A Co-free Fe56.5Ni30Al10.5Nb3 (atom fraction/%) alloy was developed. In the preparation, the as-cast alloy was subjected to aging treatment at 650 ℃ and followed solution treatment directly. Scanning ...electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure and phases of the alloy. At the same time, the hardness test, compressive strength test, superelasticity test and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) test were performed. The results show that, when the aging time range from 0 to 95 h, the alloy can exhibit superelasticity at room temperature with the maximum superelastic strain of 10.62%. There are nano-sized γ′ precipitates and fine β precipitates in the alloy. The γ′ phase is formed in the grain interiors and is most densely distributed when the aging time is 70 h. After the aging time exceeds 70 h, the γ′ phase enters the growth stage. The β phase can be formed both in the grain interiors and in the grain boundaries, and the amount of β precipitates increases
In this work, using the Gaussian process, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) measurements to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts through comparing its opacity-free ...luminosity distance (LD) with the opacity-dependent one from the combination of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GW data, SNIa and GRB data are simulated from the measurements of the future Einstein Telescope, the actual Pantheon compilation and the latest observation of GRBs compiled by Amati et al, respectively. A nonparametric method is proposed to probe the spatial homogeneity of cosmic transparency at high redshift by comparing the LD reconstructed from the GW data with that reconstructed from the Pantheon and GRB data. In addition, the cosmic opacity is tested by using the parametrization for the optical depth, and the results show that the constraints on cosmic opacity are more stringent than the previous ones. It shows that the future GW measurements may be used as an important tool to probe the cosmic opacity in the high redshift region.
Potential effects and mechanisms of TP against the ileal injury and intestinal flora disorder induced by Salmonella typhimurium infection in C57BL/6 mice.
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•Tea polyphenols treatment ...alleviated Salmonella typhimurium-induced ileal injury.•Tea polyphenols treatment regulated intestinal flora disorder.•Tea polyphenols treatment decreased inflammation and oxidative stress and preserved tight junction.•Intestinal flora improvement was associated with tight junction and antioxidant enhancement.
Food and feed contamination caused by Salmonella typhimurium has led to serious economic losses and healthy problems worldwide, including particularly gastroenteritis and diarrheal diseases related to ileal injury and intestinal flora disorder. Tea polyphenols (TP), a class of natural antioxidant food extracted from tea, display multifarious attractive biological activities. The present study was conducted to explore the modulatory effect of TP on intestinal flora disorder in mice with Salmonella typhimurium infection and its underlying mechanisms of alleviating ileal injury. Results showed that TP could markedly alleviate Salmonella typhimurium-induced ileal injury. Meanwhile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers were decreased with an enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and tight junction proteins after TP treatment. Most importantly, TP improves intestinal flora disorder by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activity and tight junction proteins in ileum. Our results may make positive influence on the use of TP as a functional food component with potential therapeutic and preventive utility against ileal injury and intestinal flora disorder induced by Salmonella typhimurium.
Four undescribed pyranone derivatives, named ascomycopyrones A-D (
-
), as well as one known analogue simplicilopyrone (
) (this is the first study to report the absolute configuration), were ...isolated from the endophytic fungus
sp. FAE17 derived from the flowers of
. The structures of these pyranones were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic and MS analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined by their experimental and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All isolated compounds were tested for various bioactivities, including antibacterial, cytotoxic activity, and NO inhibitory activity. Unfortunately, none of the compounds showed significant bioactivities.
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory hypertrophic skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte and immune T cell. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has ...not been fully elucidated and there is no effective therapy in clinic. As a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Yangxue Jiedu Soup (YJS) has been used to treat inflammatory diseases caused by Yin Deficiency and Blood Dryness. The purpose of present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of YJS on psoriasis model mice. Results showed that YJS effectively inhibited the hypertrophy, erythema and scales of psoriasis-like lesions to alleviate the pathological changes of skin lesions, and further decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-23. Meanwhile, YJS also significantly reduced keratinocyte proliferation and maintained immune system balance by inhibiting the expression of PCNA, Ki-67, CD4 + and CD8 + in psoriasis mice. Moreover, the results further indicated that YJS could inhibit TLR4 activation and NF-κB p65 nuclear transfer by suppressing HSP70 secretion to attenuate the inflammatory response in IMQ-induced mice, which provided a theoretical basis for the clinical use of YJS in the treatment of psoriasis.
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•Yangxue Jiedu Soup (YJS) alleviated skin lesions in IMQ-induced mice model.•YJS inhibited the keratinocytes proliferation and inflammatory cytokines production.•YJS alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis by targeting immune lymphatic T cells.•YJS regulated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by HSP70.
