ABSTRACT We present measurements of E-mode polarization and temperature-E-mode correlation in the cosmic microwave background using data from the first season of observations with SPTpol, the ...polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The observations used in this work cover 100 of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz. We report the E-mode angular auto-power spectrum (EE) and the temperature-E-mode angular cross-power spectrum (TE) over the multipole range 500 < ≤ 5000. These power spectra improve on previous measurements in the high- (small-scale) regime. We fit the combination of the SPTpol power spectra, data from Planck, and previous SPT measurements with a six-parameter ΛCDM cosmological model. We find that the best-fit parameters are consistent with previous results. The improvement in high- sensitivity over previous measurements leads to a significant improvement in the limit on polarized point-source power: after masking sources brighter than 50 mJy in unpolarized flux at 150 GHz, we find a 95% confidence upper limit on unclustered point-source power in the EE spectrum of at , indicating that future EE measurements will not be limited by power from unclustered point sources in the multipole range , and possibly much higher in
We report the detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect of galaxy cluster XLSSU J021744.1 -034536, using 30 GHz Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) data. This ...cluster was discovered via its extended X-ray emission in the XMM-Newton Large Scale Structure survey, the precursor to the XXL survey. It has a photometrically determined redshift z = 1.91 super(+0.19) sub(-0.21), making it among the most distant clusters known, and nominally the most distant for which the SZ effect has been measured. The spherically integrated Comptonization is Y sub(500) = (3.0 + or - 0.4) x 10 super(-12), a measurement that is relatively insensitive to assumptions regarding the size and redshift of the cluster, as well as the background cosmology. Using a variety of locally calibrated cluster scaling relations extrapolated to z ~ 2, we estimate a mass M sub(500) ~ (1-2) x 10 super(14) M sub(middot in circle) from the X-ray flux and SZ signal. The measured properties of this cluster are in good agreement with the extrapolation of an X-ray luminosity-SZ effect scaling relation calibrated from clusters discovered by the South Pole Telescope at higher masses and lower redshifts. The full XXL-CARMA sample will provide a more complete, multi-wavelength census of distant clusters in order to robustly extend the calibration of cluster scaling relations to these high redshifts.
The South Pole Telescope Summertime Line Intensity Mapper (SPT-SLIM) is a pathfinder experiment that will demonstrate the use of on-chip filter-bank spectrometers for mm-wave line intensity mapping. ...The SPT-SLIM focal plane consists of 18 dual-polarization filter-bank spectrometers covering 120–180 GHz with resolving power of 300, coupled to aluminum kinetic inductance detectors. A compact cryostat holds the detectors at 100 mK. SPT-SLIM will be deployed to the 10-m South Pole Telescope for observations during the 2023–2024 austral summer without removing the primary receiver. We discuss the overall instrument design, expected detector performance, and sensitivity to the carbon monoxide line signal at
0.5
<
z
<
2
. The technology and observational techniques demonstrated by SPT-SLIM will enable next-generation line intensity mapping experiments that constrain cosmology beyond the redshift reach of galaxy surveys.
We present a catalog of emissive point sources detected in the SPT-SZ survey, a contiguous 2530 square degree area surveyed with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) from 2008-2011 in three bands centered ...at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The catalog contains 4845 sources measured at a significance of 4.5 or greater in at least one band, corresponding to detections above approximately 9.8, 5.8, and 20.4 mJy in 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. The spectral behavior in the SPT bands is used for source classification into two populations based on the underlying physical mechanisms of compact, emissive sources that are bright at millimeter wavelengths: synchrotron radiation from active galactic nuclei and thermal emission from dust. The latter population includes a component of high-redshift sources often referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). In the relatively bright flux ranges probed by the survey, these sources are expected to be magnified by strong gravitational lensing. The survey also contains sources consistent with protoclusters, groups of dusty galaxies at high redshift undergoing collapse. We cross-match the SPT-SZ catalog with external catalogs at radio, infrared, and X-ray wavelengths and identify available redshift information. The catalog splits into 3980 synchrotron-dominated and 865 dust-dominated sources, and we determine a list of 506 SMGs. Ten sources in the catalog are identified as stars. We calculate number counts for the full catalog, and synchrotron and dusty components, using a bootstrap method and compare our measured counts with models. This paper represents the third and final catalog of point sources in the SPT-SZ survey.
We present the analysis of the complete 3 yr data set obtained with the Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) polarization experiment, operating from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole research ...station. New data obtained at the end of the 2002 austral winter and throughout the 2003 season were added to the data from which the first detection of polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation was reported. The analysis of the combined data supports, with increased statistical power, all of the conclusions drawn from the initial data set. In particular, the detection of E-mode polarization is increased to the 6.3 sigma confidence level, TE cross-polarization is detected at 2.9 sigma , and B-mode polarization is consistent with zero, with an upper limit well below the level of the detected E-mode polarization. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the cosmological model that has emerged from CMB temperature measurements. The analysis also demonstrates that contamination of the data by known sources of foreground emission is insignificant.
