Abstract
Background
Heat waves are associated with increased mortality. In the last years the decreasing trend has been observed.
Methods
We estimated relative risks for number of deaths, for the ...observed diagnoses, sex and age, as well as 95% confidence intervals and excess deaths associated with heat waves occurring in the years from 2014 to 2018.
Results
Statistically significant were: in 2014, all, all causes (RR 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.40); male, all causes (1.26 (1.09-1.45)); female, all causes (1.27 (1.11-1.44)); 5-74 years, all causes (1.26 (1.07-1.49)): 75+ years, all causes (1.27 (1.12-1.43)); all, circulatory system (1.24 (1.06-1.45)): female, circulatory system (1.27 (1.04-1.55)); 75+ years, circulatory system (1.3 (1.1-1.55)); female, 75+ years, circulatory system (1.33 (1.08-1.64)) and all, neoplasms (1.33 (1.11-1.59)), in 2015, 75+ years, all causes (1.11 (1.00-1.22)); all, circulatory system (1.14 (1.01-1.3)) and 75+ years, circulatory system (1.17 (1.01-1.34)), in 2016, 5-74 years, circulatory system (1.17 (1.01-1.34)) and male, 5-74 years, circulatory system (1.41 (1.01-1.99)), in 2017 and 2018 no statistically significance appeared.
Conclusions
Despite increasing heat load in observed years, we did not notice a statistically significant association between heat waves and the number of deaths in the last observed years 2017 and 2018. The results indirectly indicate that we are on the right track with public health efforts to raise awareness among Slovenes about the danger of heatwaves and appropriate measures.
Key messages
Heat waves will become more frequent, more intense and will last longer in the future, Due to these facts public health efforts are continously needed. The population is growing old and chronical noncommunicating diseases increases, so the burden of heatwaves will continue for voulnerable groups.
Abstract
Background
Heat waves are associated with incresed mortalitiy, especially in old-age population.
Methods
We estimated relative risks for number of deaths, for the observed diagnoses, sex, ...and area, as well as 95% confidence intervals and excess deaths associated with heat waves occurring in the years from 2013 to 2017, for population 75+ years old.
Results
Statistically significant were: in 2014: all causes of deaths (RR = 1.27, CI 1.12-1.44); male, all causes of deaths (RR = 1.27, CI 1.04-1.56); female, all causes of deaths (RR = 1.26, CI 1.08-1.48); all, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.19, CI 1.01-1.43); female, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.23, CI 1.01-1.51); rural area (RR = 1.28, CI 1.09-1.51); urban area (RR = 1.35, CI 1.11-1.64); and in 2015: all causes of deaths (RR = 1.28, CI 1.15-1.41); male, all causes of deaths (RR = 1.27, CI 1.08-1.5); female, all causes of deaths (RR = 1.27, CI 1.12-1.45); all, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.27, CI 1.1-1.48); male, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.38, CI 1.06-1.79); female, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.23, CI 1.03-1.47); rural area (RR = 1.31, CI 1.16-1.47). No significant association in 2013, 2016 and 2017 appeared.
Conclusions
Despite increasing heat load in observed years, we did not notice a statistically significant association between heat waves and the number of deaths in the last observed years 2016 and 2017. The results indirectly show that we are on good way with our public health efforts concerning awareness of Slovenian people about the dangers heat waves bring.
Key messages
Heat waves will become more intense, will last longer and will appear more frequent. We must take care after old age population.
Chronic noncommucating diseaes increase and life expectancy also increases, so the burden of deaths during heat waves is expected to increase too.
This paper deals with the climatic and bioclimatic conditions, trends and variability in the mountainous areas of Croatia and Slovenia. Two mountain meteorological observatories were chosen: Zavizan ...in the Croatian Dinaric Alps and Kredarica in the Slovenian Julian Alps. Both have the same monitoring protocol and similar instruments. The station's natural environment remained unchanged since 1955. Therefore, the data of both observatories are extremely valuable for studying changes in sensitive mountain ecosystems in Croatia and Slovenia. Data from the period 1955-2004 were used to assess mountain climatic and bioclimatic variability and trends in both countries. The analysis of the bioclimatic conditions has been carried out using the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), which is based on the human energy balance models. The prevailing thermal sensation at both stations is very cold, varying from very cold winters to cold and cool summers. Results of the trend analysis indicate a significant increase in the thermal bioclimate index PET in both regions, mainly caused by rising air temperature, especially in spring and summer. The progressive trend test analysis indicated the beginning of positive PET trend in the 1980s - in 1981 on Zavizan and in 1988 on Kredarica. In spite of the considerable increase in thermal comfort in the last 50 years, the bioclimate conditions stayed within the range of the same class of thermal perception.
