•Health anxiety and PTSS are more prevalent during COVID-19 pandemic.•First study to assess the mediating role of health anxiety when predicting PTSS during COVID-19 pandemic.•Health anxiety mediated ...relationship between sleep problems, fear of getting infected and PTSS.•Health anxiety had also a mediated effect between psychiatric history and PTSS symptoms.•Screening of health anxiety could be useful to identify individuals with heightened risk of PTSS.
Despite health anxiety (HA) is associated with higher incidence of anxiety disorders, no studies have examined the association between this variable and the increased levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) reported during COVID pandemic.
This study was conducted online between April and May 2020. Data were collected from 468 men and women from the Spanish general population. Sociodemographic and COVID-19-related data, health anxiety, PTSS, fear of becoming infected, social support, sleep problems and past/current psychological/psychiatric history were assessed. The mediating effect of HA when predicting PTSS was explored with mediational analyses. Moderated mediational analyses were also performed to test if receiving psychological treatment during pandemic changes the mediating effect of HA.
Prevalence of PTSS was higher in high-scorers in HA (p<.01). High HA was also more likely to be reported by women, individuals with sleep problems, frequently fear of getting infected, and those who have previously received psychological treatment (p<.01). HA mediates the relationship between PTSS and the following predictors of PTSS: sleep problems, psychiatric history and fear of getting infected. Being under psychological treatment did not moderate the mediating effect of health anxiety.
Further longitudinal studies with bigger sample sizes are needed to examine the causal relationship between HA and PTSS after COVID-19 pandemic.
Our findings suggest that HA could influence the psychological consequences of the pandemic. Screening of HA could be useful to identify people with heightened risk of developing PTSS during pandemic.
In this study, a method for estimating the maximum PV (photovoltaic) cover ratio for plastic greenhouses based on various years of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) data is presented and illustrated ...with an exemplary site in southeastern Spain. CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) GHI data from 2005 to 2023 were analyzed to estimate the DLI (daily light integral) inside the greenhouses for various PV coverage ratios with East-West or North-South orientation. The conversion from GHI to photosynthetically active radiation is performed with the usage of a regression model from literature based on satellite and measurement data. The shading effect of the PV cover is estimated with a regression model from literature based on radiation distribution simulations in different greenhouse types. The maximum PV cover ratio was derived for different minimal DLI thresholds, corresponding to different crops. The proposed methodology has been tested for the Almería region in southeastern Spain which is characterized by high solar irradiance and can be applied also to other regions with similar climatic conditions. With a required DLI of at least 12 mol/m2/day, a theoretical maximum PV coverage of about 44% is acceptable even in December at the studied site for East-West orientation, while it reaches up to 100% (June) during the year. Further, the maximum PV cover ratios for a DLI threshold range have been calculated and compared with experimental results for plastic greenhouses from literature. In 87.2% of the case studies analyzed from literature, the proposed method showed an agreement in the estimation of the effect of PV shading ratios on marketable crop yields. The study indicates that significant PV cover ratios are theoretically possible even for light demanding crops considering DLI thresholds only and can help to select a useful PV cover ratio in PV greenhouses.
•Method to estimate the maximum photovoltaic cover ratios for plastic greenhouses.•Analysis of CAMS global radiation data to estimate the DLI inside greenhouses.•Derivation of maximum PV cover ratio for different minimal DLI thresholds.•Comparison with experimental results for plastic greenhouses from literature.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the most widely used questionnaire in research and clinical practice to assess sleep quality. However, a brief version of this measure would improve its ...efficiency and applicability. This study aimed to develop a brief form of the PSQI and to study measurement invariance across gender and age in a nonclinical population. In total, 609 participants with a mean age of 37.3 years (standard deviation SD = 11.9) were recruited, of whom 71.8% (n = 437) were women. Participants completed online versions of the PSQI and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Reliability analyses were performed to reduce the number of items, followed by validity and measurement invariance analyses for the new Brief Version of the PSQI (B-PSQI). Six questions were included in the B-PSQI out of the initial 18; the brief form had adequate internal consistency (α = .79 and ω = 0.91). Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal fit of the B-PSQI (χ2(4) = 22.428; p < .01; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.99; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98; root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04), achieving partial scalar invariance across gender-same factorial structure, loadings, and thresholds in the majority of the items. Invariance across age was only achieved for model structure. Additionally, the B-PSQI yielded favorable sensitivity (75.82%) and specificity (76.99%) for classifying poor sleepers, similar to values for the full PSQI. In conclusion, the B-PSQI is a brief, reliable, and valid measure that can be used as a screening tool, allowing valid score comparisons between men and women of similar age.
