The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and ...high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID‐19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID‐19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID‐19.
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has been widely spread. We aim to investigate the clinical ...characteristic and allergy status of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Methods
Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, comorbidities, laboratory data, and radiological materials of 140 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, with confirmed result of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection, were extracted and analyzed.
Results
An approximately 1:1 ratio of male (50.7%) and female COVID‐19 patients was found, with an overall median age of 57.0 years. All patients were community‐acquired cases. Fever (91.7%), cough (75.0%), fatigue (75.0%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (39.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations, whereas hypertension (30.0%) and diabetes mellitus (12.1%) were the most common comorbidities. Drug hypersensitivity (11.4%) and urticaria (1.4%) were self‐reported by several patients. Asthma or other allergic diseases were not reported by any of the patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 1.4%) patients and current smokers (1.4%) were rare. Bilateral ground‐glass or patchy opacity (89.6%) was the most common sign of radiological finding. Lymphopenia (75.4%) and eosinopenia (52.9%) were observed in most patients. Blood eosinophil counts correlate positively with lymphocyte counts in severe (r = .486, P < .001) and nonsevere (r = .469, P < .001) patients after hospital admission. Significantly higher levels of D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin were associated with severe patients compared to nonsevere patients (all P < .001).
Conclusion
Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID‐19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. Allergic diseases, asthma, and COPD are not risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Older age, high number of comorbidities, and more prominent laboratory abnormalities were associated with severe patients.
Decreased eosinophil count, which was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts, may be a potential biological indicator for diagnosing
COVID‐19 patients. Low prevalence of allergic diseases, COPD and patients with smoking history indicated they may not be the predisposing
factors of COVID‐19. Elder age, high number of comorbidities and more prominent laboratory abnormalities were associated with severe
patientsz.
Background and aims
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has recently spread worldwide and been ...declared a pandemic. We aim to describe here the various clinical presentations of this disease by examining eleven cases.
Methods
Electronic medical records of 11 patients with COVID‐19 were collected, and demographics, clinical manifestations, outcomes, key laboratory results, and radiological images are discussed.
Results
The clinical course of the eleven cases demonstrated the complexity of the COVID‐19 profile with different clinical presentations. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Laboratory detection of the viral nucleic acid can yield false‐negative results, and serological testing of virus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an alternative for diagnosis. Patients with common allergic diseases did not develop distinct symptoms and severe courses. Cases with a pre‐existing condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or complicated with a secondary bacterial pneumonia were more severe.
Conclusion
All different clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 should be taken into consideration to identify patients that need to be in strict quarantine for the efficient containment of the pandemic.
Clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 range from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Laboratory detection of the viral nucleic acid can yield false‐negative results, and serological testing of virus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an alternative for diagnosis. Patients with common allergic diseases did not develop distinct symptoms and severe courses. Cases with a pre‐existing condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or complicated with a secondary bacterial pneumonia were more severe.
The gene encoding PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor-encoding genes in human cancer. While PTEN's function in tumor suppression is well established, its relationship to ...anti-microbial immunity remains unknown. Here we found a pivotal role for PTEN in the induction of type I interferon, the hallmark of antiviral innate immunity, that was independent of the pathway of the kinases PI(3)K and Akt. PTEN controlled the import of IRF3, a master transcription factor responsible for IFN-β production, into the nucleus. We further identified a PTEN-controlled negative phosphorylation site at Ser97 of IRF3 and found that release from this negative regulation via the phosphatase activity of PTEN was essential for the activation of IRF3 and its import into the nucleus. Our study identifies crosstalk between PTEN and IRF3 in tumor suppression and innate immunity.
Strongly interacting electrons in solid-state systems often display multiple broken symmetries in the ground state. The interplay between different order parameters can give rise to a rich phase ...diagram. We report on the identification of intertwined phases with broken rotational symmetry in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). Using transverse resistance measurements, we find a strongly anisotropic phase located in a "wedge" above the underdoped region of the superconducting dome. Upon its crossing with the superconducting dome, a reduction of the critical temperature is observed. Furthermore, the superconducting state exhibits an anisotropic response to a direction-dependent in-plane magnetic field, revealing nematic ordering across the entire superconducting dome. These results indicate that nematic fluctuations might play an important role in the low-temperature phases of magic-angle TBG.
Metal-organic framework (MOF) is a class of crystalline porous solid materials which could be designed as sensors for bioactive molecules. In this study, we illustrated a novel turn-on mechanism ...based on collapse of MOF structure for luminescence MOF sensors. Taking H2S as an analyte, we validated our mechanism using a specially selected MOF material FeIII-MIL-88-NH2 for H2S sensing. The detection limit towards H2S is about 10μM, which is lower than the reported MOF sensors for H2S designing with other turn-on mechanism.
