Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has been widely used in forestry surveys in the form of airborne laser scanning (ALS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mobile laser scanning ...(MLS). The acquisition of important basic tree parameters (e.g., diameter at breast height and tree position) in forest inventory did not solve the problem of low measurement efficiency or weak GNSS signal under the canopy. A personal laser scanning (PLS) device combined with SLAM technology provides an effective solution for forest inventory under complex conditions with its light weight and flexible mobility. This study proposes a new method for calculating the volume of a cylinder using point cloud data obtained by a PLS device by fitting to a polygonal cylinder to calculate the diameter of the trunk. The point cloud data of tree trunks of different thickness were modeled using different fitting methods. The rate of correct tree trunk detection was 93.3% and the total deviation of the estimations of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was -1.26 cm. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the estimations of the extracted DBH and the tree position were 1.58 cm and 26 cm, respectively. The survey efficiency of the personal laser scanning (PLS) device was 30m2/min for each investigator, compared with 0.91m2/min for the field survey. The test demonstrated that the PLS device combined with the SLAM algorithm provides an efficient and convenient solution for forest inventory.
Abstract
Androgen deficiency (hypogonadism) affects males of all ages. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is effective in restoring serum testosterone and relieving symptoms. TRT, however, is ...reported to have possible adverse effects in part because administered testosterone is not produced in response to the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Progress in stem cell biology offers potential alternatives for treating hypogonadism. Adult Leydig cells (ALCs) are generated by stem Leydig cells (SLCs) during puberty. SLCs persist in the adult testis. Considerable progress has been made in the identification, isolation, expansion and differentiation of SLCs in vitro. In addition to forming ALCs, SLCs are multipotent, with the ability to give rise to all 3 major cell lineages of typical mesenchymal stem cells, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Several regulatory factors, including Desert hedgehog and platelet-derived growth factor, have been reported to play key roles in the proliferation and differentiation of SLCs into the Leydig lineage. In addition, stem cells from several nonsteroidogenic sources, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mature fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord have been transdifferentiated into Leydig-like cells under a variety of induction protocols. ALCs generated from SLCs in vitro, as well as Leydig-like cells, have been successfully transplanted into ALC-depleted animals, restoring serum testosterone levels under HPG control. However, important questions remain, including: How long will the transplanted cells continue to function? Which induction protocol is safest and most effective? For translational purposes, more work is needed with primate cells, especially human.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Live streaming (LS) is considered to be a sustainable marketing strategy for regions with special agricultural products affected by the environment because of its potential to reduce sales risk and ...solve customer trust issues. This paper aims to explore the factors that influence Chinese flower and seedling family farms’ adoption intention of LS. An extended planning behavior theory (TPB) including government support and knowledge is used as the theoretical basis for this research. The sample collection adopted stratified random sampling. An effective sample of 356 was obtained through a face-to-face survey of flower and seedling family farms in Shuyang, China. The structural equation modeling (SEM) test results showed that subjective norms and knowledge were key dimensions, followed by government support, then attitude and perceived behavior control. In addition, the explanatory power of the extended TPB model increased by 4%. The results of the interview also found that young operators are more willing to accept LS. This research filled the study gap in the application of LS in agricultural commerce. It is recommended that decision-makers raise family farm operators’ awareness of LS sales and provide more LS sales demonstrations to promote the LS adoption of flower and seedling family farms.
Mesotrione, topramezone, tembotrione, and sulcotrione are four types of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxidase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides that are extensively employed in agricultural practices, but ...their usage also leads to environmental pollution and poses risks to human health. A probe (E)−1-((2-(pyridin-2-yl) hydrazineylidene) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (CHMN) based on chelation enhancement (CHEF) effect synthesized. CHMN was first chelated with Zn2+ to form a probe system with green, which can be further used to detect mesotrione, topramezone, tembotrione and sulcotrione in complicated environment. CHMN-Zn2+ detection of four pesticides was accurate, with an excellent linear relationship between 0 and 100 μM. The detection limits were LODmesotrione = 7.79 μM, LODtopramezone = 1.91 μM, LODtembotrione = 1.38 μM and LODsulcotrione = 2.43 μM. The detection time is 1 min, and it is successfully applied in real water sample and bioimaging. This work can provide a novel method for studying the migration and behavior of environmental pollutants.
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•A novel Zn2+-coordination fluorescent probe for sensing HPPD inhibitors was synthesized.•CHMN has low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity and and good selectivity.•CHMN can detect HPPD inhibitors in environmental water samples.•CHMN can visualize the migration and behavior of HPPD inhibitors in vivo in real time.
Although the recycling of an entire piece of plastic film after farmland use has attracted significant attention, the film fragments generated by punching holes in such plastic films have never been ...studied. These film fragments can penetrate deeper into the soil more easily than whole pieces of plastic film, causing soil pollution. In this study, two new punchers with burrs were designed, and a group of comparative experiments were conducted on waste film fragment recycling. The results show that the average time required to complete the same task using punchers with two burrs (puncher 3) and one burr (puncher 2) can be reduced by 40.37% and 26.19%, respectively. The average success rates in recycling the film fragments are 91.67% and 68.17%, respectively. The performance of puncher 3 is better than that of puncher 2 for recycling the film fragments. Thus, the application of puncher 3 is beneficial for solving the problems in waste film recycling. Accordingly, the study is of great significance for protecting the soil environment, reducing “white pollution” and achieving China’s sustainable development goals.
