A novel system of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water using concentrated solar energy has been constructed, installed and tested at the State Key Laboratory of ...Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF). The “proof of concept” tests for solar-thermal gasification of biomass in supercritical water (SCW) were successfully carried out. Biomass model compounds (glucose) and real biomass (corn meal, wheat stalk) were gasified continuously with the novel system to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effect of direct normal solar irradiation (DNI) and catalyst on gasification of biomass was also investigated. The results showed that the maximal gasification efficiency (the mass of product gas/the mass of feedstock) in excess of 110% were reached, hydrogen fraction in the gas product also approached to 50%. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the system and the advantage of the process, which supports future work to address the technical issues and develop the technology of solar-thermal hydrogen production by gasification of biomass in supercritical water.
The polar format algorithm (PFA) is a frequency-domain algorithm with high computational efficiency especially for the high resolution imaging applications in wide-angle staring synthetic aperture ...radar (WAS-SAR). Because of the image distortion and defocus caused by plane wave assumption, the effective imaging scene is limited to a small region which is defined as the defocus-negligible region. In this article, a novel sub-block imaging algorithm which first applied to WAS-SAR is proposed. This method combines sub-block imaging and spatially variant post-filtering (SVPF) which can not only effectively extend the depth of focus of PFA but also greatly reduces the computational burden. What's more, the method of mosaic image is proposed in this article which can eliminate discontinuity between adjacent sub-blocks. First, the large scene is segmented into multiple regions along range direction and the size of each region is still larger than that of the defocus-negligible region. Second, refocusing is implemented by a phase compensation of the already de-chirped signal with the center of sub-blocks, respectively, and each sub-block image is formed by PFA. Third, the region in each sub-block that exceeds the defocus-negligible region is corrected by SVPF and the image distortion can be corrected by 2-D interpolation. Finally, the mosaic image method is applied to get the large-scene image with high quality. The algorithm proposed in this article is efficient and solves the problems in the process of SAR image mosaic such as dislocation and grayscale differences. The simulated and experimental data results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithm.
The effect of organic montmorillonite (OMMT) on cold crystallization of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) in different conditions including during the DSC heating process and during the annealing treatment was ...evaluated. The variations of crystalline structure of PLLA in different samples were comparatively investigated by using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that OMMT exhibits an apparent nucleation effect for the cold crystallization of PLLA matrix. During the annealing treatment, the degree of crystallinity (Xc) increases with the increase of OMMT content. Specifically, the presence of OMMT leads to the formation of α΄-form crystallites. Study on the hydrolytic degradation behaviours of different samples shows that the hydrolytic degradation rate decreases with the increase of Xc, but it increases with the increase of OMMT content. The enhanced hydrophilicity and the formation of α΄-form crystallites are suggested to be the main reasons for the greatly improved hydrolytic degradation ability of samples which contain high content of OMMT. Furthermore, hydrolytic degradation also induces the change of microstructure of the samples. For pure PLLA, hydrolytic degradation promotes the increase of Xc. However, for PLLA/OMMT nanocomposites, hydrolytic degradation leads to the decrease of Xc and the degree of the decrease is dependent on the content of OMMT.
With the development of big data and cloud computing, the demand for cloud computing services is growing dramatically.When users apply for cloud computing services, their privacy data needs to be ...stored and computed on cloud platforms, which may cause leakage of private data.Homomorphic encryption allows direct computation on ciphertexts, and the decryption of the resulting ciphertext is the same as computing on plaintexts, so homomorphic encryption can protect users' private data.Here a framework for two parties in the semi-honest model is considered.The client encrypts the privacy data into ciphertext according to a homomorphic encryption scheme and sends it to the server, and the server uses the plain machine learning model to classify the encrypted data from the client.Finally, the server sends the encrypted classification result back to the client, and the client decrypts the classification result by itself.With the framework above, three machine learning classifiers, the hyperplane, decision tree, and k
The rapid global emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a substantial public health concern. Livestock manure serves as a key reservoir for tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs), serving ...as a means of their transmission to soil and vegetables upon utilization as a fertilizer, consequently posing a risk to human health. The dynamics and transfer of TRGs among microorganisms in vegetables and fauna are being investigated. However, the impact of different vegetable species on acquisition of TRGs from various manure sources remains unclear. This study investigated the rhizospheres of three vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, and cucumbers) grown with chicken, sheep, and pig manure to assess TRGs and bacterial community compositions via qPCR and high-throughput sequencing techniques. Our findings revealed that tomatoes exhibited the highest accumulation of TRGs, followed by cucumbers and carrots. Pig manure resulted in the highest TRG levels, compared to chicken and sheep manure, in that order. Bacterial community analyses revealed distinct effects of manure sources and the selective behavior of individual vegetable species in shaping bacterial communities, explaining 12.2% of TRG variation. Firmicutes had a positive correlation with most TRGs and the intl1 gene among the dominant phyla. Notably, both the types of vegetables and manures significantly influenced the abundance of the intl1 gene and soil properties, exhibiting strong correlations with TRGs and elucidating 30% and 17.7% of TRG variance, respectively. Our study delineated vegetables accumulating TRGs from manure-amended soils, resulting in significant risk to human health. Moreover, we elucidated the pivotal roles of bacterial communities, soil characteristics, and the intl1 gene in TRG fate and dissemination. These insights emphasize the need for integrated strategies to reduce selection pressure and disrupt TRG transmission routes, ultimately curbing the transmission of tetracycline resistance genes to vegetables.
