When solving constrained multiobjective optimization problems, an important issue is how to balance convergence, diversity, and feasibility simultaneously. To address this issue, this paper proposes ...a parameter-free constraint handling technique, a two-archive evolutionary algorithm, for constrained multiobjective optimization. It maintains two collaborative archives simultaneously: one, denoted as the convergence-oriented archive (CA), is the driving force to push the population toward the Pareto front; the other one, denoted as the diversity-oriented archive (DA), mainly tends to maintain the population diversity. In particular, to complement the behavior of the CA and provide as much diversified information as possible, the DA aims at exploring areas under-exploited by the CA including the infeasible regions. To leverage the complementary effects of both archives, we develop a restricted mating selection mechanism that adaptively chooses appropriate mating parents from them according to their evolution status. Comprehensive experiments on a series of benchmark problems and a real-world case study fully demonstrate the competitiveness of our proposed algorithm, in comparison to five state-of-the-art constrained evolutionary multiobjective optimizers.
The diverse expression pattern of CD36 reflects its multiple cellular functions. However, the roles of CD36 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we discover that CD36 expression is ...progressively decreased from adenomas to carcinomas. CD36 loss predicts poor survival of CRC patients. In CRC cells, CD36 acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits aerobic glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, CD36-Glypcian 4 (GPC4) interaction could promote the proteasome-dependent ubiquitination of GPC4, followed by inhibition of β-catenin/c-myc signaling and suppression of downstream glycolytic target genes GLUT1, HK2, PKM2 and LDHA. Moreover, disruption of CD36 in inflammation-induced CRC model as well as Apc
mice model significantly increased colorectal tumorigenesis. Our results reveal a CD36-GPC4-β-catenin-c-myc signaling axis that regulates glycolysis in CRC development and may provide an intervention strategy for CRC prevention.
Double perovskites (DPs) are one of the most promising candidates for developing white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) owing to their intrinsic broadband emission from self‐trapped excitons (STEs). ...Translation of three‐dimensional (3D) DPs to one‐dimensional (1D) analogues, which could break the octahedral tolerance factor limit, is so far remaining unexplored. Herein, by employing a fluorinated organic cation, we report a series of highly luminescent 1D DP‐inspired materials, (DFPD)2MIInBr6 (DFPD=4,4‐difluoropiperidinium, MI=K+ and Rb+). Highly efficient warm‐white photoluminescence quantum yield of 92 % is achieved by doping 0.3 % Sb3+ in (DFPD)2KInBr6. Furthermore, single‐component warm‐WLEDs fabricated with (DFPD)2KInBr6:Sb yield a luminance of 300 cd/m2, which is one of the best‐performing lead‐free metal‐halides WLEDs reported so far. Our study expands the scope of In‐based metal‐halides from 3D to 1D, which exhibit superior optical performances and broad application prospects.
We report on a new class of 1D double perovskite‐inspired materials (DFPD)2MIInBr6 (DFPD=4,4‐difluoropiperidinium, MI=K+ and Rb+), which exhibit an intrinsic warm‐white light emission. Further enhancement is achieved by 0.3 % Sb3+ doping, which boosts PLQY to ≈92 %. Warm white light‐emitting diodes based on single component (DFPD)2KInBr6:Sb are fabricated.
Angiogenesis is a major pathologic characteristic of glioblastoma, which is one aggressive primary brain tumor. MicroRNA‐221/222 (miR‐221/222) cluster has been previously reported to function ...importantly in malignant glioma biological process. The current study aims at evaluating the effects of miR‐221/222 cluster on angiogenesis of glioblastoma cells. Microarray data were analyzed to select glioblastoma‐associated differentially expressed genes, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess targeting correlation between miR‐221/222 cluster and suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 (SOCS3). Subsequently, the expression patterns of miR‐221 and miR‐222 in glioblastoma cells were identified. miR‐221 and miR‐222 were overexpressed or silenced in glioblastoma cells to identify the effect of miR‐221/222 cluster in cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. To define downstream pathway of miR‐221/222 cluster or SOCS3 in glioblastoma, levels of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway‐related proteins were assessed. Additionally, the functions of miR‐221/222 on glioblastoma cell angiogenesis were measured in vivo with microvessel density assayed. miR‐221 and miR‐222 were expressed at a high level and SOCS3 was at a low level in glioblastoma. Downregulation of the miR‐221/222 cluster diminished the invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis with reduced protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐9, and vascular endothelial growth factor in glioblastoma cells. Also, silencing miR‐221/222 cluster reduced p‐JAK2/JAK2 and p‐STAT3/STAT3. Consistently, the inhibitory role of silencing miR‐221/222 cluster on tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells was confirmed in vivo. Collectively, the inhibition of miR‐221/222 cluster could attenuate the glioblastoma angiogenesis through inactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway by upregulating SOCS3.
Collectively, the inhibition of microRNA‐221/222 cluster could attenuate the glioblastoma angiogenesis through inactivation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway by upregulating SOCS3.
