化粪池+庭院消纳+菜园经济”模式，根据化粪池尾水在菜园不同距离土壤中的富集量，采集不施尾水处理（CK）、前段0~1.5 m（S1）、中段1.5~3.0 m（S2）和后段3.0~4.5 ...m（S3）菜园表层土壤样品，对土壤化学性质、酶活性和微生物多样性进行测定，探究农村三格化粪池尾水原位土壤消纳对蔬菜种植土壤环境的影响。相比于不施尾水处理，三格化粪池尾水经原位土壤消纳后，土壤pH值降低0.83~0.91，有机质含量提高29.6%~39.5%，全磷含量提高125.0%~171.4%；蔗糖酶（S-SC）活性提高157.0%~170.0%，过氧化氢酶（S-CAT）活性降低12.7%~19.0%，脲酶（S-UE）活性降低36.0%~43.4%（P<0.05）。土壤环境中真菌和细菌群落多样性（Shannon）及群落丰富度（Ace）显著提高（P<0.05）；尾水原位土壤消纳提高了红球菌属（Rhodococcus）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）及微枝形杆菌属（Microvirga）等有益菌的相对丰度，也提高了分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）、枝孢菌（Cladosporium）等致病菌的相对丰度。研究表明：三格化粪池尾水原位土壤消纳方式可提高庭院菜园土壤肥力和土壤微生物多样性，实现尾水资源化利用；然而也存在致病性微生物环境风险，因此需加强前端尾水的监测和无害化处理，为厕所污水处理技术的优化提供数据支撑，推广该模式对建设农村人居环境、改善农民生活品质具有重要意义。 Soil samples were collected from treatments without tail water (CK) and at 0~1.5,1.5~3.0 m,and 3.0~4.5 m from septic tank tail water based on a toilet+three-compartment septic tank+yard consumption+vegetable garden economy model with different distances from vegetable garden soil.The soil chemical properties,enzyme activity,and microbial diversity were dete
厕所革命是我国新农村建设的重要内容。卫生旱厕的新建与改建解决了寒旱地区水厕难以推广的问题，但在实际应用中时常碰到粪便黏附于进粪管的尴尬。本研究探讨了无水冲条件下由10种不同材料聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、超高分子量聚乙烯（UPE）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、不锈钢板（SS）和水泥板（FS）制成的滑道在不同角度和粪便类型下对粪便黏附性的影响。结果表明：粪便黏附率会随着滑道倾斜角度、粪便类型及材料种类的不同而发生改变。当滑道角度为75°时，对10种滑道材料进行试验，大部分粪便类型都能较为顺畅通过且无残留，UPE材料抗黏附性最好；在设定滑道角度为50°时，UPE的黏附率最小（17.24％）。综合考虑粪便类型、进粪管设置角度以及现有材料市场价格等因素，UPE是旱厕滑道材料的最佳选择。 The toilet revolution has significantly contributed to new rural construction.To overcome the challenges of building and rebuilding water toilets in cold and dry areas with extremely scarce resources and severe geographical conditions,sanitary dry toilets were constructed in place of water toilets.This study mainly analyzed the adhesion of feces on slides made of ten different materials (PTFE,UPE,PE,PET,ABS,PP,PC,PVC,SS,and FS) under the condition of no water flushing and discussed the fecal adhesion on the slides as a function of the angles and feces type.The results showed that the rate of fecal adhesion varied wi
ABSTRACTDeep learning-based super-resolution is an essential technique for acquiring high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) by enhancing the spatial resolution of low-resolution DEMs. ...However, current deep learning-based approaches for DEM super-resolution lack comprehensiveness in terrain information reconstruction, resulting in the need to strengthen the rationality of terrain representation. Furthermore, the limited adaptability and extension potential of these approaches restrict their practical applicability and scope, hindering further advancement. As a solution, we introduce a broadly scalable detrending-based deep learning (DTDL) spatially explicit framework for DEM super-resolution. The framework aims to improve DEM reconstruction through data processing and augmentation. It employs detrending to distinguish between large-scale terrain trends and small-scale residuals in DEMs, thereby enhancing the neural network's capacity to learn terrain information. We integrate DTDL with classical super-resolution methods (SRCNN, EDSR, and SRGAN) and conduct experiments in the Alps, Himalayas, and Rockies. The experimental results indicate that the fusion of DTDL with deep learning-based methods enhances the accuracy of terrain reconstruction and the rationality of terrain feature representation, demonstrating strong compatibility and robustness.
