This paper examines the EU counterterrorism policy responses to the attacks in Paris, 7-9 January 2015. It provides an overview of the main EU-level initiatives that have been put forward in the ...weeks following the events and that will be discussed in the informal European Council meeting of 12 February 2015. The paper argues that a majority of these proposals predated the Paris shootings and had until that point proved contentious as regards their efficacy, legitimacy and lawfulness. A case in point is the EU Passenger Name Record (PNR) proposal. The paper finds that EU counterterrorism policy responses to the Paris events raise two fundamental challenges: ** A first challenge is to the freedom of movement, Schengen and Union citizenship. The priority given to the expansion in the use of large-scale surveillance and systematic monitoring of all travellers including EU citizens stands in contravention of Schengen and the free movement principle. ** A second challenge concerns EU democratic rule of law. Current pressures calling for an urgent adoption of measures like the EU PNR challenge the scrutiny roles held by the European Parliament and the Court of Justice of the European Union on counterterrorism measures in a post-Lisbon Treaty setting. // The paper proposes that the EU adopts a new European Agenda on Security and Liberty based on an EU security (criminal justice-led) cooperation model firmly anchored in current EU legal principles and rule of law standards. This model would call for ‘less is more’ concerning the use, processing and retention of data by police and intelligence communities, and it would instead pursue better and more accurate use of data that would meet the quality standards of evidence in criminal judicial proceedings.
This paper examines the EU’s counter-terrorism policies responding to the Paris attacks of 13 November 2015. It argues that these events call for a re-think of the current information-sharing and ...preventive-justice model guiding the EU’s counter-terrorism tools, along with security agencies such as Europol and Eurojust. Priority should be givento independently evaluating ‘what has worked’ and ‘what has not’ when it comes to police and criminal justice cooperation in the Union. Current EU counter-terrorism policies face two challenges: one is related to their efficiency and other concerns their legality. ‘More data’ without the necessary human resources, more effective cross-border operational cooperation and more trust between the law enforcement authorities of EU member states is not an efficient policy response. Large-scale surveillance and preventive justice techniques are also incompatible with the legal and judicial standards developed by the Court of Justice of the EU.
Introduction: The ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the most widely used surgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus. It is associated with numerous mechanical complications, including distal ...catheter migration.
Case report: We present a case in which the peritoneal catheter migrated into the scrotum. The patient was admitted with asymmetric scrotal swelling and, during hospitalization, developed shunt dysfunction and infection. The shunt was withdrawn and treatment was initiated for infection. At the end of treatment, a new shunt was implanted and bilateral hernioplasty was performed by the pediatric surgery team. At follow-up, there was adequate head circumference growth and no testicular abnormalities.
Discussion: The procesus vaginalis is formed from the evagination of the peritoneum through the inguinal canal, leading to the descent of the testis during the embryonic period. The patency of this structure is the predisposing anatomical condition for the occurrence of inguinal hernia and for the migration of the shunt catheter into the scrotum. This condition is present in up to 80% of newborns and 60% of 1-year-old infants. The migration of the catheter commonly occurs until 12 months after surgery, typically on the right side.
Conclusion: The presence of scrotal swelling in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt should warrant the investigation of catheter migration.
Samples of three common commercial gutta-percha endodontic filling points (Hygienic, Mynol, and Maillefer Pink) and a sample of natural gutta-percha were submitted to thermomechanical analysis under ...pressures ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 N. Samples of Mynol and Maillefer filling points were thermally treated and then submitted to thermomechanical analysis in parallel with differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The results show that thermomechanical analysis gives results distinct from those obtained by classic dilatometry and that it is a technique well suited to the study of the thermoplastic properties of gutta-percha. An analysis of the results shows that the amount of the inorganic component used in a commercially available endodontic point has a strong influence on its thermomechanical properties. Thermodynamical properties and the "thermal history" of the gutta-percha are also important. Both temperature and force should be controlled in order to assess the thermomechanical properties of endodontic filling points, while the latter have not yet been codified in clinical procedures.
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