To evaluate how eucalyptus leaf polyphenol extract (EPE) affects chicken meat color and taste, we added different levels of EPE (0%, 0.06%, 0.09%, and 0.12%) to chicken feed. The redness (a* value) ...and the myoglobin content of breast muscle in EPE group were remarkably higher. Furthermore, the guanosine monophosphate, histidine, and glycine muscle contents were also enhanced. Transcriptome analysis showed that 10 candidate genes related to meat quality were affected by EPE treatment. The identified genes, with functions critical to chicken meat color and taste, will help to determine the molecular mechanisms of EPE.
Sugarcane is a significant crop plant with the capability of accumulating higher amount of sucrose. In the present study, a high sucrose content sugarcane mutant clone, GXB9, has been studied in ...comparison to the low sucrose mother clone B9 on morphological, agronomical and physiological level in order to scrutinize the variation because of mutation in GXB9 in field under normal environmental condition. The results showed that GXB9 has less germination, tillering rate, stalk height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of internodes, internode length and internode diameter than B9. Qualitative traits of leaf and stalk displayed significant variation between GXB9 and B9. Endogenous hormones quantity was also showed variation between the two clones. The relative SPAD reading and chlorophyll a, b concentrations also showed variation between GXB9 and B9. The photosynthetic parameter analysis indicated that the GXB9 has significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) than B9. The qRT-PCR analysis of genes encoding enzymes like SPS, SuSy, CWIN, and CeS showed upregulation in GXB9 and downregulation in B9. However, these genes were significantly differentially expressed between the immature and maturing internodes of GXB9. The cane quality trait analysis showed that GXB9 had higher juice rate, juice gravity purity, brix, juice sucrose content and cane sucrose content than B9. The yield and component investigation results indicated that GXB9 had lower single stalk weight, however higher number of millable stalks per hectare than B9, and GXB9 had lower theoretical cane yield than B9. SSR marker analysis showed genetic variation between GXB9 and B9. This study has shown significant variation in the traits of GXB9 in comparison to B9 which advocates that GXB9 is a high sugar mutant clone of B9 and an elite source for future breeding.
As a probiotic, enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, gastric acid resistance, bile salt resistance, etc. It can also effectively improve animal ...performance and immunity and improve the animal’s intestinal environment, so in recent years it has been more widely used in the livestock industry. However, due to the improper use of antibiotics and the growing environmental stress of strains, the drug resistance of enterococcus faecium has become more and more serious, and because some enterococcus faecium carry virulence genes, leading to the emergence of pathogenic strains, its safety issues have been widely concerned. This paper focuses on the biological characteristics of enterococcus faecium, the application of this bacterium in animal husbandry and the safety issues in its use, with a view to providing a reference for the application of enterococcus faecium in the development of animal husbandry.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is a noteworthy crop in the world for sugar and bioenergy production. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis was steered for a high sucrose mutant Guixuan B9 ...(GXB9) and the low sucrose mother genotype B9 of sugarcane during sugar accumulating stage. A total of 112,170 unigenes were obtained, and 106,026 (94.52%) were annotated by using the available public databases nonredundant, Gene ontology, COG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Swiss‐Prot, and Pfam. Functional assignment analysis of unigenes exhibited that they were active in a diversity of metabolic pathways. The vital unigenes for sucrose metabolism and accumulation were relatively characterized in the immature internodes (int. 5, 6) and maturing internodes (int. 13, 14) of GXB9 in comparison with B9. The differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) encoding sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS, EC2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC2.4.1.13), and invertase (EC3.2.1.26), which are the vital enzymes functioning in the biosynthesis and splitting of sucrose, in the internodal tissues were revealed by using Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform, and verified by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. The DEGs encoding SPS proteins SPS1, SPS2, SPS4, and SPS5 were upregulated in the maturing internodes of GXB9 compared with B9. The DEGs encoding SuSy proteins were majorly upregulated in the immature internodes of GXB9, and those encoding the enzymes involved in trehalose synthesis were downregulated in GXB9 compared with B9. The results in this study have revealed the opportunities for future sugarcane improvement by concentrating on the DEGs linked to sucrose metabolic pathways by applying omics technologies.
Sugarcane, transcriptome, SPS, SuSy, CWIN, T6P, Sugar, Illumina Hiseq 2000.
Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) is a traditionally edible fruit that is good for treatment of biliary diseases, bronchitis, etc. It has obvious anti‐inflammatory activity, but few studies focus on ...its anti‐inflammatory active substance basis. The purpose of this study was to explore the material basis of anti‐inflammatory activity of P. emblica, purify, and identify anti‐inflammatory active monomers. Fisetin and gallic acid, which were identified after separation from ethanol extract components of P. emblica, exhibited the best anti‐inflammatory effects, markedly inhibiting nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine levels in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. In particular, fisetin with significant anti‐inflammatory activity was firstly identified from P. emblica. For the first time, our research systematically revealed the material basis of the anti‐inflammatory effects of P. emblica from the perspective of the composition of the bioactive substances and provided scientific research methods and ideas for researching bioactive monomers in other plant extracts.
Anti‐inflammatory active monomers from Phyllanthus emblica were purified and identified. Fisetin was firstly identified from Phyllanthus emblica. Fisetin and gallic acid seem to be at least particially responsible for anti‐inflammatory effect of Phyllanthus emblica.