Scope
Grifola frondosa is an edible/medicinal mushroom with great nutritional value and bioactivity. The present study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effect of polysaccharides isolated from ...Grifola frondosa on memory impairment in aged rats.
Methods and results
20‐month‐old rats were gavaged with Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFP) for 8 weeks. Morris Water Maze test revealed that GFP administration significantly improved memory impairment in aged rats. GFP supply was also found to attenuate age‐associated changes of brain histology and ultrastructure observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the increase of total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, as well as the decreased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were consistent with the behavioral results.
Conclusion
These findings indicated that oral administration of GFP could improve memory impairment via antioxidant action, and dietary supplementation with GFP may provide potential benefits on brain aging.
Grifola frondosa polysaccharides improve memory impairment induced by aging via decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant enzymes.
Abstract
Background
Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan (JGSQ) has been used in China for thousands of years to treat various ailments, including frequent urination, blurred vision, and soreness in the waist and ...knees. It has traditional therapeutic advantages in improving eye diseases.
Aim of the study
Clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of JGSQ in improving diabetes and vision; however, its efficacy and pharmacological effects in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the specific pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of JGSQ in improving DR through a
db/db
model.
Materials and methods
db/db
mice were given three different doses of orally administered JGSQ and metformin for 8 weeks, and then PAS staining of the retinal vascular network patch, transmission electron microscopy, H&E staining, and TUNEL staining were performed to determine the potential role of JGSQ in improving DR-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were carried out to identify the main potential targets of JGSQ, and the efficacy of JGSQ in improving DR was evaluated through western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, revealing its mechanism of action.
Results
According to the results from H&E, TUNEL, and PAS staining of the retinal vascular network patch and transmission electron microscopy, JGSQ does not have an advantage in improving the abnormal morphology of vascular endothelial cells, but it has a significant effect on protecting retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, AKT, GAPDH, TNF, TP53, and IL-6 were identified as the main core targets of JGSQ. Subsequently, through western blot and immunofluorescence staining, it was found that JGSQ can inhibit HIF-1α, promote p-AKT expression, and inhibit TP53 expression. At the same time, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors protects retinal ganglion cells and improves apoptosis in DR.
Conclusion
These results indicated that in the
db/db
DR mouse model, JGSQ can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and protect retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis, possibly by modulating the Akt/HIF-1α pathway.
Graphical Abstract
Background
Left‐behind children have become a particular concern in mainland China, and unintentional injury among these children has attracted increasing attention. This review aims to present the ...prevalence of unintentional injury among left‐behind children and subgroups in mainland China.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using four Chinese and two English databases. The included publications were cross‐sectional studies in mainland China, of which the population was recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information was collected using self‐administered questionnaires. The risk of bias was estimated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, and pooled prevalence was estimated through the DerSimonian‐Laird proportion method.
Results
This review included 34 cross‐sectional studies consisting 58,348 left‐behind children in mainland China. Results showed that the pooled prevalence of unintentional injury was 38.24% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.40–48.08) among left‐behind children. The prevalence was higher among left‐behind children (38.76%) than among non‐left‐behind children (27.94%), with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47–1.85). Furthermore, the prevalence of injury was higher among boys (39.12%) than among girls (28.61%), with an odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.41–1.77). Falls had the highest prevalence of 20.79% among the types of unintentional injury. Furthermore, home was the occurrence location with the highest prevalence (16.20%). No significant difference in injury prevalence was observed among left‐behind children without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them.
Conclusions
This review showed a relatively high injury prevalence among left‐behind children in mainland China. Boys had a higher prevalence than girls. Falls had the highest prevalence, and home was the most common occurrence location.
At present, the synthesis methods of crystalline porous materials often involve powder products, which not only affects the practical application but also has complex synthesis operations and limited ...scale. Based on the mechanochemical method, we choose COF-TpPa-1, preparing TpPa-1-DANC composites. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a kind of crystalline material formed by covalent bonds of light elements. COFs possess well pore structure and high thermal stability. However, the state of synthesized powders limits their application. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising renewable micron materials with abundant hydroxyl groups on their surface. It is possible to prepare high-strength materials such as film, water, and aerogel. Firstly, the nanocellulose was oxidized by the sodium periodate method to obtain aldehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DANC). TpPa-1-DANC not only had the crystal characteristic peak of COFs at 2θ ≈ 5° but also had a BET surface area of 247 m2/g. The chemical bonds between COFs and DANC formed by Schiff base reaction appeared in FTIR and XPS. The pyrolysis behavior of the composite was characterized by TG-IR, which showed that the composite had good thermal stability. With the advantages of nanocellulose as a material in every dimension, we believe that this method can be conducive to the large-scale synthesis of COFs composites, and has the possibility of multi-form synthesis of COFs.
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