Public Significance Statement
A Brief Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was developed to improve its efficiency and applicability. The 6-item B-PSQI is a reliable and valid tool to assess sleep quality and identify poor sleepers. The B-PSQI achieved invariance across gender, allowing valid comparisons of sleep quality between men and women of similar age. The findings highlight the efficiency of the B-PSQI and its wide potential use in assessing sleep quality.
Reaction of the 6π‐electron aromatic four‐membered heterocycle (IPr)2C2P2 (1) (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) with Fe2CO9 gives the neutral iron tricarbonyl ...complex Fe(CO)3‐η3‐{(IPr)2C2P2} (2). Oxidation with two equivalents of the ferrocenium salt, Fe(Cp)2(BArF24), affords the dicationic tricarbonyl complex Fe(CO)3‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2}(BArF24)2 (4). The one‐electron oxidation proceeds under concomitant loss of one CO ligand to give the paramagnetic dicarbonyl radical cation complex Fe(CO)2‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2}(BArF24) (5). Reduction of 5 allows the preparation of the neutral dicarbonyl complex Fe(CO)2‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2} (6). An analysis by various spectroscopic techniques (57Fe Mössbauer, EPR) combined with DFT calculations gives insight into differences of the electronic structure within the members of this unique series of iron carbonyl complexes, which can be either described as electron precise or Wade–Mingos clusters.
Bis‐imidazolium‐diphosphete‐diide, (IPr)2C2P2, acts as an electronically remarkably flexible ligand to iron carbonyl fragments, giving access to complexes of the general formula Fe(CO)x{(IPr)2C2P2}n+ (x=2, 3; n=0, +1, +2). Redox events involve either the metal ion or C2P2 ligand, as demonstrated by EPR, Mössbauer and computational analyses and characterize (IPr)2C2P2 as a redox active ligand.
•Opioid analgesics withdrawal is strongly associated with DSM-5 opioid-use disorder.•Withdrawal intensity increases with the severity of opioid-use disorder and pain.•Withdrawal intensity increases ...with smoking and young age.•Prescription of anxiolytics and antidepressants with opioids increases withdrawal.•Escalation of withdrawal symptoms could predict POUD in chronic pain patients.
The last version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes substantial changes for prescription opioid-use disorder (POUD). After its removal as a criterion, the goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms in long-term users of prescription opioids and its association with the new DSM-5 POUD classification.
Data were collected from 215 long-term consumers of opioid medication who were chronic non-cancer pain patients. Participants completed sociodemographic, Adjective Rating Scale for Withdrawal (ARSW), opioid treatment characteristics, POUD criteria (DSM-5), and pain intensity measurements.
26.6% of the participants were classified with moderate to severe POUD. Higher intensity of withdrawal symptoms was found in patients with moderate/severe POUD, younger age, and higher pain intensity (p < .01). Anxiolytics (p < .01) and antidepressants use (p < .05) and percentage of smokers (p < .05) were significantly higher in patients with severe withdrawal. Logistic regression analyses suggested moderate odds ratio (OR) = 3.25 and severe (OR = 10.52) withdrawal as the strongest predictor of POUD. Age, anxiolytics use, and smoking were also associated with POUD, but multilevel analysis showed that these variables do not moderate the association between withdrawal intensity and POUD.
Escalation of withdrawal intensity during opioid treatment can be used to identify patients with POUD. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings during long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain.
The nitrogen oxides NO2, NO, and N2O are among the most potent air pollutants of the 21st century. A bimetallic RhI–PtII complex containing an especially designed multidentate phosphine olefin ligand ...is capable of catalytically detoxifying these nitrogen oxides in the presence of hydrogen to form water and dinitrogen as benign products. The catalytic reactions were performed at room temperature and low pressures (3–4 bar for combined nitrogen oxides and hydrogen gases). A turnover number (TON) of 587 for the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to water and N2 was recorded, making these RhI–PtII complexes the best homogeneous catalysts for this reaction to date. Lower TONs were achieved in the conversion of nitric oxide (NO, TON=38) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2, TON of 8). These unprecedented homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions of NOx were investigated by a combination of multinuclear NMR techniques and DFT calculations, which provide insight into a possible reaction mechanism. The hydrogenation of NO2 proceeds stepwise, to first give NO and H2O, followed by the generation of N2O and H2O, which is then further converted to N2 and H2O. The nitrogen−nitrogen bond‐forming step takes place in the conversion from NO to N2O and involves reductive dimerization of NO at a rhodium center to give a hyponitrite (N2O22−) complex, which was detected as an intermediate.
Catalyzed hydrogenation of NO2, NO, and N2O is achieved under mild conditions by air stable olefin RhI–PtII bimetallic complexes. In the molecular catalysts, the Rh−Pt interaction is a direct metal−metal bond and cooperativity of both metals in substrate activation is proposed based on DFT. A hyponitrite rhodium complex is a key intermediate for the N−N bond‐forming step in the catalytic reduction of NO.
