A produção de arroz é afetada por patógenos importantes como Magnaporthe oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Monographella albescens e Sarocladium oryzae, e fungos micorrízicos de orquídeas podem ...contribuir para o biocontrole dessas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os mecanismos de antagonismo de W. circinata contra patógenos do arroz. O ácido indolacético (AIA) e as enzimas líticas de W. circinata foram quantificadas. A eficácia do bioagente e seus metabólitos foi avaliada in vitro. O antagonismo in vivo contra a brusone do arroz também foi investigado. Waitea circinata produziu AIA (2,3 µg ml-1), celulase e polifenol oxidase em teste qualitativo. Glucanase, quitinase e protease também foram produzidas em cultura com paredes celulares e em co-cultura com patógenos para explicar a antibiose. W. circinata atua no antagonismo direto por antibiose e metabólitos voláteis. A suspensão micelial reduziu a germinação de conídios de M. oryzae, a formação de apressórios e a brusone do arroz em 61, 82 e 84%, respectivamente. W. circinata, um bioagente único, controla quatro patógenos do arroz. Os resultados podem contribuir para novas formulações contendo este fungo, enzimas, bem como seus metabólitos voláteis.
Evidence from observational studies suggests that driving pressure is strongly associated with pulmonary injury and mortality, regardless of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels, tidal ...volume, or plateau pressure. Therefore, it is possible that targeting driving pressure may improve the safety of ventilation strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the clinical effects of a driving pressure-limited strategy for ARDS has not been assessed in randomized controlled trials.
To evaluate the feasibility of testing a driving pressure-limited strategy in comparison with a conventional lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients with ARDS and a baseline driving pressure of ≥13 cm H
O.
This was a randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial that included 31 patients with ARDS who were on invasive mechanical ventilation and had a driving pressure of ≥13 cm H
O. Patients allocated to the driving pressure-limited strategy were ventilated with volume-controlled or pressure-support ventilation modes, with tidal volume titrated to 4-8 ml/kg of predicted body weight (PBW), aiming at a driving pressure of 10 cm H
O, or the lowest possible. Patients in the control group were ventilated according to the ARDSNet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network) protocol, using a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg PBW, which was allowed to be set down to 4 ml/kg PBW if the plateau pressure was >30 cm H
O. The primary endpoint was the driving pressure on Days 1-3.
Sixteen patients were randomized to the driving pressure-limited group and 15 were randomized to the conventional strategy group. All patients were considered in analyses. Most of the patients had mild ARDS with a mean arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio of 215 (standard deviation SD = 95). The baseline driving pressure was 15.0 cm H
O (SD = 2.6) in both groups. In comparison with the conventional strategy, driving pressure from the first hour to the third day was 4.6 cm H
O lower in the driving pressure-limited group (95% confidence interval CI, 6.5 to 2.8;
< 0.001). From the first hour up to the third day, tidal volume in the driving pressure-limited strategy group was kept lower than in the control group (mean difference ml/kg of PBW, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 0.9;
< 0.001). We did not find statistically significant differences in the incidence of severe acidosis (pH < 7.10) within 7 days (absolute difference -12.1; 95% CI, -41.5 to -17.3) or any clinical secondary endpoint.
In patients with ARDS, a trial assessing the effects of a driving pressure-limited strategy using very low tidal volumes versus a conventional ventilation strategy on clinical outcomes is feasible.Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02365038).
Host defense peptides are ancient weapons of the innate immunity. The human cathelicidin LL-37 protects the epithelial barrier against infection and is constitutively secreted in the bloodstream by ...immune cells. Current knowledge claims that LL-37 is up regulated upon infection. LL-37 can protect against bacterial infections and possesses many immunomodulatory properties. Here, we show that the human host defense peptide LL-37 is down regulated during septic shock. Furthermore, we show that these effects are not related to vitamin D serum levels, a potent inducer of LL-37 gene expression, pointing out the complex regulation of cathelicidins during septic shock.
RESUMO Objetivamos contribuir no refinamento de construções teóricas que subsidiem a pertinência de estudos em Educação Comparada para o adensamento da produção do conhecimento em Educação Especial. ...Observamos que em nosso país, a produção de conhecimento em Educação Especial, no âmbito da Educação Comparada, ainda é bastante escassa. Ressaltamos a necessidade de superar os modelos hegemônicos de comparação, eminentemente quantitativos e largamente utilizados pelos organismos internacionais, que estudam realidades circunscrevendo-as num perfil cultural único e ideal, e arregimentando elementos que legitimem uma política imperialista e colonizadora. Apresentamos conexões de uma perspectiva investigativa comparada com as obras de Norbert Elias, em diálogo com a história, com o objeto e com as bases teórico-metodológicas que perpassam a Educação Comparada, desde sua instituição como campo de investigação. Compreendemos a Educação Comparada como campo interdisciplinar, fundamentado num saber dinâmico e aberto metodologicamente. Afinal, os diferentes tipos de conhecimento correlacionam-se às diferenças específicas na situação das sociedades em que são produzidos. Conhecer outras realidades nos ajuda a compreender o capítulo da história humana que escrevemos com os outros.
