Aim
Up‐to‐date epidemiological studies on the global burden of severe periodontitis is scarce. This study aimed to present the latest estimates for prevalence of severe periodontitis from 1990 to ...2019, by region, age, and level of socio‐demographic development.
Materials and Methods
Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 were used to investigate burden and trends of prevalence of severe periodontitis and its association with socio‐demographic development at global, regional, and national level. Decomposition analysis was performed to explore the contribution of demographic and epidemiological factors to the evolving burden of severe periodontitis.
Results
In 2019, there were 1.1 billion (95% uncertainty interval: 0.8–1.4 billion) prevalent cases of severe periodontitis globally. From 1990 to 2019, age‐standardized prevalence rate of severe periodontitis increased by 8.44% (6.62%–10.59%) worldwide. Prevalence of severe periodontitis is higher among less developed countries/regions. Global population growth accounted for 67.9% of the increase in the number of prevalent cases of severe periodontitis from 1990 to 2019.
Conclusions
The global burden of severe periodontitis has been substantial and increasing over the past three decades. Upstream policy changes are urgently needed to address the global public health challenge of severe periodontitis.
ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities (AAA ATPase) family members are closely linked to tumor formation and progression. However, their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ...largely remain unclear.
Bioinformatic analyses of public databases were used to excavate the potential AAA ATPases that may contribute to HCC, and thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) was selected to following researches because of its most prominently differential expression. Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of TRIP13 in HCC tissues, and then the relationship between TRIP13 expression and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Finally, its functions and potential mechanisms were investigated through a series gain- and loss-of-function strategies both in vitro and in vivo.
TRIP13 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues and high level of TRIP13 was closely correlated with a worse clinical outcome. Functionally, elevated TRIP13 facilitated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, while promote tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIP13 interacted with ACTN4 and positively regulated its expression, thus activating the AKT/mTOR pathway to drive tumor progression. Moreover, miR-192-5p served as an upstream regulator of TRIP13 by directly binding to TRIP13 mRNA 3' UTR, which may partially explain the high expression of TRIP13 in HCC.
Our findings identified TRIP13 as a promising candidate oncogene in HCC, and TRIP13 induced cell migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC through the AKT/mTOR signaling via interacting with ACTN4.
In order to improve the removal efficiency of clays in oil refining, to explore the related factors and to clarify the removal mechanism of alkaline nitride, a series of modified clays was prepared ...to test removal of alkaline nitride from lubricating oil. After the addition of 1 wt.% FeCl3, the removal rate of alkaline nitride increased from 33.6% to 43.3%. Furthermore, the acidity and chlorine content did not exceed acceptable levels. The testing methods of N2 adsorption-desorption, particle-size distribution, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were conducted to verify the removal mechanism. The removal rate of alkaline nitride is mainly related to the density of Lewis acid sites. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the existence of the complexation reaction. The basic nitrides were removed by chemical adsorption via Fe3+-complexation.
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With the increasing popularity of new energy electric vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been growing rapidly, which will produce a large number of spent LIBs. ...Therefore, recycling of spent LIBs has become an urgent task to be solved, otherwise it will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution. Herein, a unique recycling strategy is proposed to achieve the concurrent reuse of cathode and anode in the spent graphite/LiFePO4 batteries. Along with such recycling process, a unique cathode composed of recycled LFP/graphite (RLFPG) with cation/anion-co-storage ability is designed for new-type dual-ion battery (DIB). As a result, the recycle-derived DIB of Li/RLFPG is established with good electrochemical performance, such as an initial discharge capacity of 117.4 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1 and 78% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 100 mA g−1. The working mechanism of Li/RLFPG DIB is also revealed via in situ X-ray diffraction and electrode kinetics studies. This work not only presents a far-reaching significance for large-scale recycling of spent LIBs in the future, but also proposed a sustainable and economical method to design new-type secondary batteries as recycling of spent LIBs.
Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus, has emerged as one of the most promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for various applications in the post-graphene-discovery period due to its ...highly anisotropic structure and novel properties. In order to apply phosphorene in biomedical fields, it is crucial to understand how it interacts with biomolecules. Herein, we use both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental techniques to investigate the interactions of phosphorene with a dsDNA segment. Our results reveal that dsDNA can form a stable binding on the phosphorene surface through the terminal base pairs and adopt an upright orientation regardless of its initial configurations. Moreover, the binding strength of dsDNA with phosphorene is found to be mild and does not cause significant distortion in the internal structure of dsDNA. This phenomenon is attributed to the weaker dispersion interaction between dsDNA and phosphorene. Further analysis of the free energy profile calculated by the umbrella sampling technique suggests that the puckered surface morphology significantly reduces the adsorption free energy of DNA bases to phosphorene. Compared to graphene, phosphorene is found to show a milder attraction to DNA, which is confirmed by our electrophoresis experiments. We believe that these findings provide valuable insight into the molecular interactions between phosphorene and dsDNA which may prompt further investigation of phosphorene for future biomedical applications.
Molecular dynamics simulations and electrophoresis experiments show that dsDNA can form a stable binding on the phosphorene surface through the terminal base pairs and adopt an upright orientation regardless of its initial configurations.
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•Dust contained diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbes.•Airborne particulate matter contained high total relative abundance of ARGs.•Campylobacter spp. positively ...correlated with fluoroquinolone resistance genes.•Staphylococcus spp. positively correlated β-lactams (blaZ, mecA) resistance genes.•Microbes and ARGs in particulate matter posed high risks to patient airways.
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to public health worldwide. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in human airways and relevant environments has not received significant attention. In this study, abundances of ARGs and microbes from airborne particulate matter, dust, and human airways in a hospital were profiled using high-throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. More diverse ARGs and microbes in indoor dust and higher levels of ARGs in particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were observed. Macrolides and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the most abundant ARGs in the airway and environmental samples, respectively. Moreover, the co-occurrences of priority pathogens, ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were shown by the Network analysis. Campylobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. positively correlated with fluoroquinolone (vatC-02, mexD) and β-lactams (blaZ, mecA) resistance genes, respectively. In this regard, based on SourceTracker analysis, inhalable particles contributed to 4.0% to 5.5% of ARGs in human airway samples, suggesting an important exchange between airborne inhalable particles and human commensals. This study may advance knowledge about ARGs in airborne particulate matter and dust associated environments, reveal their potential link between environments and humans, and provide a new sight and fundamental data for ARG risk assessment.
•Impacts of rain gauge density and distribution on hydrological modelling are analyzed.•Model performance is significantly influenced by gauge distribution pattern.•Precipitation errors are ...compensated to some degree by model parameter adjustment.•Model uncertainty is reduced by the increase of rain gauge density.•Model uncertainty is reduced by the optimization of the rain gauge distribution pattern.
Most lumped hydrological models use areal average precipitation data as model input. Though weather-radar-based and satellite-based precipitation estimation methods have been proposed in recent years, the rain gauge is still the most widely used precipitation-measuring tool. Optimal selection of rain gauge number and location will improve the accuracy of areal average precipitation estimations with minimum cost. In this study, the impacts of rain gauge density and distribution on lumped hydrological modelling uncertainty with different catchment sizes are analysed. To this end, the performances of a lumped hydrological model, the Xinanjiang model, in a densely gauged river basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and its sub-basins under different gauge density and distribution are compared. First, seven levels of rain gauge density are defined. For each density level, several samples of different rain gauge distributions are randomly selected. Then, the areal average precipitation of each sample is estimated and used as input to the Xinanjiang model. Finally, the model is calibrated using the shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA) algorithm, and model uncertainty is evaluated via the Bayesian method. The results show that 1) imperfect precipitation inputs measured by a sparse and irregular rain gauge network will lead to substantial uncertainty in model parameter estimation and flood simulation; 2) the impacts of imperfect precipitation estimates on model efficiency can be reduced to some extent through the adjustment of model parameters; 3) modelling uncertainty is reduced by increasing the rain gauge density or optimizing the rain gauge distribution pattern; and 4) the improvement in lumped model efficiency is no longer significant when the rain gauge density exceeds a certain threshold, but a further increase in rain gauge density will reduce model parameter uncertainty and the width of the runoff confidence interval.
