Cervical cancer is a major health problem caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which affects more than 500,000 women every year worldwide. Majority of the cases occur in less developed ...countries since there are lack of availability of effective screening methods for diagnosis. Therefore, a fast, accurate and early detection platform is developed for HPV detection. The current study describes a sensitive, specific, easy and a cost-effective label free DNA based electrochemical biosensor for HPV-16 detection.
Detection of HPV-16 is performed by an electrochemical platform coated with chitosan capped gold nanoparticles (ccAuNPs). These nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) analysis, Fourier Transfer Infrared Ray analysis (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The probe DNA (PDNA) was then immobilized onto the nanoparticle modified electrode and hybridized with target DNA (TDNA). The electrochemical analysis was done at each step of modification using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV).
The biosensor responds to TDNA concentration range from 1 pM to 1 μM and the limit of detection is 1 pM with the sensitivity of 0.39 mA pM−1. This proposed biosensor achieved good performance of the PDNA/ccAuNPs modified ITO electrode.
The results illustrate that the developed nanotechnology-based electrochemical DNA biosensor provides very low detection limit in picomolar level. It also exhibited excellent selectivity and stability, which is important for potential applications in the onsite analysis of HPV-16 and in medical diagnosis.
The rates of medication non-adherence among Indian patients with schizophrenia are high, and its detection poses problems. Comparisons of suitable measures to detect medication non-adherence in ...schizophrenia from Indian outpatient settings are scarce.
This study compared simple and inexpensive methods of detecting medication non-adherence in schizophrenia among outpatients from a tertiary-care center in North India.
A longitudinal comparison of two self-reports, the Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire and the Drug Attitude Inventory-10, clinicians' ratings employing the Compliance Rating Scale, and clinic-based pill counts was conducted among 70 outpatients with schizophrenia. The rates and detection of medication non-adherence, associations with determinants of treatment non-adherence, and agreement between measures were examined at intake and after six months of follow-up (n = 53).
The self-reports had greater ability to detect medication adherence (specificity 41-65%; positive predictive values 25-51%; negative likelihood ratios 0.86-1.14) and moderate ability to detect medication non-adherence (sensitivity 27-65%; negative predictive values 49-69%; positive likelihood ratios 0.78-1.10). They yielded higher medication non-adherence rates, detected changes in medication non-adherence over time, and were associated with the other measures and the well-known correlates of medication non-adherence. Clinicians' ratings and pill counts had high sensitivity (56-90%) but low specificity (35-49%) to detect medication non-adherence.
Self-reports are comparatively better screening options for detecting medication non-adherence among Indian outpatients with schizophrenia. However, the sequential use of different measures could lead to better recognition of medication non-adherence.
Introduction:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the precision of dimensional measurements in digital panoramic radiographs (PRs) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated ...panoramic images.
Materials and Methods:
Ten dry human mandibles were subjected to direct anthropometric measurements, digital panoramic radiography, and CBCT scans. Vertical and horizontal measurements were made between predetermined points by two observers. Paired
t
-test was applied for the comparative analysis.
p
value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done followed by
post-hoc
Bonferroni test to correlate the measurements got by the three modalities.
Results:
Except for two vertical measurements (V2 and V4) there was statistically significant difference in relation to all the measurements. The highest mean difference was observed in relation to H4, which was 12.60 mm lesser on digital PR in comparison to the anatomic measurements. Also, except for two vertical measurements V1 and V5, all the other measurements were underestimated by the digital PR.
Conclusion:
Measurement done in reconstructed PR and digital PRs in the region of posterior tooth-bearing region and condylar region are statistically similar.
