The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV ...serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133–163 of VP1 and amino acids 1–33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.
The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV ...serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.
Background Excessive daytime sleepiness （EDS） is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and contributes to a number of comorbidities in these patients. Therefore, ...early detection of EDS is critical in disease management. We examined the association between Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） and multiple sleep latency test （MSLT） and diagnostic accuracy of ESS in assessing EDS in OSAHS patients. Methods The ESS, MSLT and overnight polysomnography were administered to 107 Chinese patients to assess EDS and its correlations with polysomnographic parameters. The diagnostic accuracy of ESS in classifying EDS （mean sleep latency （MSL） 〈10 minutes） was evaluated by calculating the area under ROC curve. Results As the severity of OSAHS increased, MSL decreased with increase in ESS score. Conversely, patients with worsening EDS （shorter MSL） were characterized by advanced nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep disruption compared to those with normal MSL, suggesting EDS is associated with more severe OSAHS. There was a negative correlation between ESS score and MSL and both moderately correlated with some polysomnographic nocturnal hypoxaemic parameters. The area under ROC curve of ESS for identifying EDS was 0.80 （95% CI： 0.71 to 0.88） and ESS score 〉12 provided the best predictive value with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 69%. Conclusion The ESS score moderately correlates with MSL and our ROC study supports ESS as a screening strategy for assessing EDS in OSAHS.
Background
Primary gastric linitis plastica (GLP) is a distinct phenotype of gastric cancer with poor survival. Comprehensive molecular profiles and putative therapeutic targets of GLP remain ...undetermined.
Methods
We subjected 10 tumor-normal tissue pairs to whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). 10 tumor samples were all GLP which involves 100% of the gastric wall macroscopically. TCGA data were compared to generate the top mutated genes and the overexpressed genes in GLP.
Results
Our results reveal that GLP has distinctive genomic and transcriptomic features, dysfunction in the Hippo pathway is likely to be a key step during GLP development. 6 genes were identified as significantly highly mutated genes in GLP, including AOX1, ANKRD36C, CPXM1, PTPN14, RPAP1, and DCDC1). MUC6, as a previously identified gastric cancer driver gene, has a high mutation rate (20%) in GLP. 20% of patients in our GLP cohort had CDH1 mutations, while none had RHOA mutations. GLP exhibits high immunodeficiency and low AMPK pathway activity. Our WTS results showed that 3 PI3K-AKT pathway-related genes (PIK3R2, AKT3, and IGF1) were significantly up-regulated in GLP. Two genes were identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC), IGF2BP3 and MUC16, which specifically expressed in diffuse-type-related gastric cancer cell lines, and its knockdown inhibits PI3K-AKT pathway activity.
Conclusions
We provide the first integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiles of GLP, which may facilitate its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary dysfunctional disease, characterized by progressive vascular remodeling. Inflammation is an increasingly recognized feature of PAH, ...which is important for the initiation and maintenance of vascular remodeling. High levels of various inflammatory mediators have been documented in both PAH patients and experimental models of PAH. Similarly, multiple immune cells were found to accumulate in and around the wall of remodeled pulmonary vessels and in the vicinity of plexiform lesions, respectively. On the other hand, inflammation is also a bridge from autoimmune diseases to PAH. Autoimmune diseases always lead to chronic inflammation, characterized by the low-level persistent infiltration of immune cells, and elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, circulating autoantibodies are found in the peripheral blood of patients, indicating a possible role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of PAH. Thus, anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy might be new strategies to prevent or even reverse the process of PAH. Many anti-inflammatory agents and immunotherapies have been confirmed in animal models while some clinical trials employing immunotherapies are completed or currently underway. Here, we review pathological mechanisms associated with inflammation and immunity in the development of PAH, and discuss potential interventions for the treatment of PAH.
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This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic activity of microRNA-10b by targeting CUB and sushi multiple domains protein 1 (CSMD1) in human gastric cancer (GC) and the underlying mechanisms.
The ...expression of CSMD1 in human GC tissues was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The expressive abundance of microRNA-10b was detected by stem-loop RT-PCR. Molecular and cellular techniques, including lentiviral vector-mediated knockdown or overexpression, were used to elucidate the effect of microRNA-10b on the expression of CSMD1.
CSMD1 was targeted and downregulated by microRNA-10b in human GC tissues and cells, and the down-regulated expression of CSMD1 contributed to poor survival. The knockdown of microRNA-10b expression inhibited cell proliferation in GC cells
and tumor growth
The inhibition of microRNA-10b expression repressed invasion and migration of HGC27 cells and retarded GC cells metastasis to the liver in Balb/c nude mice. The up-regulated expression of microRNA-10b promoted the proliferation and metastasis of MKN74 cell
Intratumoral injection of microRNA-10b mimic also promoted the growth and metastasis of tumor xenografts in Balb/c nude mice. Mechanistically, microRNA-10b promoted the invasion and metastasis of human GC cells through inhibiting the expression of CSMD1, leading to the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway that links inflammation to carcinogenesis, subsequently resulting in the upregulation of c-Myc, cyclin D1 (CCND1), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.
