The five-year overall survival (OS) of advanced-stage ovarian cancer remains nearly 25-35%, although several treatment strategies have evolved to get better outcomes. A considerable amount of ...heterogeneity and complexity has been seen in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to establish gene signatures that can be used in better prognosis through risk prediction outcome for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Different studies' heterogeneity into a single platform is presented to explore the penetrating genes for poor or better survival. The integrative analysis of multiple data sets was done to determine the genes that influence poor or better survival. A total of 6 independent data sets was considered. The Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to obtain significant genes that had an impact on ovarian cancer patients. The gene signatures were prepared by splitting the over-expressed and under-expressed genes parallelly by the variable selection technique. The data visualisation techniques were prepared to predict the overall survival, and it could support the therapeutic regime.
We preferred to select 20 genes in each data set as upregulated and downregulated. Irrespective of the selection of multiple genes, not even a single gene was found common among data sets for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. However, the same analytical approach adopted. The chord plot was presented to make a comprehensive understanding of the outcome.
This study helps us to understand the results obtained from different studies. It shows the impact of the heterogeneity from one study to another. It shows the requirement of integrated studies to make a holistic view of the gene signature for ovarian cancer survival.
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic and induced lockdown among the Indian ...population. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 people residing in India. Data were collected on sociodemographic variables, psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward COVID-19 and the induced lockdown via an online survey. Kessler's K10 scale was used to measure psychological distress and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) was used to evaluate functional impairment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistic and Chi-square test were applied, where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Pearson's analysis was used to measure the correlation between psychological distress and functional impairment. Results: Overall, the mean age of the study participants was 29.24 (standard deviation = 7.869) years. Majority of the study participants were female (63.9%). On applying K10 scale, it was found that 20% of the participants suffered from mild psychological distress and 16.1% were moderate-to-severely distressed. On applying WSAS scale, it was found that 23.9% of the study participants suffered from significant functional impairment and 7.9% from severe functional impairment. On assessing the social attitude, 63.9% of the participants purchased groceries from local market and 56.8% said that they would visit mall after the lockdown gets over. Eating out in a restaurant (P = 0.028) and visiting shopping mall (P = 0.032) after the lockdown gets over were significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusion: Our findings identified the level of psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic and the induced lockdown. Such evidences can be used to formulate interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of people during such emergencies.
3–10mol % Mn doped TiO2 nanopowders show strong photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which was observed by measuring the degradation of methylene blue. The optimum Mn/Ti ratio was ...observed to be 3mol % for photocatalytic applications. In contrast, little degradation was observed for the pure TiO2 powder. Display omitted
► Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel method. ► When TiO2 powders calcined at 300–800°C, the transformations such as anatase to rutile phase occurred. ► Optical measurements indicated a red shift in the absorption band edge upon Mn doping. ► Photocatalytic activity of Mn-doped TiO2 is significantly higher under visible light as compared to UV light. ► Optimum concentration of Mn doped TiO2 was observed to be 3mol % for photocatalytic applications.
Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ti1−xMnxO2; where x=0.00–0.10) were synthesized by sol–gel method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV–Vis spectrometer. The SEM and TEM micrographs revealed the agglomerated spherical-like morphology and measurements show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 10–20nm. Optical measurements indicated a red shift in the absorption band edge after Mn doping. Direct allowed band gap of undoped and Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles measured by UV–Vis spectrometer were 3.00 and 2.95eV at 300°C, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and Mn doped TiO2 were evaluated by irradiating the sample solution of methylene blue (MB) dye under ultraviolet and visible light exposure. It was found that Mn-doped TiO2 bleaches MB much faster than undoped TiO2 upon its exposure to the visible light as comparison to ultraviolet light. The experiment demonstrated that the photodegradation efficiency of Mn-doped TiO2 was significantly higher than that of undoped TiO2 upon its exposure to visible light.
3–10mol% Fe doped ZnS nanopowders show strong photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which was observed by measuring the degradation of methylene blue. The optimal Fe/Zn ratio was ...observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications. In contrast, little degradation was observed for the pure ZnS powder. Display omitted
•Fe doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method.•ZnS powders calcined at 100°C are in cubic phase and the size of crystallites is in the range of 2–5nm.•Photocatalytic activity of Fe doped ZnS significantly higher under visible light as compared to UV light.•Optimal concentration of Fe doped ZnS was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications.
