Applications of conducting polymers to biosensors have recently aroused much interest. This is because these molecular electronic materials offer control of different parameters such as polymer layer ...thickness, electrical properties and bio-reagent loading, etc. Moreover, conducting polymer based biosensors are likely to cater to the pressing requirements such as biocompatibility, possibility of
in vivo sensing, continuous monitoring of drugs or metabolites, multi-parametric assays, miniaturization and high information density. This paper deals with the emerging trends in conducting polymer based biosensors during the last about 5 years.
Serratiopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.40), a proteolytic enzyme, is one of the most promising enzymes being used in biopharmaceutical industry. Mulberry phyllosphere, being an unexplored niche for exploration ...of protease production, was chosen for the present study. Protease producing bacteria were isolated from the tissues of mulberry plant as well as its rhizospheric soil. Two protease producing bacteria belonging to
Serratia
genus were found to be potential serratiopeptidase producers. Among them, the endophyte, i.e.,
Serratia marcescens
MES-4 presented 95 Units/mL activity, while the soil isolate i.e.,
Serratia marcescens
MRS-11 presented 156 Units/mL activity.
Consistent production of bioactives from microbial sources remains a big challenge for fermentation based bio-processes. Setomimycin, a rare 9,9'-bianthrylanthracene antibiotic reported to be active ...against Gram positive bacteria i.e.
Staphyloccocus aureus
,
Bacillus subtilis
,
Bacillus cereus
, and
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, including mycobacteria is one of the least exploited antibiotic. Present work aims to enhance and maximize setomimycin production using One Factor at a Time (OFAT) approach, followed by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) design in 30L fermenter. Four most influential parameters, namely carbon source, nitrogen source, air and agitation were selected for optimization studies. The optimized production medium supplemented with 150 g/L glycerol and 7.5 g/L soyabean meal with an agitation rate of 100 RPM and air flow rate of 20 LPM (Liters Per Minute) resulted in 675 mg/L setomimycin production within 96–108 h of fermentation as compared to the initial production i.e. 40 mg/L. Thus, an overall enhancement of 16.8 folds was achieved in setomimycin production after optimization in 30L fermenter.
Graphical Abstract
The taxonomic position of novel bianthraquinone antibiotic producer
Streptomyces
strain RA-WS2, a soil isolate from Shivalik region of NW Himalayas, India, has been described. The isolate produces ...Setomimycin as a major secondary metabolite under defined submerged fermentation conditions. 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing of the isolate indicated its closest similarity (99.4%) with
Streptomyces cyaneochromogenes
, followed by
Streptomyces aquilus.
However
,
the morphological characteristics i.e. colony colour, mycelium and spore chain arrangement were found to be close to
Streptomyces aquilus.
Therefore, a polyphasic approach was used for taxonomic positioning of the isolate. The Whole genome based similarity with 88.4% dDDH value, 98.65% ANI and 96.99% AAI value indicated its closest identity with
Streptomyces justiciae
. The taxonomic characteristics such as white colony with smooth surface, cylindrical spores arranged in straight chain, diffusible melanin production, high salt tolerance, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenomic studies, led to the identification of the strain as
Streptomyces justiciae
RA-WS2. The predicted biosynthetic gene clusters further confirmed the presence of the BGC for setomimycin biosynthesis in
Streptomyces justiciae
strain RA-WS2.
Exploration of microbial dynamics of Streptomyces lavendulae ACR-DA1, a psychrotrophic isolate from the North-Western Himalayan cold desert, was carried out using matrix-assisted laser desorbtion ...ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometer. Valinomycin was found as a major produce and cyclic depsipeptide montanastatin as a minor produce. The yield of the valinomycin was found to be 0.3 mg l
in submerged growth condition at the batch scale. Miniaturization of optimization experiments was adept to maximize the production using the expeditious and efficient technique of intact cell mass spectrometry. The present study showed that using optimized conditions and growing the culture in synthetic mineral base starch medium at 10 °C enhanced the production to 19.4 mg l
. Our results demonstrated 64-fold increase in yield from the wild-type S. lavendulae ACR-DA1 strain using a simple and economical downstream process.
Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme extensively used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Present work reports a thermoactive serratiopeptidase from
Serratia marcescens
AD-W2, a soil ...isolate from the North-Western Himalayan region of India. The extracellular metalloprotease has been purified by a simple two-step procedure resulting in a specific activity of 20,492 Units/mg protein with 5.28-fold purification. The molecular mass of the metalloprotease, as determined by SDS-PAGE was ~ 51 kDa. The purified serratiopeptidase presented optimum activity at pH 9.0, temperature 50 °C and stability in wide pH and temperature range. Critical temperature of 50 °C confirmed the thermoactivity of the purified serratiopeptidase. The kinetic studies of the purified serratiopeptidase revealed V
max
and K
m
of 57,256 Units/mL and 1.57 mg/mL, respectively, for casein. The purified serratiopeptidase from
S. marcescens
AD-W2 was found to be 100% identical to serralysin from
Serratia marcescens
ATCC 21074/E-15. The catalytic domain comprising of Zn coordinated with three histidine residues (His192, His196, His202), along with glutamate (Glu193) and tyrosine (Tyr232) residues, further confirmed that the purified protein is identical to serralysin.
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins or G-proteins are pivotal players in the intricate signaling cascades of plant cells, operating through their binding to guanine nucleotides. These G-proteins ...primarily consist of three essential subunits: Gα, Gβ, and Gγ. Among these subunits, Gγ stands out for its remarkable genetic diversity. In the present investigation, six Gγ subunits were identified in the Indian variety T-163 of the pea plant (Pisum sativum). Notably, two of these novel Gγ subunits, named PsGγ1 and PsGγ2, belong to type A, while PsGγ3 falls within the type B category. The remaining three subunits, namely PsGγ4, PsGγ5, and PsGγ6, are classified under type C. An in-depth comparison of the amino acid sequences of these pea Gγ subunits with their counterparts in other plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, has unveiled significant variations. This research explores the impact of different treatments on PsGγ genes (PsGγ1 to PsGγ6) in plants. Noteworthy discoveries include a 4-fold increase in the expression of PsGγ1, PsGγ4, PsGγ5, and PsGγ6 in the presence of nitrogen. PsGγ2 and PsGγ3, however, show no response. Phosphorus induces a 3-fold upregulation in PsGγ2 and PsGγ4, and a 4-fold increase in PsGγ5. Conversely, the absence of phosphorus triggers a 4-fold upregulation in PsGγ4 and PsGγ5. Heat stress leads to a 3-fold upregulation in PsGγ2, PsGγ4, and PsGγ5, while cold stress results in a 3-fold upregulation of PsGγ1 and PsGγ6. Under high salt conditions, PsGγ1, PsGγ3, PsGγ4, and PsGγ6 exhibit a 4-fold upregulation, with PsGγ2 showing a 2-fold increase. PsGγ4 and PsGγ5 display a 4-fold upregulation in response to ABA, while PsGγ2 and PsGγ3 show a 3-fold increase while MeJA induces a 4-fold upregulation in PsGγ5. Notably, this study unveils, for the first time, the significant role of Gγ subunits during endosymbiotic associations with phosphorus-acquiring AMF with AMF triggering a 4-fold upregulation in PsGγ4 and PsGγ6. The presence of multiple Gγ subunits in pea underscores their critical participation in governing plant development, stress responses, nutrient sensing, and interactions with mycorrhizal fungi.
•Pea possesses six Gγ subunits.•Gγ subunits in pea play a role in responding to abiotic stress.•The regulation of pea Gγ genes is influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.
A new secalonic acid derivative, F-7 (1), was isolated from the endophytic Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102, associated with Rosa damascena. The planar structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D ...and 2D NMR and ESI-TOF-MS spectra. The relative configuration of 1 was determined applying a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach and, afterward, the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra determined the assignment of its absolute configuration. The compound possesses strong cytotoxic activity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. It was found to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 1 induced mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis, arresting the G1 phase of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the compound causes significant microtubule disruption in TNBC cells. Subsequently, 1 restricted the cell migration leading to the concomitant increase in expression of cleaved caspase and PARP.
Phialomustin A–D ( 1–4 ), four new bioactive metabolites, with an unprecedented azaphilone derived skeleton, were isolated and characterized from an endophytic fungus isolated from Crocus sativus . ...The ITS-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal gene sequence of the endophyte displayed a sequence similarity of more than 99% with Phialophora mustea . The structural determinations of compounds ( 1–4 ) were authenticated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers of 1 , 3 and 4 were determined by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Compounds 3 and 4 showed promising antifungal activities against Candida albicans , with IC 50 values of 14.3 and 73.6 μM, whereas compound 2 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against the human breast cancer cell line, T47D, with an IC 50 of 1 μM.
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