Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) not only cause acute, devastating mucocutaneous reactions but also have long-lasting implications on survivors' lives.
To quantify ...the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN.
The cumulative incidence rate (CIR), life expectancy (LE), loss of life expectancy (LoLE), and lifetime health care expenditure (HE) for SJS/TEN were estimated over the period from 2008 to 2019 using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan and life tables of vital statistics.
In this nationwide cohort of 6552 incident SJS/TEN cases, a trend towards a decrease in the cumulative incidence rate was observed between 2008 and 2019. Compared to the general population, patients with SJS/TEN experience a tremendous loss of 9.43 ± 1.06 (mean ± standard error) years of LE after diagnosis of SJS/TEN. Male patients with SJS/TEN had higher LoLE (10.74 ± 1.22 vs. 7.69 ± 1.43 years) and annual HE than females. Younger age at diagnosis of SJS/TEN was associated with longer LE but greater LoLE and higher lifetime HE. Patients with ICU admission upon diagnosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and SJS/TEN-associated sequelae experienced substantially greater LoLE and HE per life year.
Patients with SJS/TEN suffer substantial loss of LE and HE, particularly young patients, compared to the general population. These data provide a reference estimate of the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN to help health authorities evaluate the cost-effectiveness of future preventive and treatment strategies to minimize the burden of SJS/TEN.
Background
Most cases of chronic urticaria (CU) are idiopathic. Circumstantial evidence suggests that some CU cases have an autoimmune pathogenesis. Previous research indicates that a substantial ...percentage of patients with CU have an atopic background.
Objectives
This study aims to examine the association between CU, and atopic and autoimmune diseases.
Methods
This population‐based retrospective cohort study identified 9,332 patients with CU and 37,328 controls matched for age, sex, and number of dermatological clinic visits from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 2004–2009. Using multiple logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of CU with atopic and autoimmune diseases.
Results
CU was most strongly associated with Kawasaki disease (modified OR, 2.76; 95% CI 1.15–6.63), followed by Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), atopic dermatitis (AD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), allergic rhinitis (AR), autoimmune thyroid diseases, Sjögren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and asthma, which had the lowest adjusted OR (1.11; 95% CI 1.01–1.22) among comorbidities significantly associated with CU. The associations varied in relation to age, group, and sex. Among women, CU was significantly associated with AD, AR, autoimmune thyroid diseases, SLE, vitiligo, and HSP. Among men, CU was significantly associated with AD, AR, autoimmune thyroid diseases, Kawasaki disease, and IBD.
Conclusion
CU is associated with atopic/autoimmune diseases. Increased awareness of atopic and autoimmune comorbidities may be warranted for patients with CU.
In this study, we used an argon-based round atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) for enhancing wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The APPJ was characterized by optical ...emission spectroscopy. We induced Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in rats with different amounts of STZ combined with normal and high-fat diets, respectively. The wound area ratio of all the plasma-treated normal and diabetic groups was greatly reduced (up to 30%) compared with that of the untreated groups during healing. Histological analysis revealed faster re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, less inflammation, and a complete skin structure in the plasma-treated groups was found as compared with the untreated control groups. In addition, the new blood vessels of plasma-treated tissues decreased more than untreated tissues in the middle (Day 14) and late (Day 21) stages of wound healing. The plasma-treated wounds demonstrated more transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression in the early stage (Day 7), whereas they decreased in the middle and late stages of wound healing. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) increased after plasma treatment. In addition, plasma-treated water had a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite and nitrate when the plasma treatment time was longer. In summary, the proposed argon APPJ based on the current study could be a potential tool for treating diabetic wounds.
Scalable nanoelectronics with energy‐efficient logic technology is crucial for next‐generation edge devices. Low‐dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides and single‐walled ...carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), have tunable properties with reduced short‐channel effects. The unique properties of each material can be utilized owing to the heterogeneous integration of multiple semiconducting channels to form complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) logic. However, the integration remains challenging. This study reveals the realization of low static power hetero‐CMOS inverters by the integration of n‐type monolayer MoS2 and p‐type SWCNT networks. The balanced inverter exhibits a large peak gain of ≈67 at a supply voltage of 2 V with the customized design of the wafer‐scale synthetic process and channel integration. An ultralow standby power consumption of ≈5 pW and a practical peak gain of ≈7 at a reduced supply voltage of 0.25 V are achieved. A high noise margin (>70%) validates the circuit's tolerance to external noises and the dynamic analysis of the inverting amplifier in push–pull configuration exhibits a large AC gain. This work paves the way toward the wafer‐scale integration of low‐dimensional materials for low‐power nanoelectronics.
Wafer‐scale low‐power hetero‐CMOS inverters are realized by integrating monolayer MoS2 and SWCNT networks. An ultralow standby power consumption of ≈5 pW at a reduced supply voltage of 0.25 V, high NMs (>70%), and dynamic analysis in a push‐pull configuration are achieved. It paves the way toward the wafer‐scale integration of low‐dimensional materials for low‐power nanoelectronics.
