Tuberculosis series 2020 Silva, Denise Rossato; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz; Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia,
2020, Letnik:
46, Številka:
2
Journal Article
The human Y chromosome shows frequent structural variants, some of which are selectively neutral, while others cause impaired fertility due to the loss of spermatogenic genes. The large-scale use of ...multiple Y-chromosomal microsatellites in forensic and population genetic studies can reveal such variants, through the absence or duplication of specific markers in haplotypes. We describe Y chromosomes in apparently normal males carrying null and duplicated alleles at the microsatellite DYS448, which lies in the proximal part of the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) region, important in spermatogenesis, and made up of "ampliconic" repeats that act as substrates for nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Physical mapping in 26 DYS448 deletion chromosomes reveals that only three cases belong to a previously described class, representing independent occurrences of an~1.5-Mb deletion mediated by recombination between the b1 and b3 repeat units. The remainder belong to five novel classes; none appears to be mediated through homologous recombination, and all remove some genes, but are likely to be compatible with normal fertility. A combination of deletion analysis with binary-marker and microsatellite haplotyping shows that the 26 deletions represent nine independent events. Nine DYS448 duplication chromosomes can be explained by four independent events. Some lineages have risen to high frequency in particular populations, in particular a deletion within haplogroup (hg) C*(xC3a,C3c) found in 18 Asian males. The nonrandom phylogenetic distribution of duplication and deletion events suggests possible structural predisposition to such mutations in hgs C and G. Hum Mutat 0, 1-10, 2008.
The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages Carvalho-Silva, Denise R.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Rocha, Jorge ...
American journal of human genetics,
01/2001, Letnik:
68, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We examined DNA polymorphisms in the nonrecombining portion of the Y-chromosome to investigate the contribution of distinct patrilineages to the present-day white Brazilian population. Twelve ...unique-event polymorphisms were typed in 200 unrelated males from four geographical regions of Brazil and in 93 Portuguese males. In our Brazilian sample, the vast majority of Y-chromosomes proved to be of European origin. Indeed, there were no significant differences when the haplogroup frequencies in Brazil and Portugal were compared by means of an exact test of population differentiation. Y-chromosome typing was quite sensitive in the detection of regional immigration events. Distinct footprints of Italian immigration to southern Brazil, migration of Moroccan Jews to the Amazon region, and possible relics of the 17th-century Dutch invasion of northeast Brazil could be seen in the data. In sharp contrast with our mtDNA data in white Brazilians, which showed that ⩾60% of the matrilineages were Amerindian or African, only 2.5% of the Y-chromosome lineages were from sub-Saharan Africa, and none were Amerindian. Together, these results configure a picture of strong directional mating between European males and Amerindian and African females, which agrees with the known history of the peopling of Brazil since 1500.
HPLC-UV and MALDI imaging on citrus with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) showed higher concentrations of hesperidin in infected plants than in healthy ones. Display omitted
•MALDI imaging mass ...spectrometry was applied to study the tissue distribution of hesperidin.•HPLC-UV analyses of citrus with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) showed hesperidin was at higher concentration in leaves.•HPLC-UV analyses can screen many samples for CVC per hour using about 1mg of leaves.•Hesperidin has a role in plant–pathogen interaction, probably as a phytoanticipin.•Increase in hesperidin content can be related to induced defense mechanisms.
A high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed for quantifying hesperidin and rutin levels in leaves and stems of Citrus limonia, with a good linearity over a range of 1.0–80.0 and 1.0–50.0μgmL−1 respectively, with r2>0.999 for all curves. The limits of detection (LOD) for both flavonoids were 0.6 and 0.5μgmL−1, respectively, with quantification (LOQ) being 2.0 and 1.0μgmL−1, respectively. The quantification method was applied to Citrus sinensis grafted onto C. limonia with and without CVC (citrus variegated chlorosis) symptoms after Xylella fastidiosa infection. The total content of rutin was low and practically constant in all analyses in comparison with hesperidin, which showed a significant increase in its amount in symptomatic leaves. Scanning electron microscopy studies on leaves with CVC symptoms showed vessel occlusion by biofilm, and a crystallized material was noted. Considering the difficulty in isolating these crystals for analysis, tissue sections were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) to confirm the presence of hesperidin at the site of infection. The images constructed from MS/MS data with a specific diagnostic fragment ion (m/z 483) also showed higher ion intensities for it in infected plants than in healthy ones, mainly in the vessel regions. These data suggest that hesperidin plays a role in the plant-pathogen interaction, probably as a phytoanticipin. This method was also applied to C. sinensis and C. limonia seedlings, and comparison with the graft results showed that the rootstock had an increased hesperidin content ∼3.6 fold greater in the graft stem than in the stem of C. sinensis seedlings. Increase in hesperidin content by rootstock can be related to induced internal defense mechanisms.
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•Polymorphisms in the TLR4 and TLR9 genes were associated with cervical cancer.•The rs4986791 polymorphism showed alter the structure and stability of TLR4 protein.•The rs5743836 ...polymorphism affects transcription factors binding sites RELA and NFKB1.•The rs187084 polymorphism affects the transcription factor binding sites THAP1.•IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues.
Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) genes have been associated with cervical cancer, but some inconsistencies were found in the results. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the TLRs genes in cervical cancer, through meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Searches were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of science online databases until November 2020. For bioinformatics analysis, we used SNP2TFBS, Raptor-X, MUpro, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The results of meta-analysis showed that the +1196T (rs4986791 TLR4), +7764T (rs1927911 TLR4), -1486C (rs187084 TRL9) +2848A (rs352140 TRL9) alleles carriers and -2604G/G (rs10759931 TLR4), -1237C/C (rs5743836 TRL9) genotypes were associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the -1237T>C (rs5743836) and -1486T>C (rs187084) polymorphisms can affect the transcription factors binding sites (RELA, NFKB1 and THAP1) in the TLR9 gene, and the +2848G>A (rs352140) polymorphism seems to alter the structure and stability of TLR4 protein. Additionally, using GEPIA, was observed a significantly high of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α expression in cervical cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. These finds indicate that polymorphisms in the TLR4 and TLR9 genes can affect intracellular signaling and, consequently, change the patterns of the immune response, leading to an increased risk for cervical cancer.
to analyze the factors associated with the time to surgical treatment for breast cancer in patients seen at a reference mastology outpatient clinic in the State of Ceará.
analytical, longitudinal ...study with medical charts from the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School. We used 140 medical charts of breast cancer patients with surgeries performed during the pandemic.
the study evidenced associations between schooling and shorter time to treatment in patients who underwent biopsy before the first outpatient visit (p = 0.026; OR: 0.16; CI = 0.03-0.85); in the group who had the biopsy performed by the outpatient clinic, was associated the type of tumor (p = 0.019) and neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.000).
the lesser educational level, tumor type, and use of neoadjuvant therapy were factors associated with the time to treatment during the pandemic period.
Control of human ascariasis, the most prevalent neglected tropical disease globally affecting 450 million people, mostly relies on mass drug administration of anthelmintics. However, chemotherapy ...alone is not efficient due to the high re-infection rate for people who live in the endemic area. The development of a vaccine that reduces the intensity of infection and maintains lower morbidity should be the primary target for infection control. Previously, our group demonstrated that immunization with crude
antigens in mice induced an IgG-mediated protective response with significant worm reduction. Here, we aimed to develop a multipeptide chimera vaccine based on conserved B-cell epitopes predicted from 17 common helminth proteomes using a bioinformatics algorithm. More than 480 B-cell epitopes were identified that are conserved in all 17 helminths. The
-specific epitopes were selected based on their reactivity to the pooled sera of mice immunized with
crude antigens or infected three times with
infective eggs. The top 35 peptides with the strongest reactivity to
immune serum were selected to construct a chimeric antigen connected in sequence based on conformation. This chimera, called ASCVac-1, was produced as a soluble recombinant protein in an
expression system and, formulated with MPLA, was used to immunize mice. Mice immunized with ASCVac-1/MPLA showed around 50% reduced larvae production in the lungs after being challenged with
infective eggs, along with significantly reduced inflammation and lung tissue/function damage. The reduced parasite count and pathology in infected lungs were associated with strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the high titers of antigen-specific IgG and its subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3) in the sera and significantly increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels in lung tissues. The reduced IL-33 titers and stimulated eosinophils were also observed in lung tissues and may also contribute to the ASCVac-1-induced protection. Taken together, the preclinical trial with ASCVac-1 chimera in a mouse model demonstrated its significant vaccine efficacy associated with strong IgG-based Th2 responses, without IgE induction, thus reducing the risk of an allergic response. All results suggest that the multiepitope-based ASCVac-1 chimera is a promising vaccine candidate against
sp. infections.
Lantana canescens is popularly known in Brazil as “cidreirinha” or “chumbinho-branco”. It is found in Pantanal biome and its flowers and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat pain and ...inflammation. Information about this species is limited to the activity of isolated essential oils. Studies with different extracts, composition, and biological properties are still scarce.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activity of the hydroethanolic extract of L. canescens aerial parts.
The hydroethanolic extract L. canescens aerial parts (HELc) was analyzed using HPLC-DAD-EM. Male and female Swiss mice weighing 18–25 g were used in the in vivo assays. Acute toxicity was assessed (2000 mg/kg); anti-inflammatory activity through paw edema, mast cell degranulation and peritonitis, and anti-hyperalgesic activity through abdominal writhing assays induced by acetic acid and formalin sensitization, were evaluated using the doses of 3, 30 and 300 mg/kg.
The phytochemical characterization of HELc confirmed the presence of glycosylated iridoids (theveside, theviridoside), verbascosides and flavonoids. The HELc did not present toxicity in the evaluated dose. HELc reduced formation of paw edema, degranulation of peritoneal mast cells and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into the animals peritoneal cavity. In addition, HELc decreased the number of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and the time of paw licking in the evaluation of formalin sensitization.
These results confirm the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects of hydroethanolic extract of L. canescens, validating the use of this plant in folk medicine.
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•Hydroethanolic extract of Lantana canescens (HELc) was non-toxic at dose tested.•HELc contains flavonoids, verbascosides and glycosylated iridoid.•HELc reduced paw edema, mast cell degranulation and peritonitis in vivo.•HELc reduced inflammatory pain on acetic acid and formalin assays.
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