Purpose: To describe a clinical entity called "rectus muscle pseudo-adherence syndrome" following buckling surgery. Methods: A retrospective data review was undertaken to analyze the clinical profile ...of strabismus patients who had developed it following buckling surgery. Between 2017 and 2021, a total of 14 patients were identified. The demography, surgical details, and intraoperative challenges were reviewed. Results: The average age of the 14 patients was 21.71 ± 5.23 years. The mean pre-op deviation was 42.35 ± 14.35 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia, and the mean post-op deviation was 8.25 ± 4.88 PD of residual exotropia at 26.16 ± 19.53 months follow-up. Intraoperatively, in the absence of a buckle, the thinned-out rectus adhered to the underlying sclera with much denser adhesions along its margins. When there was a buckle, the rectus muscle adhered to the outer surface of the buckle again, but less densely, with marginal union into the surrounding tenons. In both scenarios, due to the absence of protective muscle coverings, the rectus muscles were naturally adsorbed onto the immediately available surface in the presence of active healing by the tenons. Conclusion: While correcting ocular deviations following buckling surgery, a false sense of an absent, slipped, or thinned-out rectus muscle is very much possible. This is due to active healing of the muscle with the surrounding sclera or the buckle in a single layer of tenons. This is the rectus muscle pseudo-adherence syndrome, where the culprit is the healing process and not the muscle.
Neonatal sepsis is a prime cause of neonatal deaths across the globe. Presently, various medical tests and biodevices are available in neonatal care. These diagnosis platforms possess several ...limitations such as being highly expensive, time-consuming, or requiring skilled professionals for operation. These limitations can be overcome through biosensor development. This work discusses the assembling of an electrochemical sensing platform that is designed to detect the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The sensing platform was moderated with nanomaterials molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS
2
NSs) and silicon dioxide-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe
3
O
4
@SiO
2
NPs). The integration of nanomaterials helps in accomplishing the improved characteristics of the biosensor in terms of conductivity, selectivity, and sensitivity. Further, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) approach was incorporated for sensing the presence of TNF-α on the surface of the working electrode. The electrochemical response of the electrode was recorded at different conditions. A broad concentration range was selected to optimize the biosensor from 0.01 pM to 100 nM. The sensitivity of the biosensor was higher and it exhibits a lower detection limit (0.01 pM).
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially hard for children and adolescent’s mental health due to their inherent vulnerabilities and added stress of lockdown, mobility ...restrictions, school closure, absence of peer interaction. This case report highlights the unmasking of obsessive compulsive symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic stress and the role of inherent vulnerabilities in a 11-year-old female. The management of the index case emphasised upon age appropriate strategies for intervention. Although, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) is not a stress disorder per se but the index case highlights the role of stress in manifestation of mental illness in vulnerable individuals favouring the biopsychosocial model for mental illness.
Neonatal sepsis is considered as alarming medical emergency and becomes the common global reason of neonatal mortality. Non-specific symptoms and limitations of conventional diagnostic methods for ...neonatal sepsis mandate fast and reliable method to diagnose disease for point of care application. Recently, disease specific biomarkers have gained interest for rapid diagnosis that led to the development of electrochemical biosensor with enhanced specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness. Other than conventional biomarker C-reactive protein to diagnose neonatal sepsis, several potential biomarkers including Procalcitonin (PCT), Serum amyloid A (SAA) and other candidates are extensively investigated. The present review provides insights on advancements and diagnostic abilities of protein and nucleotide based biomarkers with their incorporation in developing electrochemical biosensors by employing novel fabrication strategies. This review provides an overview of most promising biomarker and its capability for neonatal sepsis diagnosis to fulfil future demand to develop electrochemical biosensor for point-of-care applications.
In this endeavor, a novel electrochemical biosensor was designed using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)- and nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs)-embedded anandamide (AEA) imprinted polymer. The NiNPs so ...synthesized were mortared with MWCNTs and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor, respectively. The characterization methods of AEA-based MIP included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, which supported the successful synthesis of the polymer. Electrochemical studies of fabricated sensor were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in potentiostatic mode (PEIS). In this first phase of AEA-specific sensor development, MWCNT/NiNP/MIP@SPE was found to successfully discriminate between different concentrations of AEA. The developed sensing platform demonstrated a 100 pM–1 nM linear range with a 0.01 nM detection limit (LOD), 0.0149 mA/pM sensitivity, and 50% stability within 4 months. The sensor demonstrated selectivity toward AEA: although acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine acted as strong interfering components because of their chemical similarity, the spiked AEA samples demonstrated ∼90% recoveries. Hence, our results have passed the first step in AEA detection at home, although with a clinical setup, future advancement is still required.
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