Microfluidic technologies have recently been shown to hold significant potential as novel tools for producing micro- and nano-scale structures for a variety of applications in tissue engineering and ...cell biology. Over the last decade, microfluidic spinning has emerged as an advanced method for fabricating fibers with diverse shapes and sizes without the use of complicated devices or facilities. In this critical review, we describe the current development of microfluidic-based spinning techniques for producing micro- and nano-scale fibers based on different solidification methods, platforms, geometries, or biomaterials. We also highlight the emerging applications of fibers as bottom-up scaffolds such as cell encapsulation or guidance for use in tissue engineering research and clinical practice.
Microfluidic-based spinning techniques for producing micro- and nano-scale fibers, and their potential applications to tissue engineering are reviewed.
Organ-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized microfluidic 3D human tissue and organ models designed to recapitulate the important biological and physiological parameters of their in vivo counterparts. ...They have recently emerged as a viable platform for personalized medicine and drug screening. These in vitro models, featuring biomimetic compositions, architectures, and functions, are expected to replace the conventional planar, static cell cultures and bridge the gap between the currently used preclinical animal models and the human body. Multiple organoid models may be further connected together through the microfluidics in a similar manner in which they are arranged in vivo, providing the capability to analyze multiorgan interactions. Although a wide variety of human organ-on-a-chip models have been created, there are limited efforts on the integration of multisensor systems. However, in situ continual measuring is critical in precise assessment of the microenvironment parameters and the dynamic responses of the organs to pharmaceutical compounds over extended periods of time. In addition, automated and noninvasive capability is strongly desired for long-term monitoring. Here, we report a fully integrated modular physical, biochemical, and optical sensing platform through a fluidics-routing breadboard, which operates organ-on-a-chip units in a continual, dynamic, and automated manner. We believe that this platform technology has paved a potential avenue to promote the performance of current organ-on-a-chip models in drug screening by integrating a multitude of real-time sensors to achieve automated in situ monitoring of biophysical and biochemical parameters.
Direct electrochemical (EC) monitoring in a cell culture medium without electron transporter as called mediator is attractive topic in vitro organoid based on chip with frequently and long-time ...monitoring since it can avoid to its disadvantage as stability, toxicity. Here, direct monitoring with nonmediator is demonstrated based on impedance spectroscopy under the culture medium in order to overcome the limitation of mediator. The applicability of EC monitoring is shown by detecting alpha-1-anti trypsin (A1AT) which is known as biomarkers for cardiac damage and is widely chosen in organoid cardiac cell-based chip. The validity of presented EC monitoring is proved by observing signal processing and transduction in medium, mediator, medium-mediator complex. After the observation of electron behavior, A1AT as target analyte is immobilized on the electrode and detected using antibody-antigen interaction. As a result, the result indicates limit of detection is 10 ng mL
and linearity for the 10-1000 ng mL
range, with a sensitivity of 3980 nF (log g mL)
retaining specificity. This EC monitoring is based on label-free and reagentless detection, will pave the way to use for continuous and simple monitoring of in vitro organoid platform.
•Silica nanoparticles are assembled for enhanced durability and acid-resistance.•Fluorocarbon oil is used as the lubricant for self-cleaning of contaminants.•Enhanced lubricant retention is verified ...through force tensiometry.
Copper substrates are widely used in heat exchangers due to their low cost and high thermal conductivity. While copper substrates have been modified to exhibit non-wetting property via lubricant infusion to enhance condensation heat transfer efficiency, these engineered surfaces often lack chemical robustness and lubricant retention, limiting their long-term use without maintenance. In this work, we present a new strategy in which omniphobic and chemically inert fluorocarbon oil is infused into a nanostructured copper substrate reinforced with silica nanoparticles (SiNP) to achieve enhanced durability and acid-resistive properties. We demonstrate that the assembly of SiNP layer prior to lubricant infusion serves as a physical barrier and provides additional anchoring points for the lubricant to retain via capillary force. Moreover, we show that SiNP-reinforced liquid-infused surface (LIS) exhibits excellent non-wetting and self-cleaning properties, leading to enhanced stability against acid exposure as well as dust, oil, and microbial contamination. Based on the excellent long-term stability in heat transfer performance even under harsh environmental challenges, we envision that the SiNP-reinforced LIS presented in this work will provide new insight in the design of robust and maintenance-free lubricant-infused surfaces for energy and environmental applications.
Natural sharkskin features staggered‐overlapped and multilayered architectures of riblet‐textured anisotropic microdenticles, exhibiting drag reduction and providing a flexible yet strong armor. ...However, the artificial fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) sharkskin with these unique functionalities and mechanical integrity is a challenge using conventional techniques. In this study, it is reported on the facile microfabrication of multilayered 3D sharkskin through the magnetic actuation of polymeric composites and subsequent chemical shape fixation by casting thin polymeric films. The fabricated hydrophobic sharkskin, with geometric symmetry breaking, achieves anisotropic drag reduction in frontal and backward flow directions against the riblet‐textured microdenticles. For mechanical integrity, hard‐on‐soft multilayered mechanical properties are realized by coating the polymeric sharkskin with thin layers of zinc oxide and platinum, which have higher hardness and recovery behaviors than the polymer. This multilayered hard‐on‐soft sharkskin exhibits friction anisotropy, mechanical robustness, and structural recovery. Furthermore, coating the MXene nanosheets provides the fabricated sharkskin with a low electrical resistance of ≈5.3 Ω, which leads to high Joule heating (≈229.9 °C at 2.75 V). The proposed magnetomechanical actuation‐assisted microfabrication strategy is expected to facilitate the development of devices requiring multifunctional microtextures.
To mimic natural sharkskin exhibiting drag reduction and providing a flexible yet strong armor, microfabrication of multilayered 3D sharkskin comprising polymeric composites is suggested. 3D artificial sharkskin has staggered‐overlapped and multilayered architectures with riblet‐textured microdenticles which exhibit programmed anisotropic multifunction including drag reduction anisotropy, friction anisotropy, mechanical robustness, structural recovery, and Joule heating with a low electrical resistance.
Composite nanofiber mats (HA/TiO2) consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titania (TiO2) were fabricated via an electrospinning technique and then collagen (type I) was immobilized on the surface of ...the HA/TiO2 composite nanofiber mat to improve tissue compatibility. The structure and morphology of the collagen-immobilized composite nanofiber mat (HA/TiO2-col) was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The potential of the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mat for use as a bone scaffold was assessed by an experiment with osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The results showed that the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mats possess better cell adhesion and significantly higher proliferation and differentiation than untreated HA/TiO2 composite nanofiber mats. This result suggests that the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mat has a high-potential for use in the field of bone regeneration and tissue engineering.
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