This research paper presents a novel methodology for determining the burn temperature of archaeological bones using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) supported by Fourier Transform Infrared ...(FTIR) spectroscopy. A selection of bone samples, burned at different temperatures, were examined with EPR. The EPR spectra displayed dependency on burn temperature, showing characteristic narrow spectra of carbon radicals, Mn
2
+
signals and signals from different carbonate ions. This methodology was applied to selected archaeological samples of burnt bones, successfully determining the burn temperature these bones were exposed to in the past. The extracted burn temperatures showed good agreement with those determined from a complementary reflectance FTIR study.
Sex determination on skeletal remains is one of the most important diagnosis in forensic cases and in demographic studies on ancient populations. Our purpose is to realize an automatic ...operator-independent method to determine the sex from the bone shape and to test an intelligent, automatic pattern recognition system in an anthropological domain. Our multiple-classifier system is based exclusively on the morphological variants of a curve that represents the sagittal profile of the calvarium, modeled via artificial neural networks, and yields an accuracy higher than 80 %. The application of this system to other bone profiles is expected to further improve the sensibility of the methodology.
Endovenous bisphosphonate therapy seems associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional diagnostic value of hybrid SPECT/CT in 99mTc-methylene ...diphosphonate 3-phase bone scintigraphy of osteonecrosis of the jaw in bisphosphonate-treated patients.
We studied 15 patients (12 women and 3 men) with extraoral tumors affected by lytic bone metastases and multiple myeloma. All patients were previously treated with intravenous bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid) for 1-3 y, were negative for dental disease at clinical examination, and had suspected osteonecrosis of the jaw. All 15 patients underwent panoramic x-ray orthopantomography, CT or MRI (or both), microbiologic examination, 3-phase bone scintigraphy, and SPECT/CT of the maxillary region.
Three-phase bone-scintigraphy showed increased perfusion and an increased blood pool in 9 of 12 and 10 of 12 patients, respectively; at the metabolic phase, SPECT was positive in all patients and showed abnormal hyperactivity in the maxilla of 2 patients, in the mandible of 9 patients, and in both the mandible and the maxilla of 4 patients. Hybrid SPECT/CT was of particular value in 8 of 15 patients, allowing discrimination of the osteonecrotic core from nearby hyperactivity due to viable bone. Whole-body scintigraphy showed remote and multiple metastases in all patients. Orthopantomography showed nonspecific bone rarefaction in all patients but was not able to aid diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw. CT and MRI showed anomalies in all symptomatic patients: CT was helpful in evaluating both cortical and trabecular bone aspects, and MRI was able to detect soft-tissue involvement but not cortical bone destruction.
In appropriately selected oncology patients treated with bisphosphonates, an increased uptake of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in maxillary bones may suggest probable osteonecrosis of the jaw. In such cases, SPECT/CT may be of value in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of bone scanning, providing a precise functional anatomic correlation for the definition of the extent of disease.
In the realm of liver transplantation, accurately determining hepatic steatosis levels is crucial. Recognizing the essential need for improved diagnostic precision, particularly for optimizing ...diagnosis time by swiftly handling easy-to-solve cases and allowing the expert time to focus on more complex cases, this study aims to develop cutting-edge algorithms that enhance the classification of liver biopsy images. Additionally, the challenge of maintaining data privacy arises when creating automated algorithmic solutions, as sharing patient data between hospitals is restricted, further complicating the development and validation process. This research tackles diagnostic accuracy by leveraging novel techniques from the rapidly evolving field of quantum machine learning, known for their superior generalization abilities. Concurrently, it addresses privacy concerns through the implementation of privacy-conscious collaborative machine learning with federated learning. We introduce a hybrid quantum neural network model that leverages real-world clinical data to assess non-alcoholic liver steatosis accurately. This model achieves an image classification accuracy of 97%, surpassing traditional methods by 1.8%. Moreover, by employing a federated learning approach that allows data from different clients to be shared while ensuring privacy, we maintain an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. This initiative marks a significant step towards a scalable, collaborative, efficient, and dependable computational framework that aids clinical pathologists in their daily diagnostic tasks.
Reconstructing the face from the skull is important not only for forensic identification but also as a tool that can provide insight into the appearance of individuals from past populations. It ...requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines anthropological knowledge, advanced imaging methods, and artistic skills. In the present study, we demonstrate this process on the skull of an early medieval warrior from Croatia. The skeletal remains were prepared and scanned using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and examined using standard anthropological and radiological methods. The analysis revealed that the remains belonged to a 35–45-year-old male individual who had suffered severe cranial trauma, probably causing his death. From MSCT images, we reconstructed a three-dimensional (3D) model of the skull, on which we digitally positioned cylinders demarking the soft tissue thickness and created the face with a realistic texture. A 3D model of the face was then optimized, printed, and used to produce a clay model. Sculpturing techniques added skin textures and facial features with scars and trauma manifestations. Finally, after constructing a plaster model, the model was painted and refined by adding fine details like eyes and hair, and it was prepared for presentation in the form of a sculpture.