To assess the spectrum of pediatric clinical phenotypes in TJP2 disease, we reviewed records of our seven patients in whom intrahepatic cholestasis was associated with biallelic TJP2 variants (13; 12 ...novel) and correlated clinical manifestations with mutation type. The effect of a splicing variant was analyzed with a minigene assay. The effects of three missense variants were analyzed with protein expression in vitro. Our patients had both remitting and persistent cholestasis. Three exhibited growth retardation. Six responded to treatment with cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, or both. Two had cholecystolithiasis. None required liver transplantation or developed hepatocellular or cholangiocellular malignancy. None manifested extrahepatic disease not attributable to effects of cholestasis. The variant c.2180‐5T>G resulted in exon 15 skipping with in‐frame deletion of 32 amino acid residues in TJP2. The three missense variants decreased but did not abolish TJP2 expression. Patients with truncating or canonical splice‐site variants had clinically more severe disease. TJP2 disease in children includes a full clinical spectrum of severity, with mild or intermittent forms as well as the severe and minimal forms hitherto described. Biallelic TJP2 variants must be considered in children with clinically intermittent or resolved intrahepatic cholestasis.
•The unburned charcoal used in SIBs/LIBs indicates the thought of “waste-to-wealth”.•It is a low-cost and convenient recycling strategy.•The electrode delivers high capacity and long cycle life as ...anode in SIBs/LIBs.•Fast electrochemical kinetics and capacitive-controlled mode for good performances.
Over the past years, the biomass-derived materials are receiving more and more attention as high-performance and low-cost anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the hard carbon derived from unburned charcoal (UC-x) is prepared by acid and heat treatment. And it is inferred from morphological characterization that the unique net structure is favorable for electrolyte permeation and charge transfer for Na+/Li+. As a result, the UC-x electrode as an anode shows high specific capacity (150 m Ah g − 1 for SIBs and 350 m A h g − 1 for LIBs at 0.1 A g − 1) and enhanced cycling stability (250 mA h g − 1 after 300 cycles for LIBs and 273 mA h g − 1 after 200 cycles for SIBs). In addition, UC-1200 possesses fast electrochemical kinetics for Na+/Li+ (1–6 × 10−10 cm2s − 1 for Na+ and 1–2.5 × 10−10 cm2s − 1 for Li+) and the dominated electrode reaction is mainly controlled by pseudocapacitance. In a word, this work provides a kind of unique biomass material as anodes for SIBs/LIBs from the reutilization of the waste and promotes the development of carbonaceous electrode materials.
In this paper, a kind of hard carbon anode material is original from unburned charcoal for sodium-ion/lithium-ion batteries, the obtained anode materials show excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high specific capacity and long cycle life. Such application for bio-waste enhances the thought of “waste-to-wealth”. Display omitted
Purpose
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy has shown promise in tumor immunotherapy. Our objectives were to measure pre-treatment serum-soluble PD-L1 ...(sPD-L1) levels and to assess the relationships between sPD-L1 levels and clinical characteristics, prognosis, and tumor tissue PD-L1 expression in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
Pre-treatment serum sPD-L1 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 81 patients with HBV-related HCC and compared to those in 49 healthy controls. The association between serum sPD-L1 levels and prognosis was assessed using survival analysis. The correlation between paired serum sPD-L1 levels and tumor PD-L1 expression (in resected tissue homogenates) was assessed in a separate group of 20 patients with HBV-related HCC.
Results
Median sPD-L1 concentration in patients with HBV-related HCC was 5.129 (range 0.140–12.391) ng/mL and in healthy controls was 0.836 (range 0.105–2.168) ng/mL (
p
< 0.001). On multivariate analysis, sPD-L1 levels were significant independent predictors of disease-free survival (hazard ratio HR 3.503; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.559–7.871;
p
= 0.002) and overall survival (HR 3.399; 95% CI 1.308–8.831;
p
= 0.012). Positive correlation (r = 0.527,
p
= 0.017) between serum sPD-L1 and tumor PD-L1 expression was observed. Tumor expression of PD-L1 was significantly higher in those with serum sPD-L1 concentrations above vs. below the median level of 5.471 ng/ml (
p
= 0.012).
Conclusions
In patients with HBV-related HCC, serum sPD-L1 concentrations were elevated, and positively correlated with tumor PD-L1 expression. Lower pre-treatment serum sPD-L1 levels were predictors of more favorable disease-free and overall survival. Serum sPD-L1 testing has a potential role in HBV-related HCC disease assessment, systemic therapy choices and survival prediction.
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