ABSTRACT We present CARMA 30 GHz Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) observations of five high-redshift ( ), infrared-selected galaxy clusters discovered as part of the all-sky Massive and Distant Clusters of ...WISE Survey (MaDCoWS). The SZ decrements measured toward these clusters demonstrate that the MaDCoWS selection is discovering evolved, massive galaxy clusters with hot intracluster gas. Using the SZ scaling relation calibrated with South Pole Telescope clusters at similar masses and redshifts, we find these MaDCoWS clusters have masses in the range . Three of these are among the most massive clusters found to date at , demonstrating that MaDCoWS is sensitive to the most massive clusters to at least z = 1.3. The added depth of the AllWISE data release will allow all-sky infrared cluster detection to z 1.5 and beyond.
We report the detection of CO(1-0) line emission in the bright, lensed star-forming galaxies SPT-S 233227−5358.5 (z = 2.73) and SPT-S 053816−5030.8 (z = 2.78), using the Australia Telescope Compact ...Array. Both galaxies were discovered in a large-area millimetre survey with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and found to be gravitationally lensed by intervening structures. The measured CO intensities imply galaxies with molecular gas masses of (3.2 ± 0.5) × 1010(μ/15)−1(X
CO/0.8) and (1.7 ± 0.3) × 1010(μ/20)−1(X
CO/0.8) M, and gas depletion time-scales of 4.9 × 107(X
CO/0.8) and 2.6 × 107(X
CO/0.8) yr, respectively, where μ corresponds to the lens magnification and X
CO is the CO luminosity to gas mass conversion factor. In the case of SPT-S 053816−5030.8, we also obtained significant detections of the rest-frame 115.7 and 132.4 GHz radio continuum. Based on the radio-to-infrared spectral energy distribution and an assumed synchrotron spectral index, we find that 42 ± 10 and 55 ± 13 per cent of the flux at rest-frame 115.7 and 132.4 GHz arises from free-free emission. We find a radio-derived intrinsic star formation rate of 470 ± 170 M yr−1, consistent within the uncertainties with the infrared estimate. Based on the morphology of this object in the source plane, the derived gas mass and the possible flattening of the radio spectral index towards low frequencies, we argue that SPT-S 053816−5030.8 exhibits properties compatible with a scaled-up local ultraluminous infrared galaxy.
We determine the distance to 38 clusters of galaxies in the redshift range 0.14 , z , 0.89 using X-ray data from Chandra and Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) data from the Owens Valley Radio ...Observatory and the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association interferometric arrays. The cluster plasma and dark matter distributions are analyzed using a hydrostatic equilibrium model that accounts for radial variations in density, temperature, and abundance, and the statistical and systematic errors of this method are quantified. The analysis is performed via a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique that provides simultaneous estimation of all model parameters. We measure a Hubble constant of H sub(0) = 76.9 super(+) sub(-) super(3) sub(3) super(.) sub(.) super(9) sub(4) super(+) sub(-) super(1) sub(8) super(0) sub(.) super(.) sub(0) super(0) km s super(-1) Mpc super(-1) (statistical followed by systematic uncertainty at 68% confidence) for an sub(M)= 0.3, l = 0.7 cosmology. We also analyze the data using an isothermal b-model that does not invoke the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption and find H sub(0) = 73.7 super(+) sub(-) super(4) sub(3) super(.) sub(.) super(6) sub(8) super(+) sub(-) super(9) sub(7) super(.) sub(.) super(5) sub(6) km s super(-1) Mpc super(-1); to avoid effects from cool cores in clusters, we repeated this analysis excluding the central 100 kpc from the X-ray data and find H sub(0) = 77.6 super(+) sub(-) super(4) sub(4) super(.) sub(.) super(8) sub(3) super(+) sub(-) super(1) sub(8) super(0) sub(.) super(.) sub(2) super(1) km s super(-1) Mpc super(-1) (statistical followed by systematic uncertainty at 68% confidence). The consistency between the models illustrates the relative insensitivity of SZE/X-ray determinations of H sub(0) to the details of the cluster model. Our determination of the Hubble parameter in the distant universe agrees with the recent measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project that probes the nearby universe.
In the past decade, our understanding of galaxy evolution has been revolutionized by the discovery that luminous, dusty starburst galaxies were 1,000 times more abundant in the early Universe than at ...present. It has, however, been difficult to measure the complete redshift distribution of these objects, especially at the highest redshifts (z > 4). Here we report a redshift survey at a wavelength of three millimetres, targeting carbon monoxide line emission from the star-forming molecular gas in the direction of extraordinarily bright millimetre-wave-selected sources. High-resolution imaging demonstrates that these sources are strongly gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. We detect spectral lines in 23 out of 26 sources and multiple lines in 12 of those 23 sources, from which we obtain robust, unambiguous redshifts. At least 10 of the sources are found to lie at z > 4, indicating that the fraction of dusty starburst galaxies at high redshifts is greater than previously thought. Models of lens geometries in the sample indicate that the background objects are ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, powered by extreme bursts of star formation.
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