Objective: In Poland entrepreneurship is often viewed as an extremely risky process and entrepreneurs are often portrayed in a negative light. The research goals of our exploratory study is to ...identify the entreprenurship metaphors among Polish management students.
Research Design & Methods: Authors decided to run both qualitative and quantitative research. In the first part we addressed 124 management students on three levels BA, MA and MBA. The respondents were asked to give their metaphorical expressions on paper. The next step was to prepare a questionnaire based on 7 point Likert scale. This questionnaire was run among BA management student group composed of 82 students.
Findings: Our results suggest that there are several major entrepreneurial narratives evident among all three groups including creativity and innovation, competition, war, journey, risk, adventure and exploitation.
Implications & Recommendations: The empirical findings serve as a starting point for further in-depth research in this area. It is recommended that in order to gain a complete picture of the issues underlying the results, both qualitative and quantitative research on a bigger sample should be undertaken.
Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in studying some aspects of entrepreneurship metaphors among non-entrepreneurs in Poland. With regards to the research limitation, it must be highlighted that it was a pilot study and the results cannot be generalized.
This paper starts with an introduction to and exploration of entrepreneurship. It further explains the theoretical basis of metaphors used in understanding entrepreneurship with entrepreneurs as the ...phenomena. This paper takes a new approach to examining the definitions of entrepreneurs, distinguishing between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. This research gives us insight into understanding the phenomena of entrepreneurship, through the lens of images of entrepreneurs that exist among both entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. An exploratory analysis of entrepreneurial metaphors and concepts is conducted to achieve this goal. In a qualitative analysis of entrepreneurial concepts, respondents defined the word ‘entrepreneur’ with suggested conceptual equivalents. In an analysis of metaphors, respondents explained why they see entrepreneurs through such lenses. The sample consisted of 124 respondents.
Both transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of mitral regurgitation or left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) require periprocedural anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) that is ...administered either before or immediately after transseptal puncture (TSP). The optimal timing of UFH administration (before or after TSP) is unknown. The Strategy To Optimize PeriproCeduraL AnticOagulation in Structural Transseptal Interventions trial (STOP CLOT Trial) was designed to determine if early anticoagulation is effective in reducing ischemic complications without increasing the risk of periprocedural bleeding.
The STOP CLOT trial is a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. A total of 410 patients scheduled for TEER or LAAC will be randomized 1:1 either early UFH administration (iv. bolus of 100 units/kg UFH or placebo, given after obtaining femoral vein access and at least 5 minutes prior to the start of the TSP) or late UFH administration (iv. bolus of 100 units/kg UFH or placebo given immediately after TSP). Prespecified preliminary statistical analysis will be performed after complete follow-up of the first 196 randomized subjects. To ensure blinding, a study nurse responsible for randomization and UFH/placebo preparation is not involved in the care of the patients enrolled into the study. The primary study endpoint is a composite of (1) major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (death, stroke, TIA, myocardial infarction, or peripheral embolization) within 30 days post-procedure, (2) intraprocedural fresh thrombus formation in the right or left atrium as assessed with periprocedural transesophageal echocardiography, or (3) occurrence of new ischemic lesions (diameter ≥4 mm) on brain magnetic resonance imaging performed 2 to 5 days after the procedure. The safety endpoint is the occurrence of moderate or severe bleeding complications during the index hospitalization.
Protocols of periprocedural anticoagulation administration during structural interventions have never been tested in a randomized clinical trial. The Stop Clot trial may help reach consensus on the optimal timing of initiation of periprocedural anticoagulation.
The study protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05305612.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a considerable morbidity and mortality effect on the outcomes of a lung transplant. Currently, coronary angiography is performed as part of the pretransplant ...evaluation process. Unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines about performing cardiac angiography in lung transplant candidates.
The aim of our work is to find a correlation between cardiovascular risk and coronary arterial status to optimize the selection of patients for coronary angiography prior transplantation.
We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients in whom coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization was performed during assessment for bilateral lung transplantation at the Medical University of Gdańsk from 2018 to 2021. The coronary artery disease status was classified into 2 categories: without any stenosis and with stenosis. For each patient, the 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated by using a Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation calculator modified for the Polish population.