Abstract Objective Good sleep quality is essential for adolescent health, yet sleep difficulties persist in this age group. The 6-item Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was recently ...developed to improve sleep quality assessment, however, its validity in adolescents remains unexplored. This study examined the B-PSQI’s psychometric properties in Spanish adolescents and adapted the scoring method to age-specific sleep recommendations. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 1,065 adolescents (15–17 years; 56.8% female) was conducted in public high schools. Sleep quality was measured using the B-PSQI, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Additionally, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance were analyzed. Results The B-PSQI global scores were 4.5 (SD = 1.9) for the original scoring method and 5.4 (SD = 2.8) for the age-adjusted. The age-adjusted B-PSQI showed satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.84) and concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity (ISI rS = 0.67; PROMIS rS = 0.71; anxiety rS = 0.40; depression rS = 0.42; ESS rS = 0.29). Adequacy for one-factor structure (χ2(4) = 53.9; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.108; SRMR = 0.05) and invariance across sexes were supported. Both B-PSQI scoring methods showed similar psychometric properties, but the original yielded a higher percentage of poor sleepers (43.1%; cutoff ≥5) than the age-adjusted version (41.9%; cutoff ≥6). Conclusions Findings suggest that the B-PSQI is a valid and reliable measure to assess adolescent sleep quality. Its scoring can be adjusted to provide age-specific criteria for good sleep. The B-PSQI has potential utility for screening sleep problems and facilitating overall health promotion in adolescents.
A tridentate ligand L with a P,NH,N donor motif was synthesized in few steps from commercially available precursors. Upon reaction with MnBr(CO)5, an octahedral 18‐electron complex Mn(CO)3(L)Br (1) ...is obtained in which L adopts a facial arrangement. After deprotonation of the NH group in the cationic complex unit, a neutral Mn(I) amido complex Mn(CO)2(L‐H) (2) is formed under loss of CO. Rearrangement of L‐H leads to a trigonal bipyramidal structure in which the P and N donor centers are in trans position. Further deprotonation of 2 results in a dep‐blue anionic complex fragment Mn(CO)2(L‐2H)− (3). DFT calculations and a QTAIM analysis show that the amido complex 2 contains a Mn‐N bond with partial double bond character and 3 an aromatic MnN2C2 ring. The anion Mn(CO)2(L‐2H)− reacts with Ph2PH to give a phosphido complex, which serves as phosphide transfer reagent to activated olefins. But the catalytic activity is low. However, the neutral amido complex 2 is an excellent catalyst and with loadings as low as 0.04 mol %, turn over frequencies of >40’000 h−1 can be achieved. Furthermore, secondary and primary alkyl phosphines as well as PH3 can be added in a catalytic hydrophosphination reaction to a wide range of activated olefins such as α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, esters, and nitriles. But also, vinyl pyridine and some styrene derivatives are converted into the corresponding phosphanes.
A Mn(I) amido complex with a tridentate P,N,N ligand, which is easily synthesized from commercially available chemicals, is a remarkable efficient (pre)catalyst for the hydrophosphination of alkenes using secondary and primary aryl and alkyl phosphines and even PH3 as reagents.
Abstract
Due the limitations of the previous validations, the purpose of this study was to further validate the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) in a larger sample of chronic non-cancer pain ...(CNCP) patients and to examine differential item functioning (DIF) across sex. Participants (
n
=225 CNCP patients under long-term opioid therapy) completed patient characteristics, self-reported POMI and DSM-5 prescription opioid use disorder measurements. Reliability and factor structure were assessed using both item response theory and classical test theory. ROC curve analysis was used to establish the optimum cut-off score for detecting the presence of DSM-5 prescription opioid-use disorder. Concurrent validity was also tested. The POMI showed a unidimensional factor structure and acceptable internal consistency (ω
cat
=0.62). DIF analysis showed that males and females respond similarly to each item of the POMI, supporting unbiased measurement of the latent trait across both groups. A cut-off point of 2 is suggested in order to maximize the accuracy of the instrument as a first-screening tool for opioid misuse (
AUC
=0.78;
p
<0.001; CI 95%: 0.72–0.85). Concurrent validity of the POMI was high with DSM-5 moderate to severe opioid-use disorder criteria (
OR
=7.824,
p
<0.001). These results indicate that the POMI is a valid and clinically feasible screening instrument for detecting CNCP patients who misuse opioid medications. The short length of the scale could meet the needs of clinical practice as it allows clinicians to precisely identify and monitor prescription opioid misuse in both male and female patients.
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