J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 390–396
The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel animal model of bisphosphonates‐associated osteonecrosis, which realistically recapitulates the same pathological ...human condition. Five Wistar rats were given intravenous zoledronic acid 0.04 mg once a week for 5 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals underwent the extraction of an upper molar, producing a 4 mm‐diameter bone defect on the same site. After 7 weeks from the extraction, the animals were clinically examined and a bone scintigraphy was carried out. After an additional week, the rats were killed and both Computerized Tomography and histological analysis were performed. Five rats, not treated with zoledronic acid and exposed to the same surgical treatment, were used as controls. At 7 weeks after the extraction, all the rats treated with zoledronic acid showed expansion of the defect and bone exposure. These features were confirmed by bone scintigraphy. The rats of the control group demonstrated epithelialization of the bone defect and a normal uptake of the contrast medium during the scan. The Computerized Tomography scan disclosed irregularity of the cortical margin and bone destruction, which were not evident in the control group. On microscopy, the samples showed necrotic bone, loss of osteocytes and peripheral resorption without inflammatory infiltrate, while the controls showed normal bone healing. The rat treated with zoledronic acid can be considered a novel, reliable and reproducible animal model to understand better the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the jaw and to develop a therapeutic approach.
Juliopolis (Iuliopolis) is an ancient city located in Nallıhan district of Ankara. The excavations at the Necropolis of Juliopolis have been carried out by the Directorate of the Anatolian ...Civilizations Museum since 2009. The necropolis is located in the Çayırhan district of Nallıhan, approximately 122 km northwest of Ankara. According to the archaeological research, the necropolis had been used during the Hellenistic Period and continued to be used during Roman and Byzantine Empires. More than 500 tombs have been uncovered so far, and a large number of human skeletons have been recovered from these tombs. This paper aims to present the preliminary results of the Juliopolis Anthropological Research Project which intends to obtain information about the lives of the inhabitants of Juliapolis or Ancient Ankara by the bioarcheological study of the human remains which were recovered in the necropolis. During the study conducted on the most crowded chamber tomb, which is considered to be in use for a long time in the necropolis, bone and tooth residues belonging at least 57 from both sexes and all age groups were found. The hair remains on the skull of an old man buried in a wooden coffin in a sarcophagus were examined with the help of light and scanning electron microscopes and their morphological characteristics were evaluated. In addition to this, a facial traits reconstruction study was performed based on the computerized tomography data of the skull obtained from a grave and a three-dimensional face of a middle-aged man who lived in Juliopolis was exposed.
A novel, unsupervised nonparametric model of multivariate probability density functions (pdf) is introduced, namely the Parzen neural network (PNN). The PNN is intended to overcome the major ...limitations of traditional (either statistical or neural) pdf estimation techniques. Besides being profitably simple, the PNN turns out to have nice properties in terms of unbiased modeling capability, asymptotic convergence, and efficiency at test time. Several matters pertaining the practical application of the PNN are faced in the paper, too. Experiments are reported, involving (i) synthetic datasets, and (ii) a challenging sex determination task from 1400 scout-view CT-scan images of human crania. Incidentally, the empirical evidence entails also some conclusions of high anthropological relevance.
Dalla città dolente Fabio Cavalli
Dante e l'arte (Barcelona, Spain),
11/2017, Letnik:
4
Journal Article
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In questo articolo si espone l’idea che l’Inferno di Dante possa essere inteso come metafora di un Carcere contemporaneo. Nell’istituto penitenziario di Roma Rebibbia i detenuti-attori, resi celebri ...dal film Cesare deve morire dei fratelli Taviani, riflettono sui concetti di colpa, pena, pietas, speranza, liberazione attraverso le visioni della Commedia. Sul palcoscenico del carcere Dante torna a rivelarsi come poeta senza tempo, capace di parlare dell’umano agire e patire con parole e idee sempre attuali e trasversali a tutti i contesti sociali e culturali. Mediante traduzioni multilingue (inglese, spagnolo, persino cinese) e multidialettali colte, le terzine diventano poesia del dolore penitenziario ed il loro ascolto può produrre negli spettatori, ma anche negli interpreti detenuti, un effetto emotivo e spirituale che potrebbe essere paragonato all’idea aristotelica della catarsi.
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