An in vivo study was conducted to assess the effects of the consumption of Astrocaryum aculeatum Amazon Meyer (tucumã) in the treatment of diet-induced dyslipidemia in sedentary and exercised Wistar ...rats. With an average weight of 350 grams, 40 male rats were divided into 4 subgroups of 10. The sedentary control group (SCG) was fed with commercial feed, while the sedentary treatment group (STG) was fed with a ration of tucumã. In addition to the sedentary groups, two exercise groups were formed. The Exercised control group (ECG) was fed with commercial food and the exercised treatment group (ETG) was fed with a ration of tucumã. Body weight gain and food intake were monitored during the experiment. Plasma was analyzed for cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL, total protein, glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations. Our results show that the ECG group tended to consume more food, while the groups that were fed with tucumã pulp (STG and ETG) presented a greater tendency to gain body mass. ECG group showed a tendency towards a higher concentration of cholesterol in plasma, while STG and ETG presented higher absolute values for triglycerides and VLDL. No hypolipiemic effect was observed related to tucuma ingestion.
Background: CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®) was the first dengue vaccine approved, launched in Brazil in 2015 for individuals aged 9–44 years. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of CYD-TDV in preventing ...symptomatic dengue cases during a campaign targeting individuals aged 15–27 years in selected municipalities in Paraná, Brazil. Additionally, we examined whether a history of dengue, as recorded by the surveillance system, modified the vaccine's effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a case-cohort analysis comparing the frequency of vaccination, with at least one dose of CYD-TDV, in individuals with dengue confirmed by RT-PCR, identified by the surveillance system during 2019 and 2020, with the vaccination coverage in the target population. Moreover, in a case-control design using weighted controls, we assessed the documented history of dengue as a modifier of the vaccine's effectiveness. We used a logistic random-effects regression model, with data clustered in municipalities and incorporating covariates such as the incidence of dengue before the campaign, age, and sex. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as (1-relative risk) x 100%. Findings: 1869 dengue cases were identified, which had a vaccination frequency significantly lower than the overall vaccination coverage in the target population (50.3% vs. 57.2%, respectively; overall VE: 21.3%; 95% confidence interval CI: 13.4%–28.4%). In individuals with a documented history of dengue, vaccination had a VE of 71% (95% CI: 58%–80%) in reducing the incidence of dengue. However, vaccination was not associated with a significant reduction in the overall dengue case risk in individuals without a documented history of dengue (VE: 12%; 95% CI: −21% to 36%). In this last stratum, vaccination was associated with reduced cases due to DENV-1 and DENV-4, but an excess of DENV-2 cases. Interpretation: Vaccination led to a significant reduction in reported dengue cases within the target population. The case-control design suggested that this reduction was primarily driven by the benefits observed in individuals with a documented history of dengue. In endemic regions with limited serological testing facilities, a previous history of dengue diagnosis recorded by epidemiological surveillance could be used to triage candidates for CYD-TDV vaccination. Funding: Research supported by Sanofi.
CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®) was the first dengue vaccine approved, launched in Brazil in 2015 for individuals aged 9–44 years. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of CYD-TDV in preventing symptomatic ...dengue cases during a campaign targeting individuals aged 15–27 years in selected municipalities in Paraná, Brazil. Additionally, we examined whether a history of dengue, as recorded by the surveillance system, modified the vaccine's effectiveness.
We conducted a case-cohort analysis comparing the frequency of vaccination, with at least one dose of CYD-TDV, in individuals with dengue confirmed by RT-PCR, identified by the surveillance system during 2019 and 2020, with the vaccination coverage in the target population. Moreover, in a case-control design using weighted controls, we assessed the documented history of dengue as a modifier of the vaccine's effectiveness. We used a logistic random-effects regression model, with data clustered in municipalities and incorporating covariates such as the incidence of dengue before the campaign, age, and sex. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as (1-relative risk) x 100%.
1869 dengue cases were identified, which had a vaccination frequency significantly lower than the overall vaccination coverage in the target population (50.3% vs. 57.2%, respectively; overall VE: 21.3%; 95% confidence interval CI: 13.4%–28.4%). In individuals with a documented history of dengue, vaccination had a VE of 71% (95% CI: 58%–80%) in reducing the incidence of dengue. However, vaccination was not associated with a significant reduction in the overall dengue case risk in individuals without a documented history of dengue (VE: 12%; 95% CI: −21% to 36%). In this last stratum, vaccination was associated with reduced cases due to DENV-1 and DENV-4, but an excess of DENV-2 cases.