Abstract
Nanoporous structures have proven as an effective way for enhanced electrochromic performance by providing a large surface area can get fast ion/electron transfer path, leading to larger ...optical modulation and fast response time. Herein, for the first time, application of vacuum cathodic arc plasma (CAP) deposition technology to the synthesis of WO
3
/NiO electrode films on ITO glass for use in fabricating complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs) with a ITO/WO
3
/LiClO
4
-Perchlorate solution/NiO/ITO structure. Our objective was to optimize electrochromic performance through the creation of electrodes with a nanoporous structure. We also examined the influence of WO
3
film thickness on the electrochemical and optical characteristics in terms of surface charge capacity and diffusion coefficients. The resulting 200-nm-thick WO
3
films achieved ion diffusion coefficients of (7.35 × 10
−10
(oxidation) and 4.92 × 10
−10
cm
2
/s (reduction)). The complementary charge capacity ratio of WO
3
(200 nm thickness)/NiO (60 nm thickness) has impressive reversibility of 98%. A demonstration ECD device (3 × 4 cm
2
) achieved optical modulation (ΔT) of 46% and switching times of 3.1 sec (coloration) and 4.6 sec (bleaching) at a wavelength of 633 nm. In terms of durability, the proposed ECD achieved ΔT of 43% after 2500 cycles; i.e., 93% of the initial device.
We report an asymptomatic child who was positive for a coronavirus by reverse transcription PCR in a stool specimen 17 days after the last virus exposure. The child was virus positive in stool ...specimens for at least an additional 9 days. Respiratory tract specimens were negative by reverse transcription PCR.
Transition metal nitrides (TMNs), by virtue of their unique electronic structure, high electrical conductivity, superior chemical stability, and excellent mechanical robustness, have triggered ...tremendous research interest over the past decade, and showed great potential for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. However, bulk TMNs usually suffer from limited numbers of active sites and sluggish ionic kinetics, and eventually ordinary electrochemical performance. Designing nanostructured TMNs with tailored morphology and good dispersity has proved an effective strategy to address these issues, which provides a larger specific surface area, more abundant active sites, and shorter ion and mass transport distances over the bulk counterparts. Herein, the most up-to-date progress on TMN-based nanomaterials is comprehensively reviewed, focusing on geometric-structure design, electronic-structure engineering, and applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, including electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, and rechargeable batteries. Finally, we outline the future challenges of TMN-based nanomaterials and their possible research directions beyond electrochemical energy applications.
This review comprehensively summarizes the progress on the structural and electronic modulation of transition metal nitrides for electrochemical energy applications.
In this article, a novel dual-mode monoblock dielectric resonator (MDR) for compact monoblock dielectric bandpass filters is presented and put into practical use for the first time. In the dual-mode ...resonator, two dissimilar TEM modes are generated by forming two perpendicular metalized blind holes in a silver-coated cuboid-shapes dielectric block. The resonator can maximize the space utilization with up to 50% volume reduction while maintaining a wide spurious-free frequency band. The coupling of the two modes in such a resonator can be effectively controlled by one or more partial-height metalized posts. A convenient input/output (I/O) coupling scheme for surface-mount applications is introduced, and versatile coupling arrangements for realizing various filter characteristics are presented. To demonstrate the proposed filter miniaturization technique, a six-pole inline bandpass filter with one pure imaginary transmission zero (TZ) in a 3.5-GHz band is electromagnetic (EM) designed, and a ten-pole symmetric bandpass filter with two pure imaginary TZs in a 2.6-GHz band of fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) frequency band is designed, prototyped, and tuned. Experimental results show that the proposed dual-mode MDR filter can obtain an acceptable RF performance for 5G applications with a significant volume reduction compared to existing single-mode solutions.
Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy and high levels of glycolysis are prevalent in liver cancer. However, it remains unknown whether there is a regulatory relationship between autophagy and glycolytic ...metabolism. In this study, by utilizing cancer cells with basal or impaired autophagic flux, we demonstrated that glycolytic activity is negatively correlated with autophagy level. The autophagic degradation of HK2 (hexokinase 2), a crucial glycolytic enzyme catalyzing the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, was found to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis by autophagy. The Lys63-linked ubiquitination of HK2 catalyzed by the E3 ligase TRAF6 was critical for the subsequent recognition of HK2 by the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 for the process of selective autophagic degradation. In a tissue microarray of human liver cancer, the combination of high HK2 expression and high SQSTM1 expression was shown to have biological and prognostic significance. Furthermore, 3-BrPA, a pyruvate analog targeting HK2, significantly decreased the growth of autophagy-impaired tumors in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.05). By demonstrating the regulation of glycolysis by autophagy through the TRAF6- and SQSTM1-mediated ubiquitination system, our study may open an avenue for developing a glycolysis-targeting therapeutic intervention for treatment of autophagy-impaired liver cancer.
The semi-heterogeneous g-C3N4/NaI dual catalytic system-driven C–C bond formation between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and arylhydrazines under blue light irradiation has been reported for the first time. ...The photo-generated hole acted as a traceless oxidant to turn over the iodide salt redox catalyst cycle and the photo-generated electron served as a clean reductant to promote the bond formation process. A wide range of 3-arylquinoxaline-2 (1H)-ones were obtained in high yields with excellent functional group tolerance.
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