Coronary stenosis was detected in 15 patients during angiography (31%). The group with coronary stenosis had a median SCORE risk of 8%, which is considered as high risk, and in patients without stenosis it was 5%, which is also considered a high risk. Median mean pulmonary artery pressure in patients with stenosis was the same as that in patients without stenosis (23 mm Hg).
CAD among lung transplant candidates cannot be predicted by risk factors, so coronary angiography is very important as a part of the evaluation process. Because pulmonary hypertension has a big impact on surveillance after transplantation, performing heart catheterization during the qualification process is crucial.
Background
There is a paucity of data on left main (LM) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy with dedicated DES platforms. The LM‐STENTYS is a multicenter registry aimed at evaluating ...clinical outcome after PCI of LM performed with a self‐apposing Stentys DES implantation.
Methods
The registry consists of 175 consecutive patients treated with Stentys DES implanted to LM. The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke assessed after 1 year. The secondary endpoint was stent thrombosis (ST) at 1 year.
Results
The median age was 69 years (IQR, 62–78 years). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the presenting diagnosis in 117 (66.9%) patients 74 (63.2%) unstable angina, 31 (26.5%) NSTEMI, 12 (10.3%) STEMI and stable angina (SA) was present in 58 (33.1%) patients. The median SYNTAX score was 23.0 (IQR, 18.7–32.2) in the SA group and 25.0 (IQR, 20.0–30.7) in the ACS group. During 1‐year follow‐up in the SA group two (3.4%) MACCE occurred, both of them were cardiac deaths. In ACS patients there were 19 (16.2%) MACCE 9 (7.7%) cardiac deaths, 11 (9.4%) MIs, 11(9.4%) TLR, 1(0.9%) stroke. Altogether, three (1.7%) cases of acute ST were noted, all of them in ACS subset.
Conclusion
LM PCI using self‐apposing Stentys DES showed favorable clinical outcomes at 1‐year in patients with SA. Events of ST in the ACS group warrant further research.
Data regarding the efficacy of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with new-designed drug-eluting stent (new-DES) vs. bare metal stent (BMS) of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) stenosis is ...scarce. The primary objective was to compare one-year clinical outcomes of PCI in stenosis of SVG using new-DES vs. BMS in a real-world population.
We carried out a multi-center registry comparing new-DES with BMS in all consecutive patients undergoing PCI of SVG. The primary composite endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 1 year. This observation included 792 consecutive patients (mean age 69 ± 8.9y), treated with either new-DES (n = 379, 47.9%) or BMS (n = 413, 52.1%). Among patients treated with new-DES compared with BMS, there was a lower risk of MACCE (21.4% vs. 28.3%, HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.95, p = 0.025) as well as myocardial infarction (MI) (6.3% vs. 12.1%; HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.82, p = 0.005) at 1 year. After propensity score adjustment, the similar, significant reduction in MACCE and MI was observed in favor of new-DES (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.96, p = 0.030; and HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.92, p = 0.020, respectively).
In patients undergoing PCI of SVG, the use of new-DES is associated with a reduced 1-year rate of MACCE and MI compared to BMS.
•New-DES vs. BMS in PCI of SVG is subject to discuss.•SVG PCI using new-DES showed favorable clinical outcomes in terms of 1-year rate of MACCE and MI compared to BMS.•SVG Baltic Registry support new-DES as the mainstay stent technology in patients undergoing PCI of SVG.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to answer the question: “What are the most common factors
influencing effectiveness of internal communications faced by Polish organizations?” This article
...discusses the role of internal communications practices leading to enhancement of organizational
performance. In particular, it concentrates on factors impeding the flow of information inside the
organization. Later on, the article presents empirical findings.
Methodology: Contemporary public relations, internal communications and employee communications
texts have been reviewed to identify how internal communications is defined in literature
and how it influences organization success. Relevant existing research was reviewed and primary
research was conducted. The latter consisted of 29 in-depth interviews with employees from various
Polish organizations.
Results/findings: The article presents interesting results that can be especially useful for internal
communications specialists and managers. It is recommended that to gain a fuller picture of the
issues underlying the findings, quantitative research with relevant employees should be undertaken.
Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) out break has been officially classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), meaning the infection is progressing faster and faster in many ...countries simultaneously. The United States of America has announced a travel ban on 28 European countries, many countries have closed universities, schools and kindergartens, and large gatherings of people have been forbidden. Many companies including Google, Apple and Microsoft encourage or mandate employees to adopt a work-from-home policy. For companies in the modern technology industry, the infrastructure and policy necessary for remote working are undoubtedly already implemented. However, for many smaller companies and organizations the situation was very different. Remote working and virtual team management did not occuror were limited to only a few people. The aim of the article is to present the problems of leading virtual intercultural teams, with particular emphasis on the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: Contemporary texts in the domain of cross-cultural leadership have beenreviewed. Relevant existing research has been reviewed and primary research conducted. Thelatter consisted of 24 IDIs (Individual In-depth Interviews) with employees from various Polish organizations.
Findings: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced thousands of enterprises to let their employeeswork remotely, but many of these companies were not as technologically prepared for the situationas they thought. We are faced with increasing international cooperation and coordination. The outbreak of COVID-19 has accelerated the need for clear standards in remote and virtualteamwork. The article analyzed the positive and negative aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on organizations and ways of virtual leadership.
Value Added: This article answers the questions about the main problems faced by managers who had to lead teams in a virtual way.
Recommendations: The author is aware of the fact that this is only an exploratory study. It isrecommended that in order to gain a fuller picture of the issues underlying the findings, quantitative research with large number of respondents should be undertaken.
Despite adequate heparinization, formation of fresh intracardiac thrombi during the MitraClip procedure was reported.
We aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical consequences of intracardiac ...thrombus formation during the MitraClip device implantation.
Clinical data and transesophageal echocardiography findings obtained during MitraClip procedures in 100 consecutive patients (81 men; mean SD age, 67.8 8.3 years) were reviewed. In all patients, a heparin bolus was given immediately after a successful transseptal puncture, and the activated clotting time above 250 seconds was maintained throughout the procedure.
Thrombus formation was documented in 9 patients (9%). In 6 patients, thrombi formed on a transseptal needle/sheath (2 attached to the sheath in the right atrium and 4 on the sheath immediately after the puncture in the left atrium), and in 3 patients, on the MitraClip device in the left atrium (2 on a steerable guiding catheter and 1 on the clip delivery system). Overall, 6 thrombi (67%) formed prior to and 3 (33%) after heparin administration. All thrombi were transient and disappeared within minutes. No periprocedural ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other embolic complications were reported. Clinical characteristics were similar in patients with and without thrombi, except for lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; mean SD, 23% 10% and 30% 10%, respectively; P = 0.03). In-hospital death was reported in 6 patients: 2 with a visible thrombus and 4 without (P = 0.09).
Transient thrombus formation is relatively common during the MitraClip procedure, especially in patients with low LVEF; however, acute clinical consequences are benign.
Objective: The purpose of this paper is also to thoroughly review those studies in the management literature that focused on bias in negotiation and to ascertain a couple of new research trajectories ...that could be observed as the result. As a matter of fact, a human’s judgment making capacity and behavior could be greatly influenced by cognitive misperceptions thus affecting decisions in negotiations. Whilst Thompson (2006) analytically examined the effects of biased decision-making processes for negotiations, the intention of this paper is to fill the gap through a systematic assessment of the literature.
Methodology: I have provided a theoretical background on decision makers’ cognition in this paper to provide context and introduce the research; after which we take a closer look at the literature and discuss its results. Based on this, I noted that limited research, with alternate results were done based on the interaction between biases bothering on mood, culture, personality as well as education and experience on the negotiators’ judgments. Finally, we suggest that future research trajectories might be on multilateral and integrative negotiations, the role of third parties and a better comprehension of the cognitive bias and how to rise above it in negotiations.
Findings: Despite the fact that this topic is considered important, it is surprisingly under-researched. Author was able to identify the void and inadequacies of the literature identified in journal articles systemizing the intersection of negotiation studies, from cognitive biases studies, group decision making and from the decision making and judgment literature.
Value Added: This paper showed that there are only a handful of papers that focus on why, how and when cognitive biases influence negotiation process.
Recommendations: There is a great need for papers that focus on cognitive biases in the negotiation process.
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