Eucalyptus leaf polyphenols extract (EPE) has been proved to have various bioactivities, but few reports focus on its antioxidant mechanism in vivo. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ...effect and mechanism of EPE dietary supplements on antioxidant capacity in chicken. A total of 216 chickens were randomly selected for a 40-day experiment. Four treatment groups received diets including the control diet only, the control diet + low EPE (0.6 g/kg), the control diet + moderate EPE (0.9 g/kg), and the control diet + high EPE (1.2 g/kg). Compared with control group, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in the breast muscle of the moderate EPE treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05), while the malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the moderate EPE group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of the breast muscle revealed that glutathione metabolism and the peroxisome were the two crucial metabolic pathways responsible for increased antioxidant capacity of the muscle. Accordingly, nine candidate genes and two candidate proteins were identified related to improved antioxidant status induced by EPE supplements. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of antioxidant capacity in chickens treated with EPE dietary supplements.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a global health problem for which there is no current food and drug administration (FDA)-approved therapy. Oenothein B (OEB) is a macrocyclic dimer ellagic tannin ...that possesses abundant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties.
In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of OEB against ALD was investigated
and
.
We found that OEB treatment dramatically reduced alcohol-induced hepatic injury, as evidenced by decreased levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory biomarkers and increased antioxidant capacity in OEB-treated groups.
OEB treatment alleviated oxidative stress by upregulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibited inflammation by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, OEB treatment positively improved alcohol-induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis by modulating the structure and composition of gut microbiota. Interestingly, we observed the increasement of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers (
) and the decreasement of Gram-negative bacteria (
) in the OEB treatment groups, which may contribute to the inhibition of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via the gut-liver axis. In summary, our findings indicate that OEB is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating ALD.
Low temperature stress affects the yield and quality of crops. To adapt to abiotic stress, plant tubulin families play a crucial role to increase cell cold stability. In the present study, our aim ...was to develop transgenic tobacco by using a cold-responsive
SoTUA
gene isolated from
Saccharum
spp. hybrid. Based on fluorescent microscope observation and
TUA
gene expression analysis in different tissues,
TUA
gene expression was found mainly in veins. Moreover, a significant increase of
TUA
transcripts and protein under cold stress was detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot in the transgenic plants. Results of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and proline, soluble sugar and protein contents indicated oxidative damage is less than wild type (WT). Overexpression of
SoTUA
gene has improved the cold stress tolerance ability in tobacco.
► Plant invasion increases soil nutrients. ► Plant invasion increases nitrogen-fixing bacterial (NFB) number and diversity. ► NFB strains belong to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and ...Bacteroidetes. ► Numerically dominant NFB were similar among invaded and non-invaded soils.
This study evaluated the soil characteristics and nitrogen-fixing bacterial (NFB) communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of an invasive plant, Ageratina adenophora, in Southwest of China. In a large geographic range, heavily invaded (HI) soils generally had higher nutrient levels compared with lightly invaded (LI) and non-invaded (NI) ones. The NFB number and species diversity of HI soils were significantly greater than those of NI ones. A total of 416 NFB isolates were divided into 47 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). They were phylogenetically categorized into Proteobacteria (63.9%), Actinobacteria (32.2%), Firmicutes (1.9%) and Bacteroidetes (1.9%). At a lower taxonomic level, these isolates were grouped into 20 genera, among which, the dominant isolates were Arthrobacter, Mitsuaria, Burkholderia, Sinorhizobium, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium. The phylogenetical structures of NFB communities obtained from HI, LI and NI soils were slightly different, with their phylogenetic structure similarity indices (θYC) being less than 0.8. However, the percentages of isolates represented by the shared species between any two communities were more than 80%, and in most cases, nearly 100%. There were 16 OTUs shared by these three communities (HI, NI and LI), representing 351 isolates (84.38% of total isolates). These facts indicated that numerically dominant species among HI, LI and NI soils were highly similar. In conclusion, A. adenophora invasion significantly increased the NFB number and diversity of soils, but did not change their phylogenetic structure of core community.
Background
The significance of sugarcane as a major crop is due to the production of sucrose and a significant source of ethanol. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), Sucrose synthase (SuSy), and cell ...wall invertase (CWIN) genes regulate sucrose metabolism and accumulation in high sucrose sugarcane; such genes are significant for manipulating sucrose content. The current study explored the genes associated with sucrose metabolism and accumulation in a high sucrose sugarcane mutant clone GXB9 compared to its low sucrose parental clone B9.
Results
A total of 100, 262 differentially expressed genes were obtained, and 69, 637 (69.46%) got annotation in public databases COG, GO, KEGG, KOG, Pfam, eggNOG, NR, and Swiss-Prot. The SPS5 gene was significantly up-regulated in the maturing internodes of GXB9 and downregulated in B9. The SuSy and CWIN genes were up-regulated in the immature internodes; however, no expression was found in the maturing internodes of GXB9. The genes involved in trehalose synthesis were downregulated in GXB9 while up-regulated in B9. The cellulose synthase (CeS) genes were significantly up-regulated in the immature internodes than in maturing internodes of GXB9.
Conclusions
The key finding of this research suggests that the SPS5 gene has a predominant role in enhancing the sucrose accumulation ability of GXB9. No expression of SuSy and CWIN genes in maturing internodes and downregulation of trehalose genes in GXB9 may also have contributed to the higher sucrose accumulation in the stalk of high sucrose mutant. The current finding is a source for sugarcane breeding, particularly improving sucrose content.
Graphical Abstract
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