•Fucoidan was successfully depolymerized using SCW treatment.•BBD was used to find the best conditions of antioxidant and chemical composition of fucoidan.•The best conditions was found to be 214 °C, ...40 bar, 60 mL/g, 223 RPM and 5 min.•Low molecular weight of fucoidan was obtained from SCW treatment.•The optimized condition showed improved biological activities from native fucoidan.
Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide that possesses various biological activities. To enhance the functional properties of fucoidan, it was depolymerized using a green technique viz. subcritical water treatment (SCW) to produce a low molecular weight fucoidan. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the influence of different influences for instance temperature, pressure, liquid to solid ratio, and agitation speed to depolymerize fucoidan. RSM was used to focus on the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of SCW-treated fucoidan. Further, resulting SCW-treated fucoidan was investigated by UV-Vis, FT-IR, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC, Elemental analysis, and ESI-MS. Moreover, the optimized SCW-treated fucoidan was checked for cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant activity compared with the untreated fucoidan. The obtained values displayed that SCW treatment breakdowns polymer chain and so it produces low molecular weight fucoidan. Biological activities were improved as the molecular weight was reduced.
•Growth rate, removal of N, P and organic carbon by C. sorokiniana were evaluated.•The microalgae cultured under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions.•The growth rate and removal ...rates of N, P was significant in heterotrophic condition.•Heterotrophic condition was superior compared to other conditions.•Heterotrophic condition would be useful for application in wastewater treatment.
This study sought to investigate the growth rate and organic carbon and nutrient removal efficiency of Chlorella sorokiniana under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Growth rates of the microalgae were 0.24d−1, 0.53d−1 and 0.44d−1 in autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, respectively. The growth rate of C. sorokiniana was significantly higher for that grown under heterotrophic conditions. The nitrogen removal rates were 13.1mg-N/L/day, 23.9mg-N/L/day and 19.4mg-N/L/day, respectively. The phosphorus removal rates reached to 3.4mg-P/L/day, 5.6mg-P/L/day and 5.1mg-P/L/day, respectively. Heterotrophic conditions were superior in terms of the microalgae growth and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, suggesting that microalgae cultured under this condition would be most useful for application in wastewater treatment systems.
•Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract fucoidan from brown seaweed.•High yield of fucoidan was obtained from PLE, when compared with the conventional method.•The structural ...characterization of crude polysaccharide confirms the presence of fucoidan.•Molecular weights of the extracted fucoidan were between 83.39–183.32kDa.•The obtained crude fucoidan showed properties of high antioxidant and emulsifying.
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. Various conditions of temperature (80–200°C), pressure (5–100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV–vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS+ radical scavenging. CF demonstrates good emulsion-stabilizing capacities, especially with vegetable oils. This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers.
Recently, 2D nanomaterials have received considerable attention in nanomedicine due to their intrinsic optical properties, biocompatibility, and therapeutic effect. Here, 2D germanium telluride ...(GeTe) nanosheets coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (GeTe‐PVP NSs) developed as theranostic agents are reported that can be used for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and fluorescence imaging and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GeTe‐PVP NSs, fabricated by simple sonication in ethanol and PVP, show broad optical absorption in visible and near‐infrared (NIR) ranges (400–1200 nm) and have intrinsic fluorescence properties. Thus, they provide deeper ex vivo and in vivo MSOT tissue images than gold nanorods or indocyanine green with strong optical absorption in the first NIR window (700–900 nm). In addition, when orally administered to IBD mice, GeTe‐PVP NSs exhibit therapeutic efficacy similar to or higher than sulfasalazine, with strong accumulation at inflammatory colon sites. This demonstrates that oral administration of GeTe‐PVP NSs may be used to treat inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.
Germanium telluride–polyvinylpyrrolidone nanosheets (GeTe–PVP NSs) prepared using a simple top‐down method show broad absorption and fluorescence spectra, enabling them to act as multimodal contrast agents for multispectral optoacoustic tomography and fluorescence imaging. In addition, GeTe–PVP NSs exhibit therapeutic effects in mitigating inflammatory colitis, suggesting that the oral administration of GeTe–PVP NSs may be used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
To conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among patients who underwent either isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or ...combined lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) or anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR).
RCTs that compared isolated ACL reconstruction and combined LET or ALLR were included with minimum 12 months follow-up. Studies that used the double-bundle technique were excluded. Outcome assessment included the number of positive pivot shifts, amount of anterior tibial translation, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective, Tegner, and Lysholm scores. Bayesian NMA and the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) were evaluated.