Agrometeorological services are a subset of climate services targeted to support farmers' tactical and strategic decisions, with the potential to support farmers' capacity to cope with climate ...variability and change, as well as strengthen their resilience toward climatic risks. However, the effectiveness of such services is often limited by inadequate and unsuitable means of communication with farmers. Therefore, in recent years, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and partners have focussed their efforts on improving communication through these services. At the European Meteorological Society (EMS) Annual Meeting in September 2022,
a workshop on effective communication of agrometeorological services was
held as a hybrid side event, with the aim of answering the question: “How
can we deliver efficient and effective agrometeorological services”? The
workshop was a joint endeavour of Met Éireann, the International Society
of Biometeorology, the EMS Media and Communication Committee, the Slovenian
Environment Agency, the Slovenian Meteorological Society, and the S. W. Tromp Foundation. The aim of this workshop was to advance better
communication of services to the agriculture sector as a basis for promoting
adaptive strategies for weather and climate change, which would enable
sufficient food production at present and in the future. The workshop also
provided an opportunity for transdisciplinary discussions between national
meteorological and hydrological services, universities, research institutes,
private companies, and the WMO. The topics discussed at the workshop
included learning about exemplar agrometeorological services at various
national hydrometeorological services, strengthening communication of
agrometeorological services to end-users, improving data and information
sharing, and educating end-users. The workshop resulted in a list of
recommendations for the future.
BackgroundHigh ambient summer temperatures have been shown to influence daily mortality in cities across Europe. Quantification of the population mortality burden attributable to heat is crucial to ...the development of adaptive approaches. The impact of summer heat on mortality for 15 European cities during the 1990s was evaluated, under hypothetical temperature scenarios warmer and cooler than the mean and under future scenarios derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES).MethodsA Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the number of deaths attributable to heat for each city. These estimates rely on the results of a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis that combines city-specific heat-mortality functions.ResultsThe number of heat-attributable deaths per summer ranged from 0 in Dublin to 423 in Paris. The mean attributable fraction of deaths was around 2%. The highest impact was in three Mediterranean cities (Barcelona, Rome and Valencia) and in two continental cities (Paris and Budapest). The largest impact was on persons over 75 years; however, in some cities, important proportions of heat-attributable deaths were also found for younger adults. Heat-attributable deaths markedly increased under warming scenarios. The impact under SRES scenarios was slightly lower or comparable to the impact during the observed hottest year.ConclusionsCurrent high summer ambient temperatures have an important impact on European population health. This impact is expected to increase in the future, according to the projected increase of mean ambient temperatures and frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves.
Changes in maximum and minimum daily temperatures (TMAX and TMIN, respectively) in nine selected regions of central Europe and in Bulgaria during 1951–1990 are investigated. Average series for ...central Europe are compiled and analyzed by linear trend analysis and the kernel smoothing. The increase in the annual TMAX in central Europe was, during 1951–1990, slightly lower than that of TMIN (0ċ52°C and 0ċ60°C, respectively). This results in a small decrease in the daily temperature range (DTR) by −0ċ08°C. With the exception of the spring TMIN other linear trends are insignificant. The observed insignificant trends in DTR in the central European region are related to small cloudiness changes. Long‐term fluctuations of annual TMAX, TMIN, and DTR for eight selected series during the twentieth century are also investigated.
We report on one-year continuous measurements of aerosol black carbon at the EMEP/GAW regional air quality station on Mt. Krvavec in Slovenia, where ozone concentration has been monitored routinely ...since 1991. The results show several characteristic BC and O
3 concentration patterns with positive and negative correlation.
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