Vaccination led to a significant reduction in reported dengue cases within the target population. The case-control design suggested that this reduction was primarily driven by the benefits observed in individuals with a documented history of dengue. In endemic regions with limited serological testing facilities, a previous history of dengue diagnosis recorded by epidemiological surveillance could be used to triage candidates for CYD-TDV vaccination.
Research supported by Sanofi.
O conhecimento de grupos étnicos sobre biodiversidade e ambiente natural pode ser uma importante alternativa para estabelecer políticas conservacionistas. Assim, este estudo avaliou a percepção das ...vegetações ripárias segundo trinta produtores rurais (N=30) no município de Diorama, mesorregião noroeste de Goiás, através do conhecimento empírico de vegetais e animais, uso dos recursos naturais, além de impactos ambientais nestas fisionomias e na paisagem. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas com questionário semi-estruturado, e as informações obtidas analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. Sessenta e uma etnoespécies vegetais foram relatadas (S=61), sendo a maioria utilizada para fins medicinais (54%) e extração de madeira (33%). Foram relatadas sessenta e nove etnoespécies animais (S=69), sendo a caça uma atividade pouco citada, porém significativa entre os entrevistados (16%). A pesca, praticada por 33% dos entrevistados, serve apenas para recreação e subsistência, tendo sido abandonada por muitos com a redução da água e dos peixes nos mananciais. Todos os entrevistados declararam conservar a vegetação ripária para garantir os serviços ecossistêmicos. A substituição da paisagem nativa do município por atividades agropastoris foi associada por todos os entrevistados ao aumento da temperatura, redução das chuvas e da água nos mananciais. Este estudo demonstrou que os entrevistados possuem ampla percepção sobre as vegetações ripárias, usam significativamente seus serviços ecossistêmicos, e demonstram conhecimento sobre a importância da preservação para evitar prejuízos ambientais e econômicos. Entretanto, considerando a extração de madeira e a caça relatada por grande parte dos entrevistados, futuramente atividades de conscientização ambiental deveriam ser desenvolvidas nas comunidades estudadas. Mais estudos futuros sobre percepção das vegetações ripárias por produtores rurais são necessários, considerando a importância ecológica e econômica destas fisionomias, tanto no estado de Goiás quanto em todo o Cerrado.
The hydro-agricultural zones in the Capim river basin (Eastern Amazonia) were identified using the variations of the landscape model and the dynamics of the surface runoff. The evaluation variables ...were: morphometry basin and the relief-forming parameters, the distribution of rainfall, and the land use classes. The results indicated the segmentation of the basin in Medium-High and the Medium-Low curse, with distinct degrees of alteration. Where the most vulnerable regions belong to the Capim river valley in watersheds smaller than 700 km², and the priorities for agricultural use in topographic boundaries; which reinforces the need for a basin plan that orders the sector and recovers these areas. The Amazon basins need effective control and quantitative and qualitative monitoring of water to improve agricultural production and human supply.
As zonas hidro-agrícolas da bacia do rio Capim (Amazônia Oriental) foram identificadas utilizando as variações do modelado da paisagem e a dinâmica do escoamento superficial. As variáveis avaliadas foram: a morfometria e os parâmetros que condicionam o relevo, a distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica e as formas de uso da terra. Os resultados indicaram a segmentação da bacia em Médio-Alto e Médio-Baixo curso, com graus de alteração distintos. As regiões mais vulneráveis são próximas ao curso principal do rio Capim em sub-bacias inferiores a 700 km², e as prioritárias para o uso agropecuário nos divisores topográficos; o que reforça a necessidade de um plano de bacia que ordene o setor e recupere estas áreas. As baciasamazônicas necessitam de ações efetivas de controle e monitoramento quantitativo e qualitativo das águas, para melhoria da produção agropecuária e abastecimento humano.
Las áreas hidro-agrícolas de la cuenca del río Capim (Amazonia Oriental) se identificaron utilizando las variaciones del modelo de paisaje y la dinámica de la escorrentía superficial. Las variables evaluadas fueron: morfometría y los parámetros que condicionan el relieve, la distribución de las precipitaciones y las formas de uso del suelo. Los resultados indicaron la segmentación de la cuenca en curso medio-alto y medio-bajo, con diferentes grados de alteración. Las regiones más vulnerables están cerca del curso principal del río Capim en subcuencas de menos de 700 km², y los prioritarios para uso agrícola en los divisores topográficos; que refuerza la necesidad de un plan de cuenca que ordene el sector y recupere estas áreas. Las cuencas amazónicas necesitan acciones efectivas para controlar y el monitoreo cuantitativo y cualitativo de las aguas, para mejorar la producción agrícola y el suministrohumano.
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