Fe doped ZnS nanoparticles (Zn1−xFexS; where x=0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10) were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectrometer. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope studies show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 2–5nm. Photocatalytic activities of ZnS and 3, 5 and 10mol% Fe doped ZnS were evaluated by decolorization of methylene blue in aqueous solution under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. It was found that the Fe doped ZnS bleaches methylene blue much faster than the undoped ZnS upon its exposure to the visible light as compared to ultraviolet light. The optimal Fe/Zn ratio was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications.
Cu doped ZnS nanoparticles (Zn1−xCuxS; where x=0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10) were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ...scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectrometer. The X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscope studies show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 2–10nm. XRD study revealed that the samples are composed of cubic phase without doping and at 3mol% Cu doping concentration while at the doping of 5mol% and 10mol% Cu, phase transition from cubic blende to hexagonal phase occurs in ZnS. Photocatalytic activities of ZnS and 3, 5 and 10mol% Cu doped ZnS were evaluated by decolorization of methylene blue in aqueous solution under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. It was found that the Cu doped ZnS bleaches methylene blue much faster than the undoped ZnS upon its exposure to the visible light as compared to the ultraviolet light. The optimal Cu/Zn ratio was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications.
•Cu doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method.•ZnS powders calcined at 100°C are in cubic phase and the size of crystallites is in the range of 2–10nm. At higher concentration of Cu (x=0.05 and 0.10) small traces of hexagonal phase are formed.•Photocatalytic activity of Cu doped ZnS significantly higher under visible light as compared to UV light.•Optimal concentration of Cu doped ZnS was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications.
3, 5 and 10mol% Fe doped CdS nanopowders show strong photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which was observed by measuring the degradation of methylene blue. The optimum Fe/Cd ...ratio was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications. In contrast, little degradation was observed for the pure CdS powder. Display omitted
► Fe doped CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. ► With increased the Fe doping concentration, the position of the Raman bands shifted towards higher wavenumbers and their intensities decreased drastically. ► Optical measurements indicated that the absorption edge shifted towards the longer wavelength side in Fe doped CdS nanoparticles. ► Fe doped CdS nanoparticles show excellent Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. ► Optimum concentration of Fe doped CdS was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications.
Fe doped CdS nanoparticles (Cd1−xFexS; where x=0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10) were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman and UV–vis spectrometer. The XRD and TEM measurements show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 2–10nm. With increased the Fe doping concentration, the position of the Raman bands shifted towards higher wavenumbers and their intensities decreased drastically. Optical measurements indicated that the absorption band edge shifted towards longer wavelength upon Fe doping. Direct allowed band gap of undoped and Fe doped CdS nanoparticles measured by UV–vis spectrometer were 2.3 and 2.2eV at 100°C, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of CdS and Fe doped CdS were evaluated by irradiating the solution of methylene blue (MB) and sample under visible light. It was found that Fe doped CdS bleaches MB much faster than undoped CdS upon its exposure to the visible light. The optimum Fe/Cd ratio was observed to be 3mol% for photocatalytic applications. In contrast, little degradation was observed for the pure CdS powder.
Software projects reckon on the bug tracking systems to guide software maintenance activities. The critical information about the nature of the crash is carried by the bug reports which are submitted ...to bug repositories. This information is in free form text format and is submitted by users or developers. A large amount of bug reports gets collected in bug repositories. Out of these submitted bugs, many reports are mere identical of the already existing bugs. Furthermore, not all non-duplicate bugs are reproducible in nature. This paper introduces
DENATURE
, a two step framework for detecting duplication and identifying bug type. The proposed framework will help to minimize time and developer’s effort utilized in resolution of bug reports which will further improvise overall software quality. Information retrieval techniques are used for finding duplicate bugs and machine learning classification techniques are used for identifying the type of bug report. Through experiments, we found that the proposed framework obtained prediction accuracy up to 88.81%.
Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles (Cd
1−
x
Mn
x
S; where
x
= 0.00–0.10) were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning ...electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–Vis spectrometer. The XRD and TEM measurements show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 10–40 nm. Optical measurements indicated a red shift in the absorption band edge upon Mn doping. The direct allowed band gaps of undoped and Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles measured by UV–Vis spectrometer were 2.3 and 2.4 eV at 400 °C, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of CdS and Mn-doped CdS were evaluated by irradiating the solution to ultraviolet light and taking methyl orange (MO) as organic dye. It was found that 5 mol% Mn-doped CdS bleaches MO much faster than undoped CdS upon its exposure to the ultraviolet light. The experiment demonstrated that the photo-degradation efficiency of 5 mol% Mn-doped CdS was significantly higher than that of undoped CdS.
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