A total of 1,077 patients from 11 RCTs were enrolled in this study. In NMA, the odds ratios (ORs) of positive pivot shift were significantly lower in ACL + ALLR (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.027–0.67) than isolated ACL reconstruction, but no difference between ACL + ALLR and ACL + LET. There were no significant differences in anterior tibial translation among the techniques, but the IKDC subjective and Lysholm scores of ACL + ALLR and ACL + LET were significantly higher than isolated ACL reconstruction. ACL + ALLR were the most preferred in terms of residual pivot shift, anterior tibial translation, and IKDC subjective scores (SUCRA = 88.2%, 86.4%, and 93.1%, respectively). Additional lateral procedures resulted in significantly lower risk of graft failure (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.1–0.71) than isolated ACL reconstruction.
ACL + ALLR were found to have significantly better outcomes in terms of knee rotational stability and graft failure rate than isolated ACL reconstructions, but the clinical outcomes were uncertain after a minimum 12 months follow-up. Considering the greatest probability of obtaining better knee rotational stability in this NMA, ACL + ALLR was found to be the most preferred technique for patients with ACL injury.
Level II, network meta-analysis and systematic review of Level I and II studies.
Although stromal fibroblasts play a critical role in cancer progression, their identities remain unclear as they exhibit high heterogeneity and plasticity. Here, a master transcription factor (mTF) ...constructing core-regulatory circuitry, PRRX1, which determines the fibroblast lineage with a myofibroblastic phenotype, is identified for the fibroblast subgroup. PRRX1 orchestrates the functional drift of fibroblasts into myofibroblastic phenotype via TGF-β signaling by remodeling a super-enhancer landscape. Such reprogrammed fibroblasts have myofibroblastic functions resulting in markedly enhanced tumorigenicity and aggressiveness of cancer. PRRX1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) has an unfavorable prognosis in multiple cancer types. Fibroblast-specific PRRX1 depletion induces long-term and sustained complete remission of chemotherapy-resistant cancer in genetically engineered mice models. This study reveals CAF subpopulations based on super-enhancer profiles including PRRX1. Therefore, mTFs, including PRRX1, provide another opportunity for establishing a hierarchical classification system of fibroblasts and cancer treatment by targeting fibroblasts.
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•Cu,Co/TiO2 was prepared by using ultrasonic synthetic technology.•Cu,Co/TiO2 exhibited higher overall performance than pure TiO2.•The enhanced performance was due to the surface ...activation by ultrasonication.
In this study, a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) doped with Cu, Co was fabricated by simultaneously sonicating TiO2 and a trace amount of a transition metal precursor. The cavitation bubbles occurred during sonication resulted in defects on the surface of the TiO2 particles. As ultrasonic treatment was applied, doping was successfully performed even though Cu and Co were added in small amounts. The surface activation of TiO2 was confirmed by performing XPS, and the doping of Cu and Co was verified by employing TEM-EDS analysis. Fabricating doped TiO2 as a photoelectrode and analyzing it using UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that the amount of dye adsorption was significantly increased. In addition, the reduction in electron transfer resistance was confirmed by applying EIS, and the factors contributing to efficiency improvement were investigated by calculating the chemical capacitance and recombination resistance. The maximum energy-conversion efficiency of the DSSCs fabricated by TiO2which doped with Cu and Co by ultrasonic treatment was 4.16%, and that of the DSSCs fabricated with TiO2not doped with a transition metal was measured at 2.93%. As above, TiO2was doped with a transition metal using ultrasonic treatment, contributing to the improvement of the performance of the TiO2 photoelectrode.
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•Box–Behnken design was used to understand the effect of process variables.•SFO as co-solvent with SC-CO2 increases the recovery of carotenoid and fucoxanthin.•Water as co-solvent ...with SC-CO2 increases the recovery of phlorotannin.•Fatty acid, antioxidant and oil stability was increased with SFO as co-solvent.•Kinetic models for all the extraction yield were established.
Sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil, canola oil, ethanol, and water were utilized as co-solvents to support supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of total carotenoid (TC), fucoxanthin (FX), and phlorotannin (PT) from brown seaweed (Saccharina japonica). A steepest ascent method with various temperatures 45–55°C, pressures 200–300bar, and co-solvent flow rates 0.50–2.00 (% of CO2, w/w) was used to define the best operative co-solvents to enhance the extraction yields followed by response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction conditions. The best conditions for the yield of TC and FX were 50.62°C, 300bar, and 2.00% of SFO, while for PT it was 48.98°C, 300bar, and 2.00% of water, respectively. Overall extraction curves were determined for the optimized conditions, and experimental data were used to estimate the kinetic parameters. SFO as co-solvent showed higher fatty acid content, antioxidant activity, and oil stability than the control (SC-CO2 only).
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