The findings established that microRNA-10b is an oncomiR that drives metastasis. Moreover, a set of critical tumor suppressor mechanisms was defined that microRNA-10b overcame to drive human GC progression.
Plants are readily exposed to the antibiotics residues in reclaimed water indicating an urgent need to comprehensively analyze their ecotoxicological effects and fate of these emerging contaminants. ...Here, we unraveled the dissemination of enrofloxacin (ENR) in a pasture grass, Lolium perenne L., and identified multistage defense systems as its adaptation mechanism. Uptaken concentrations of ENR ranged from 1.28 to 246.60 µg g−1 with bioconcentration factors (BCF) upto 15.13, and translocation factors (TF) upto 0.332. The antioxidant enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were increased by upto 115%. Further transcriptomics demonstrated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutathione metabolism were significantly up-regulated by 1.56–5.93, 3–7 and 1.04–6.42 times, respectively; whilst, the DEGs in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism pathways were significantly up-regulated by 1.06–5.64 and 2.64–3.54 folds. These processes can supply energy, signaling molecules, and antioxidants for detoxification of ENR in ryegrass. Such results provide understanding into fasting grass adaptability to antibiotics by enhancing the key protective pathways under organic pollutant stresses in environments.
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•Accumulated enrofloxacin in ryegrass leaves ranged from 1.28 to 246.60 µg g−1.•Significantly suppressed photosynthesis has been observed.•Network analysis showed key genes in energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and sulfur metabolism.•A multistage defense mechanism in ryegrass plays essential role for detoxification of enrofloxacin.
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•The PtO@Ti3C2/TiO2 composite is obtained via Ti3C2 MXene in-situ conversion and following PtO nanodots photo-deposition.•The Ti3C2 MXene and PtO nanodots effectively separate the ...photogenerated electrons and holes.•The PtO nanodots also largely suppress the hydrogen back reaction.•The PtO@Ti3C2/TiO2 composite demonstrates remarkable photocatalytic H2 production efficiency.
Increasing the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and preventing the hydrogen back oxidation are two key challenges in photocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, we report a promising PtO@Ti3C2/TiO2 photocatalyst to overcome these two challenges by in-situ growing TiO2 nanosheets on Ti3C2 MXene (to improve charge separation) and depositing PtO nanodots (to diminish hydrogen back reaction) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Within this design principle, the photogenerated electrons and holes in the PtO@Ti3C2/TiO2 composites flow in opposite direction into PtO and Ti3C2 respectively, resulting in effective separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes. Beyond, the higher oxidation state of PtO nanodots also largely suppresses the undesirable hydrogen back oxidation reaction. Thereby the PtO@Ti3C2/TiO2 composite demonstrates remarkable hydrogen production efficiency. Our work here indicates that rational design of dual co-catalysts could not only promote the separation of photogenerated carriers for enhanced hydrogen production, but also inhibit the reverse reaction of hydrogen production.
The recently synthesized triangulenes with non-bonding edge states could have broad potential applications in magnetics, spintronics and electro-optics if they have appropriate electronic structure ...modulation. In the present work, strategies based on molecular orbital theory through heteroatom doping are proposed to redistribute, reduce or eliminate the spin of triangulenes for novel functional materials design, and the role of B, N, NBN, and BNB in such intended electronic structure manipulation is scrutinized. π-Extended triangulenes with tunable electronic properties could be potential nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with appropriate inhibition of their polyradical nature. The elimination of spin is achieved by B, N, NBN, and BNB doping with the intended geometric arrangement for enhanced polarity. Intended doping of BNB results in an optimal structure with large static first hyperpolarizability (〈
β
0
〉) as well as strong Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS)
β
HRS
(−2
ω
;
ω
,
ω
) (
ω
= 1064.0 nm),
TG7-BNB-ba
with a large 〈
β
0
〉 (18.85 × 10
−30
esu per heavy atom) and
β
HRS
(1.15 × 10
−28
esu per heavy atom) much larger than that of a synthesized triangular molecule (1.12 × 10
−30
esu of 〈
β
0
〉 per heavy atom and 5.04 × 10
−30
esu of
β
HRS
per heavy atom). The strong second order NLO responses in the near-infrared and visible regions, particularly the strong sum frequency generation, make these B or (and) N doped triangulenes promising candidates for the fabrication of novel carbon-based optoelectronic devices and micro-NLO devices.
Intended introduction of B, N, NBN and BNB into the specific positions in triangulenes through spin engineering provides an effective means for electronic structure manipulation and functional materials design.
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