Članek analizira vlogo slovenskih služkinj, večinoma priseljenk iz slovenskega okoliškega bazena in bližnjih avstrijskih dežel, ob popisu prebivalstva leta 1910 v Trstu. Osredotoča se na njihovo ...avtonomno ravnanje glede na odvisni položaj znotraj gospodinjstev ter pritiske javnosti oz. slovenskih in italijanskih nacionalnih elit v mestu. Raziskava ob pomoči javnega diskurza, arhivskega gradiva in kvantitativne analize vzorca popisnih pol cenzusa sintetizira zlasti pomen podatkov, kot sta občevalni jezik in kraj izvora služkinj, in jih interpretativno umešča v kontekst (nacionalne) identitete.
By taking into account census data, contemporary periodicals, archival material and oral sources, the article addresses the question of how the status and work possibilities of (Slovene) female ...servants in Trieste changed after the WWI with the newly established border between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It examines the persistence and permutations of their migratory routes and analyses how servants who continued to work in Trieste after the war had to deal with the Italianisation process and which organisational networks supported them. It also analyses how Slovene servants, born in places that after the war remained outside Italy, negotiated their citizenship.
S pomočjo analize antropoloških znanstvenih člankov, monografskih publikacij in ego dokumentov prispevek naslavlja vprašanje, kako so italijanski rasni teoretiki, posebno tisti iz Severno-Jadranske ...regije, rasno definirali Slovane in kako se je slovenski znanstveni prostor odzval na italijanski znanstveni rasizem. Relativno številni italijanski rasni antropologi so povsem ali vsaj delno svoje raziskovanje posvetili Severno-Jadranski regiji ali Balkanu. Njihove artikulacije se običajno niso opirale na grobo retoriko in v nasprotju s fašističnim dnevnim tiskom, o Slovencih/Jugoslovanih niso pisali kot o “manjvredni rasi”. Kljub temu pa so vendarle podajali politično-motivirane izjave, s katerimi so zagovarjali italijansko ekspanzijo na balkanski prostor in so tako vsaj posredno diskriminirali Jugoslovane.
By analyzing articles of Slovenian and Italian eugenicists and racial anthropologists, as well as their correspondence and other ego-documents, the article seeks to interpret their transnational ...cooperation and how they pseudo-scientifically or biologically defined Italians and Slavs. Additionally, the article also details how their attitudes towards these topics changed over time. The results show that an important group of Italian racial theorists supported the assimilation aspirations of fascist politics in the Balkans and that Slovene authors, along with domestic politicians, were especially opposed to Italian pronatalism in the fear that it was directed specifically towards the Slavs. In addition, some researchers adjusted their scientific interpretations to new political frameworks after WWII and during the Cold War. On the other hand, ÂÂkerlj and Gini's relatively strong connection shows how sometimes researchers adhered to their specific scientific frameworks and modes of action,.acting unexpectedly and independently from the general political circumstances.
Demografski katastrofi obeh svetovnih vojn sta skupa s težnjo po povojni »kulturni demobilizaciji« in vrnitvi v »normalne razmere « spod budili več različnih pobud, ki so v javnem diskurzu poudarjale ...pomeň dobrodelnega oziroma socialnega dela, predvsem na področju zaščite mater in otrok in še posebej vdov in sirot. Mnoge izmed teh pobud so pred drugo svetovno vojno zagovarjala in tud strok signi udejanjala slovenska ženska društva in nekatere njihove vidne predstavnice, npr. Alozija Štebi, ki je delovala tud strok signi v državnih strukturah za sociálno varstvo. Nekaterekatere spremembe, ki so jih te posameznice zagovarjale že pred vojno, so se uresničile tako po letu 1945, ко se je za takšno delo pomembno angažirala tud strok signi Antifašistična fronta žensk veliko njenih članic pa je bilo tud strok signi zaposlenih na vidnih položajih v okviru Ministrstva za sociálno varstvo. Čepravso na idejni ravni povojne akterke gotovo vsaj nekoliko upoštevale smernice, ki so jih zacrtale feministke pred vojno, saj so med drugim mnoge med njimi delovale vženskem gibanju že pred vojno, pa so same v svojih besedilih predvsem poudarjale prelom na področju sociálne politike z razmerami v obdobju pred revolucijo.
By considering contemporary Slovene newspapers, literary texts and ego documents from the turn of the 20th century, the article tries to analyze the discourse of the members of the Slovene elite ...about “proper marriage”, especially how they discussed marriages with women of other national, social and generational origin. By analyzing a sample of married couples from Ljubljana and Trieste that were part of Slovene elites the article also tries to reconstruct real marriage choices and how often these choices transcended national, social and generational boundaries.
With the help of publications, legislation, memoranda and promotional materials, this article explores how various protagonists in the Slovenian-speaking territory during World War I addressed ...mothers, and whether the phenomenon of the »militarisation of motherhood«, typical of other European countries, was also apparent in their case. In the context of the »militarisation of motherhood« discourse, the article analyses the ways of how the female (national) identity was formed. It attempts to answer the question of what (patriotic) duties were imposed on women as mothers – for example, whether as a result of the declining birth rates at that time pronatalist incentives took place in Slovenia as well, especially the ones advocating the social and health protection of (illegitimate) mothers and children. The article also analyses the views on upbringing at the time when this task was, due to the absence of fathers, irregular school education and difficult war situation, even more challenging. At the same time the article studies the representation of women as mothers mourning the deaths of their sons-soldiers. In this context it establishes that during the war the motif of a mourning, but brave and proud mother was frequent also in the Slovenian press. A separate chapter presents the views of female authors on the topic of motherhood.
Načela delovanja ženskih društev so se udejanjili v različnih oblikah pomočí in so bili v kontekstu treh političnih táborov na Slovenskem različno razviti. Toda že pred začetkom prve svetovne vojne ...so se z Dunaja širile tudi na Slovensko ideje o reformističnem socialnem delu, ki so zaživele na robu slovenskega ozemlja, v Trstu. Razmah dobrodelnega dela in množičnega angažmaja žensk v dobrodelnih društvih v prvi svetovni vojni je sprožil zametke državnega pristopa k socialnem delu, zlasti z angažmajem Alojzije Štebi in Angele Vode. Predvsem Alojzija Štebi je socialno delo razvijala v kontekstu svojega službovanja pri poverjeništvu za socialno skrb narodne vlade SHS v Ljubljani. To delovanje je v članku podrobneje predstavljeno v luči na novo odkritega arhivska gradiva.
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