The use of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)–CaCO3 porous microsphere hybrid as a matrix for enzyme immobilization to increase the performance of an amperometric biosensor.
A method is described for ...construction of an amperometric oxalate biosensor by immobilizing a barley root oxalate oxidase (OxOx) onto AuNPs–CaCO3 porous microsphere hybrid encapsulated in silica sol and deposited on Au electrode.
The biosensor showed optimum response within 4s at pH 5.0 and 30°C, when polarized at +0.4V vs. Ag/agCl. The biosensor possesses high sensitivity and measures oxalate concentrations as low as 1.0μmol/L. The working linear range was from 1.0 to 1000μmol/L of oxalate. The biosensor measured urinary and plasma oxalate of normal persons and stone formers.
The use of AuNPs–CaCO3 porous microsphere hybrid as a support for immobilization of OxOx has resulted into an improved amperometric oxalate biosensor.
► Constructed amperometric oxalate biosensor based on OxOx/AuNPs-CaCO3 microsphere. ► Biosensor showed optimum response within 4s at 0.4V, pH 5.0 and 30°C. ► Response was linear between 1.0-1000μmol/L oxalic acid concentrations. ► Biosensor measured urinary & plasma oxalate of normal persons and stone formers.
Single molecule detection is necessary to find out physical, chemical properties and their mechanism involved in the normal functioning of body cells. In this way, they can provide a new direction to ...the healthcare system. Various techniques have been developed and employed for their successful detection. Herein, we have emphasized various traditional methods as well as biosensing technology which offer single molecule sensitivity. The various methods including plasmonic resonance, nanopores, whispering gallery mode, Simoa assay and recognition tunneling are discussed in the initial part which has been followed by a discussion about biosensor-based detection. Plasmonic, SERS, CRISPR/Cas, and other types of biosensors are focused in this review and found to be highly sensitive for single molecule detection. This review provides an overview of progression in different techniques employed for single molecule detection.
•It is important to measure single molecule concentration for detection of several diseases including cancer.•Summary of different methods developed to study biomolecules at single molecule level are discussed in this review.•Single molecule detection is more successful now with help of different techniques ranging from microscopy to biosensors.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are known to have varied etiology. Among known etiologic causes, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is reported to be one of the infections associated with ...neurodevelopmental disorders. CRS has been reported to be associated with large number of psychiatric manifestation. However, data from developing countries on psychiatric manifestations of CRS are nonexistent. In this report, we present the case of a 7-year-old boy, who presented with mental retardation, atypical autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Since birth, the child was found to have congenital cardiac defects and was found to have bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss since the age of 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multifocal symmetrical T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in bilateral cerebral hemisphere suggestive of sequelae of congenital rubella infection.
•Organophosphate and carbamate inhibit AChE activity.•Electrochemical biosensors show high sensitivity, selectivity and low cost.•AChE used widely as a biomarker for pesticide detection.
...Organophosphates and carbamates pesticides are widely used to increase crop production globally causing a threat to human health and the environment. A variety of pesticides are applied during different stages of vegetable production. Therefore, monitoring the presence of pesticide residues in food and soil has great relevance to sensitive pesticide detection through distinct determination methods that are urgently required. Conventional techniques for the detection of pesticides have several limitations that can be overcome by the development of highly sensitive, fast, reliable and easy-to-use electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we describe the types of biosensors with the main focus on electrochemical biosensors fabricated for the detection of OPPs and carbamates pesticides. An overview of conventional techniques employed for pesticide detection is also discussed. This review aims to provide a glance of recently developed biosensors for some common pesticides like chlorpyrifos, malathion, parathion, paraoxon, and carbaryl which are present in food and environment samples.
•Focus on electrochemical and optical sensor for alpha-synuclein (α-syn) detection.•Briefing of potential role of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in neural diseases.•Interpretation of major aptamer based ...sensor for significant sensing capability.•Outlook and challenges on the type of sensor for alpha-synuclein (α-syn) detection.
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is 14 kDa protein (140 amino acid) and considered as major biomarker in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies. The normal physiological activity of the protein is very poorly understood, but it plays important role in synaptic functions and vesicle trafficking. Misfolding, aggregation and mutation of α-syn lead to formation of Lewy bodies (LBs) along with other proteins such as ubiquitin, Tau, parkin, synphilin-1, neurofilament and Microtubule-Associated Protein (MAP) 1B. The α-syn from category of neural diseases has great potential to be applied in diagnostic and disease management approaches. While scientists around the globe are targeting this field, ultrasensitive detection techniques still remains a challenge. Even after discovery of α-syn in 90’s, till date very few electrochemical and optical sensors are designed, and none of them are commercialized yet. There is an urgent need to develop reliable, and accurate detection platform for α-syn as point-of-care testing (POCT). To promote the novel and advanced sensors, this review article is summarized by incorporating recent encouraging developments and technical breakthrough in sensing technologies along with integration of nanotechnology for α-syn detection. In the last section of this review article, we have discussed recent trends, challenges and future perspectives of α-syn based sensing platforms.
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