With the development of the 5G mobile Internet, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and other cutting-edge technologies, the era of big data has quietly arrived. The purpose of this paper is to ...explore the feasibility of the application of new technologies for music teaching in the era of big data in the context of the rapid development of science and technology in the information society, to enlighten and lead music teachers to apply the spontaneous and conscious awareness of new media and fully apply the new achievements of science and technology in the information society for future music classroom teaching, and to analyze the mode, method, trend, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of music teaching in the new media environment. The aim is to analyze the advantages and shortcomings of music teaching in colleges and universities and to find solutions and future development strategies for them so that in the future, the 5G Internet can better serve music lovers and better contribute to the cause of music education in colleges and universities. New media, as a product of constantly updated information technology, provides powerful data support for the development of various fields, and the education industry also needs new media to boost the rapid development of education information technology, which of course includes college music teaching. The effective integration of new media technology into the college music classroom can improve the classroom efficiency of music teaching with rich and diverse teaching resources and flexible teaching forms.
Soil microorganisms promote the recovery of contaminated soil by influencing the cyclic transformation of various substances. In this study, we investigated the impact of mercury pollution on the ...structure, composition, and main populations of soil microbial communities using a high-throughput sequencing method and observed that mercury pollution significantly influenced the diversity, structure, and distribution pattern of microbial communities. Furthermore, during mercury pollution, the Shannon and Chao indices decreased for the bacterial communities and increased for the fungal communities. Mercury pollution mainly reduced the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (16.2−30.6%), Actinomycetes (24.7−40.8%), and other dominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance of Ascomycota decreased by 17.4% and 16.7% in alkaline and neutral soils, respectively, whereas the relative abundance of unclassified_k_Fungi increased by 26.1% and 28.6%, respectively. In acidic soil, Ascomycota increased by 106.3% and unclassified_k_Fungi decreased by 71.2%. The results of redundancy and correlation analyses suggested that soil microbial diversity was significantly correlated with soil properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen (p < 0.05) under different treatments. Our findings highlight the impact of Hg pollution on soil microbial communities, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the bioremediation of soil Hg pollution.
In China, promoting harmless blackwater treatment and resource utilization in rural areas is a priority of the "toilet revolution". Exploring the effects of blackwater application in arid areas on ...soil nitrogen losses can provide a basis for more effective water and fertilizer management. This study analyzed nitrogen leaching and maize yield under blackwater application in the summer maize season of 2020. A total of 5 treatments were used: no fertilizer, single chemical fertilizer application (CF), single blackwater application (HH), and combined chemical fertilizer and blackwater application ratios of 1:1 (CH1) and 2:1 (CH2). The total nitrogen leached from the fertilization treatments was 53.14-60.95 kg·ha
and the leached nitrate nitrogen was 34.10-40.62 kg·ha
. Nitrate nitrogen accounted for 50-62% of the total leached nitrogen. Compared with blackwater treatments, nitrate nitrogen moved into deeper soil layers (80-100 cm depth) during the CF treatment. Compared with CF, HH significantly reduced the maize yield by 24.39%. The nitrogen surplus of HH was higher than that of other fertilizer treatments. Considering nitrogen leaching, maize yield, and economic benefits, the CH2 treatment presented the optimal results. These findings address knowledge gaps and assist in guiding policy-makers to effectively promote China's "toilet revolution".
Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste ...substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the simple application of chemical fertilizers is still unclear, especially under acidic and alkaline soil conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of different ratios of human waste (urine and feces) to chemical fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality, soil fertility, and soil chemical parameters in alkaline Cambisols and acidic Alisols cultivated with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.). The application variants of human waste and chemical fertilizer were as follows: (i) Control, no fertilization (CK), (ii) human waste application (HW), (iii) chemical fertilizer application (CF), (iv) 1/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P1), and (v) 2/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P2). Human waste application increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, NO3−-N, and conductivity in soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, slowed down soil acidification, and increased the yield, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of the water spinach while reducing its nitrate content. Our findings indicate that human waste substitution improved soil fertility while reducing the potential risks of soil acidification, salinization, and human exposure to nitrates. These findings may be applied to increase vegetable production and quality, improve the soil environment, and increase the utilization of human waste as a valuable resource.
Many evidences have shown that synchronization takes a key role in brain functions, but most of its theoretical studies are so far only focused on the global brain network. However, it is well-known ...that all the cognitive tasks are performed by individual local cognitive subnetworks but not the global brain network, thus it is necessary to study the synchronization of local brain networks. We here focus on this problem by considering the synchronization transition of all the 63 local subnetworks of a real brain network and interestingly find that these local networks of cortical regions may show a completely different synchronization transition from that of global brain network, i.e., non-monotonic order parameter with folding. Moreover, we find that the forward and backward processes show different synchronization transitions, such as one being the first-order synchronization transition and the other being the second-order synchronization transition, and even amplitude death, depending on the different topologies of local networks. By extensive numerical simulations, we show that the amplitude death is prefer to occur in the local networks with larger size but not prefer to occur in the local networks with smaller size. A brief theoretical analysis is presented to explain the mechanism of amplitude death.
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