In a networked multiaxis motion control task, faults in any motor will cause the performance degradation of cooperative operation, which may considerably affect the whole network and the quality of ...products. The main objective of this article is to propose an improved observer-based fault-tolerant tracking control approach for industrial multiagent systems. First, a group of new distributed intermediate estimators is presented, where the design structure is modified to enhance the feasibility of the estimation scheme. It is shown that both of the nominal distributed intermediate estimator and the traditional extended state observer are special cases of the proposed estimator. Second, the estimation performance can be improved significantly via an online reinforcement learning estimation strategy, whose core is an adaptive switching mechanism integrated with a function block of source fault mode localization. Benefiting from satisfactory estimation results, good fault-tolerant tracking control performance can be guaranteed despite of multiple faults and disturbances. The application to a networked multiaxis motion control system demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
The recent discovery of correlated insulator states and superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
has enabled the experimental investigation of electronic correlations in tunable ...flat-band systems realized in twisted van der Waals heterostructures
. This novel twist angle degree of freedom and control should be generalizable to other two-dimensional systems, which may exhibit similar correlated physics behaviour, and could enable techniques to tune and control the strength of electron-electron interactions. Here we report a highly tunable correlated system based on small-angle twisted bilayer-bilayer graphene (TBBG), consisting of two rotated sheets of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. We find that TBBG exhibits a rich phase diagram, with tunable correlated insulator states that are highly sensitive to both the twist angle and the application of an electric displacement field, the latter reflecting the inherent polarizability of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
. The correlated insulator states can be switched on and off by the displacement field at all integer electron fillings of the moiré unit cell. The response of these correlated states to magnetic fields suggests evidence of spin-polarized ground states, in stark contrast to magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Furthermore, in the regime of lower twist angles, TBBG shows multiple sets of flat bands near charge neutrality, resulting in numerous correlated states corresponding to half-filling of each of these flat bands, all of which are tunable by the displacement field as well. Our results could enable the exploration of twist-angle- and electric-field-controlled correlated phases of matter in multi-flat-band twisted superlattices.
The limited knowledge of miRNA-lncRNA interactions is considered as an obstruction of revealing the regulatory mechanism. Accumulating evidence on Human diseases indicates that the modulation of gene ...expression has a great relationship with the interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs. However, such interaction validation via crosslinking-immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) experiments that inevitably costs too much money and time but with unsatisfactory results. Therefore, more and more computational prediction tools have been developed to offer many reliable candidates for a better design of further bio-experiments.
In this work, we proposed a novel link prediction model based on Gaussian kernel-based method and linear optimization algorithm for inferring miRNA-lncRNA interactions (GKLOMLI). Given an observed miRNA-lncRNA interaction network, the Gaussian kernel-based method was employed to output two similarity matrixes of miRNAs and lncRNAs. Based on the integrated matrix combined with similarity matrixes and the observed interaction network, a linear optimization-based link prediction model was trained for inferring miRNA-lncRNA interactions.
To evaluate the performance of our proposed method, k-fold cross-validation (CV) and leave-one-out CV were implemented, in which each CV experiment was carried out 100 times on a training set generated randomly. The high area under the curves (AUCs) at 0.8623 ± 0.0027 (2-fold CV), 0.9053 ± 0.0017 (5-fold CV), 0.9151 ± 0.0013 (10-fold CV), and 0.9236 (LOO-CV), illustrated the precision and reliability of our proposed method.
GKLOMLI with high performance is anticipated to be used to reveal underlying interactions between miRNA and their target lncRNAs, and deciphers the potential mechanisms of the complex diseases.
Moiré quantum matter has emerged as a materials platform in which correlated and topological phases can be explored with unprecedented control. Among them, magic-angle systems constructed from two or ...three layers of graphene have shown robust superconducting phases with unconventional characteristics
. However, direct evidence of unconventional pairing remains to be experimentally demonstrated. Here we show that magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene exhibits superconductivity up to in-plane magnetic fields in excess of 10 T, which represents a large (2-3 times) violation of the Pauli limit for conventional spin-singlet superconductors
. This is an unexpected observation for a system that is not predicted to have strong spin-orbit coupling. The Pauli-limit violation is observed over the entire superconducting phase, which indicates that it is not related to a possible pseudogap phase with large superconducting amplitude pairing. Notably, we observe re-entrant superconductivity at large magnetic fields, which is present over a narrower range of carrier densities and displacement fields. These findings suggest that the superconductivity in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene is likely to be driven by a mechanism that results in non-spin-singlet Cooper pairs, and that the external magnetic field can cause transitions between phases with potentially different order parameters. Our results demonstrate the richness of moiré superconductivity and could lead to the design of next-generation exotic quantum matter.
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