The high temperature deformation behavior of vacuum powder forging FGH95 alloy was studied by Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation testing machine. The hot compression test was carried out at the ...deformation temperature of 1090-1170 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.01-10 s−1. The flow stress-strain curves under the corresponding conditions were obtained. The effects of deformation conditions on the microstructure evolution of vacuum powder forging FGH95 alloy were analyzed by EBSD. After considering the influence of temperature，strain rate and strain on the flow behavior of the alloy，the Arrhenius equation was selected to establish the constitutive model of vacuum powder forging FGH95 alloy，and the parameters of vacuum powder forging FGH95 alloy were obtained. The relationship between material parameters and strain was fitted and the obtained constitutive equation was verified.The results show that the flow stress of FGH95 alloy prepared by vacuum powder forging process decreases with the increase of temperature and inc
•This research discusses the creative skills development in Chinese higher polytechnic colleges.•The research purpose is to evaluate the key problems faced by students.•The research involves the ...analysis of factors influencing the development of students’ creative skills in China.
A modern educational environment demands technical students to have well-developed creative skills. The study emphasizes the relevance of developing and implementing an educational programme aimed at fostering the creative abilities of students in technical disciplines within higher polytechnic colleges in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The scholars applied a randomized method for the experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of 212 students enrolled in the Department BLINDED, BLINDED College (Pingdingshan, China). Before the experiment, all participants had an inadequate level of verbal and non-verbal creativity skills. The experimental group followed a six-month creativity training once a week, while the control group learned the standard curriculum. The scholars used the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking to assess the creative skills of students. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in the average creativity scores among students who completed the training. These results highlight the importance of developing creative skills in future engineers and technical professionals in China and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed training. The practical application of this training approach helps educators improve the quality of education and train highly qualified specialists in technical industries.
Black rot disease, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted, severely affects both plant growth and post-harvest storage of sweet potatoes. Invertase (INV) enzymes play essential roles in ...hydrolyzing sucrose into glucose and fructose and participate in the regulation of plant defense responses. However, little is known about the functions of INV in the growth and responses to black rot disease in sweet potato. In this study, we identified and characterized an INV-like gene, named IbINV, from sweet potato. IbINV contained a pectin methylesterase-conserved domain. IbINV transcripts were most abundant in the stem and were significantly induced in response to C. fimbriata, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid treatments. Overexpressing IbINV in sweet potato (OEV plants) led to vigorous growth and high resistance to black rot disease, while the down-regulation of IbINV by RNA interference (RiV plants) resulted in reduced plant growth and high sensitivity to black rot disease. Furthermore, OEV plants contained a decreased sucrose content and increased hexoses content, which might be responsible for the increased INV activities; not surprisingly, RiV plants showed the opposite effects. Taken together, these results indicate that IbINV positively regulates plant growth and black rot disease resistance in sweet potato, mainly by modulating sugar metabolism.
Soil organisms are abundant, phylogenetically and functionally diverse, and interact to catalyse and regulate critical soil processes. Understanding what structures belowground communities is ...therefore fundamental to gaining insight into ecosystem functioning. Dominant plants have been shown to influence belowground communities both directly and indirectly through changes in abiotic and biotic factors. In a field study, we used piecewise structural equation modelling to disentangle and compare the effects of a dominant allelopathic plant,
, and a dominant facilitative plant,
, on understory plant, soil microbial and nematode community composition in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau.
was associated with changes in edaphic variables (total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, pH and ammonium), understory plant and soil bacterial communities, whereas
was associated with increased soil ammonium content and soil fungal richness relative to dominant plant-free control plots. Moreover, nematode richness was significantly greater under
, with no change in nematode community composition. By contrast, nematode richness under
was similar to that of dominant plant-free control plots, but nematode community composition differed from the control. The effects of both plants were predominantly direct rather than mediated by indirect pathways despite the observed effects on understory plant communities, soil properties and microbial assemblages. Our results highlight the importance of plants in determining soil communities and provide new insight to disentangle the complex above- and belowground linkages.
Third-party punishment, as an altruistic behavior, was found to relate to inequity aversion in previous research. Previous researchers have found that altruistic tendencies, as an individual ...difference, can affect resource division. Here, using the event-related potential (ERP) technique and a third-party punishment of dictator game paradigm, we explored third-party punishments in high and low altruists and recorded their EEG data. Behavioral results showed high altruists (vs. low altruists) were more likely to punish the dictators in unfair offers. ERP results revealed that patterns of medial frontal negativity (MFN) were modulated by unfairness. For high altruists, high unfair offers (90:10) elicited a larger MFN than medium unfair offers (70:30) and fair offers (50:50). By contrast, for low altruists, fair offers elicited larger MFN while high unfair offers caused the minimal MFN. It is suggested that the altruistic tendency effect influences fairness consideration in the early stage of evaluation. Moreover, the results provide further neuroscience evidence for inequity aversion.
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