Inflammation and tubular cell death are the hallmarks of acute kidney injury. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects has not been fully elucidated. Here we tested whether caspase-11, ...an inflammatory member of the caspase family, was increased in cisplatin or ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Caspase-11 knockout mice after cisplatin treatment exhibited attenuated deterioration of renal functional, reduced tubular damage, reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, and decreased urinary IL-18 excretion. Mechanistically, the upregulation of caspase-11 by either cisplatin or ischemia-reperfusion cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD) into GSDMD-N, which translocated onto the plasma membrane, thus triggering cell pyroptosis and facilitated IL-18 release in primary cultured renal tubular cells. These results were further confirmed in GSDMD knockout mice that cisplatin-induced renal morphological and functional deterioration as well as urinary IL-18 excretion were alleviated. Furthermore, deficiency of GSDMD significantly suppressed cisplatin-induced IL-18 release but not the transcription and maturation level of IL-18 in tubular cells. Thus, our study indicates that caspase-11/GSDMD dependent tubule cell pyroptosis plays a significant role in initiating tubular cell damage, urinary IL-18 excretion and renal functional deterioration in acute kidney injury.
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One of the major issues in buried archeological sites especially if characterized by intense human activity, complex structures, and several constructive phases, is: to what depth conduct the ...excavation? The answer depends on a number of factors, among these one of the most important is the a priori and reliable knowledge of what the subsoil can preserve. To this end, geophysics (if used in strong synergy with archaeological research) can help in the planning of time, depth, and modes of excavation also when the physical characteristics of the remains and their matrix are not ideal for archaeo-geophysical applications. This is the case of a great part of the archaeological sites in Henan, the cradle of the most important cultures in China and the seat of several capitals for more than two millennia. There, the high depth of buried remains covered by alluvial deposits and the building materials, mainly made by rammed earth, did not favor the use of geophysics. In this paper, we present and discuss the GPR and ERT prospection we conducted in Kaifeng (Henan, China), nearby a gate of the city walls dated to the Northern Song Dynasty. The integration of GPR and ERT provided useful information for the identification and characterization of archaeological remains buried at different depths. Actually, each geophysical technique, GPR frequency (used for the data acquisition) as well as each way to analyze and visualize the results (from radargrams to time slice) only provided partial information of little use if alone. The integration of the diverse techniques, data processing and visualization enabled us to optimize the penetration capability, the resolution for the detection of archaeological features and their interpretation. Finally, the results obtained from the GPR and ERT surveys were correlated with archaeological stratigraphy, available nearby the investigated area. This enabled us to further improve the interpretation of results from GPR and ERT survey and also to date the anthropogenic layers from Qing to Yuan Dynasty.
Mapping tumor metabolic remodeling and their spatial crosstalk with surrounding non-tumor cells can fundamentally improve our understanding of tumor biology, facilitates the designing of advanced ...therapeutic strategies. Here, we present an integration of mass spectrometry imaging-based spatial metabolomics and lipidomics with microarray-based spatial transcriptomics to hierarchically visualize the intratumor metabolic heterogeneity and cell metabolic interactions in same gastric cancer sample. Tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming is imaged at metabolic-transcriptional levels, and maker metabolites, lipids, genes are connected in metabolic pathways and colocalized in the heterogeneous cancer tissues. Integrated data from spatial multi-omics approaches coherently identify cell types and distributions within the complex tumor microenvironment, and an immune cell-dominated "tumor-normal interface" region where tumor cells contact adjacent tissues are characterized with distinct transcriptional signatures and significant immunometabolic alterations. Our approach for mapping tissue molecular architecture provides highly integrated picture of intratumor heterogeneity, and transform the understanding of cancer metabolism at systemic level.
By choosing suitable ligand-directed gold catalysts, two types of gold-containing all-carbon 1,4-dipoles could be generated selectively from the gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of allenyl ...ketones bearing a cyclopropyl moiety, which undergo 4 + 3 cycloadditions with nitrones to produce two regiomers of furan-condensed N,O-seven-membered rings in moderate to excellent yields highly selectively.
In this study, the change of Msalais quality and antioxidant capacity during storage were investigated. The experiments were carried out over a period of 9 months, and analyses were performed ...monthly. The results showed that the pH, total sugar, and alcohol content of Msalais during the storage period exhibited a decreasing trend, while the total acid content increased. The antioxidant capacity indicated that the contents of total phenols and flavonoids and the scavenging ability of Msalais for DPPH and ABTS decreased markedly with storage time, and stabilizing after 9 months of storage. Furthermore, a total of 27 aroma components, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and acids, were detected. After 9 months of storage, the content of most aroma components in Msalais had changed. Among them, the values of the characteristic aroma ingredient phenylethyl alcohol decreased during storage. However, the contents of diisobutyl phthalate, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, and octadecanoic acid ethyl ester increased substantially with the following 9 months of storage time. Overall, during the storage process, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones continued to decrease, while esters and acids continued to increase; it was determined that within the 9 month storage period, the longer the storage time, the greater the difference. The obtained findings provide reference data for the optimization of Msalais storage.
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