Recently, monolayers of van der Waals materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are considered ideal building blocks for constructing 2D artificial lattices and heterostructures. ...Heterostructures with multijunctions of more than two monolayer TMDs are intriguing for exploring new physics and materials properties. Obtaining in‐plane heterojunctions of monolayer TMDs with atomically sharp interfaces is very significant for fundamental research and applications. Currently, multistep synthesis for more than two monolayer TMDs remains a challenge because decomposition or compositional alloying is thermodynamically favored at the high growth temperature. Here, a multistep chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of the in‐plane multijunctions of monolayer TMDs is presented. A low growth temperature synthesis is developed to avoid compositional fluctuations of as‐grown TMDs, defects formations, and interfacial alloying for high heterointerface quality and thermal stability of monolayer TMDs. With optimized parameters, atomically sharp interfaces are successfully achieved in the synthesis of in‐plane artificial lattices of the WS2/WSe2/MoS2 at reduced growth temperatures. Growth behaviors as well as the heterointerface quality are carefully studied in varying growth parameters. Highly oriented strain patterns are found in the second harmonic generation imaging of the TMD multijunctions, suggesting that the in‐plane heteroepitaxial growth may induce distortion for unique material symmetry.
In‐plane multijunctions of the WS2/WSe2/MoS2 artificial 2D lattices with atomically sharp heterointerfaces are realized by multistep chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis. Heterointerface quality and thermal stability of each constituted transition metal dichalcogenides are studied with controlled experiments. Unique symmetry induced by in‐plane heteroepitaxial growth is identified with second harmonic generation, which opens a new route toward novel physical properties of optical nonlinearity.
Osteosarcoma, with its high metastatic potential, is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Melatonin possesses multiple tumor‐suppressing properties for a myriad of ...tumors, but little is known about the effects of melatonin on osteosarcoma metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin elicited very low cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited cellular motility, migration, and invasion in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, using RNA sequencing technology, we revealed that melatonin repressed C‐C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) gene expression in U2OS cells. Manipulation of CCL24 levels influenced the motility of osteosarcoma cells as cell migration and invasion were enhanced by the addition of recombinant human CCL24 and attenuated by the silencing of CCL24. Moreover, melatonin increased and decreased the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2, respectively, in a dose‐dependent manner in U2OS and HOS cells while exerting no evident influence on the level and activation of p38, Akt, FAK, steroid receptor coactivator, or Raf. In further functional experiments, the use of JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and DN‐JNK) confirmed that the pharmaceutic inhibition of JNK augmented the melatonin‐mediated CCL24 suppression and migration of U2OS cells. Overall, our results revealed that melatonin attenuated chemokine CCL24 levels through inhibition of the JNK pathway to hinder human osteosarcoma cell invasion, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of melatonin for osteosarcoma metastasis.
Skin Metabolomics Elpa, Decibel P.; Chiu, Hsien-Yi; Wu, Shu-Pao ...
Trends in endocrinology and metabolism,
February 2021, 2021-02-00, 20210201, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Skin retains numerous low-molecular-weight compounds (metabolites). Some of these compounds fulfill specific physiological roles, while others are by-products of metabolism. The skin surface can be ...sampled to detect and quantify skin metabolites related to diseases. Miniature probes have been developed to detect selected high-abundance metabolites secreted with sweat. To characterize a broad spectrum of skin metabolites, specimens are collected with one of several available methods, and the processed specimens are analyzed by chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), or other techniques. Diseases for which skin-related biomarkers have been found include cystic fibrosis (CF), psoriasis, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and lung cancer. To increase the clinical significance of skin metabolomics, it is desirable to verify correlations between metabolite levels in skin and other biological tissues/matrices.
Skin metabolites are low-molecular-weight compounds found in different components of skin.The field of skin metabolomics relies on the availability of methods for efficient skin sampling and analysis of metabolites in low-volume specimens (e.g., sweat).A variety of skin sampling techniques are available as customized approaches, targeting specific applications and addressing impediments of invasive skin sampling.Skin metabolomics is an emerging translational research tool for biomarker discovery and precision medicine.Biosensor innovations focus on the detection of alternative biofluids from the skin, aiming to develop non-invasive point-of-care testing devices.
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone cancer that affects adolescents worldwide, has the early metastatic potential to be responsible for high mortality rates. Morin has a multipurpose role in ...numerous cancers, whereas little is known about its role in osteosarcoma migration and invasion. Therefore, we hypothesized that morin suppresses the invasive activities and the migratory potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Our results showed that morin reduced migration and invasion capabilities in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, morin inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression through a signal transducer and an activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. After STAT3 overexpression, the decrease of the migratory potential and uPA expression caused by 100 μM of morin in U2OS cells was countered, indicating that STAT3 contributes to the antimetastatic property of morin in human osteosarcoma cells by reducing uPA. In conclusion, morin may be a potential candidate for the antimetastatic treatment of human osteosarcoma.
PDF
