In October 2022, Erysiphe powdery mildew from the section Typhulochaeta was found on Quercus aliena for the first time in Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular‐phylogenetic ...analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) gene sequences of the rDNA, the fungus was identified as Erysiphe japonica var. japonica. This is the first report of E. japonica var. japonica in Korea and the third report of this mildew on Q. aliena, with this current fungus‐host association spreading to China and Japan. Based on Korean samples, this study provides detailed morphology and molecular phylogeny of E. japonica var. japonica.
The two oxidation states of ceria nanoparticles, Ce3+ and Ce4+, play a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, Ce3+ is largely responsible for removing O2− and .OH ...that are associated with inflammatory response and cell death. The synthesis is reported of 2 nm ceria–zirconia nanoparticles (CZ NPs) that possess a higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and faster conversion from Ce4+ to Ce3+ than those exhibited by ceria nanoparticles. The obtained Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 (7CZ) NPs greatly improve ROS scavenging performance, thus regulating inflammatory cells in a very low dose. Moreover, 7CZ NPs are demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality and systemic inflammation in two representative sepsis models. These findings suggest that 7CZ NPs have the potential as a therapeutic nanomedicine for treating ROS‐related inflammatory diseases.
An optimized ROS scavenging agent: 2 nm‐sized ceria–zirconia nanoparticles (CZ NPs) with increased Ce3+ ratios outperform ceria NPs as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The composition‐tuned 7CZ (Ce0.7Zr0.3O2) NPs are superior in reducing inflammation in vitro and decrease the mortality in sepsis in vivo.
Erysiphe magnifica causes powdery mildew on Magnolia compressa Choi, Young‐Joon; Choi, Byoung‐Ki; Choi, In‐Young ...
Forest pathology = Journal de pathologie forestière = Zeitschrift für Forstpathologie,
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
51, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In October 2017, Magnolia compressa, an endangered species in Korea, was found to be heavily infected with a powdery mildew. Morphological examination of anamorph structures and molecular analyses of ...the ITS and 28S rDNA regions confirmed Erysiphe magnifica as the fungus causing the mildew. The host range of E. magnifica has been limited to Magnolia species, with an occasional record of infection on Nelumbo nucifera. This report presents the first finding of E. magnifica infection on M. compressa worldwide.
The translation of MRS to clinical practice has been impeded by the lack of technical standardization. There are multiple methods of acquisition, post‐processing, and analysis whose details greatly ...impact the interpretation of the results. These details are often not fully reported, making it difficult to assess MRS studies on a standardized basis. This hampers the reviewing of manuscripts, limits the reproducibility of study results, and complicates meta‐analysis of the literature. In this paper a consensus group of MRS experts provides minimum guidelines for the reporting of MRS methods and results, including the standardized description of MRS hardware, data acquisition, analysis, and quality assessment. This consensus statement describes each of these requirements in detail and includes a checklist to assist authors and journal reviewers and to provide a practical way for journal editors to ensure that MRS studies are reported in full.
This paper sets out the expert consensus on minimum reporting guidelines for MRS studies. It includes a checklist as a practical way for authors and journal editors to ensure that MRS studies are reported appropriately. A common set of reporting standards will greatly increase transparency, rigor, and replicability of MRS studies, and should further the successful integration of MRS into widespread clinical practice.
Abstract
Ependymal cells (ECs) are multiciliated neuroepithelial cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord (SC). How ependymal motile cilia are maintained ...remains largely unexplored. Here we show that zebrafish embryos deficient in Wnt signaling have defective motile cilia, yet harbor intact basal bodies. With respect to maintenance of ependymal motile cilia,
plcδ3a
is a target gene of Wnt signaling. Lack of Connexin43 (Cx43), especially its channel function, decreases motile cilia and intercellular Ca
2+
wave (ICW) propagation. Genetic ablation of
cx43
in zebrafish and mice diminished motile cilia. Finally,
Cx43
is also expressed in ECs of the human SC. Taken together, our findings indicate that gap junction mediated ICWs play an important role in the maintenance of ependymal motile cilia, and suggest that the enhancement of functional gap junctions by pharmacological or genetic manipulations may be adopted to ameliorate motile ciliopathy.
With a 40‐year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe the methodology and results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has grown substantially and is not consistent ...in many aspects. Given the platform offered by this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, the authors decided to describe many of the implicated terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions. This work covers terms used to describe all aspects of MRS, starting from the description of the MR signal and its theoretical basis to acquisition methods, processing and to quantification procedures, as well as terms involved in describing results, for example, those used with regard to aspects of quality, reproducibility or indications of error. The descriptions of the meanings of such terms emerge from the descriptions of the basic concepts involved in MRS methods and examinations. This paper also includes specific suggestions for future use of terms where multiple conventions have emerged or coexisted in the past.
This work defines terms and explains concepts used to describe all aspects of MR spectroscopy, starting from the definition of the MR signal and its theoretical basis to acquisition methods, processing and quantification procedures, as well as terms involved in describing results, including quality aspects, reproducibility or indications of error. Also featured are specific suggestions for future use of terms where multiple conventions have emerged or previously coexisted.
The endothelial cilium is a microtubule‐based organelle responsible for blood flow‐induced mechanosensation and signal transduction during angiogenesis. The precise function and mechanisms by which ...ciliary mechanosensation occurs, however, are poorly understood. Although posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cytoplasmic tubulin are known to be important in angiogenesis, the specific roles of ciliary tubulin PTMs play remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of centrosomal protein 41 (CEP41) results in vascular impairment in human cell lines and zebrafish, implying a previously unknown pro‐angiogenic role for CEP41. We show that proper control of tubulin glutamylation by CEP41 is necessary for cilia disassembly and that is involved in endothelial cell (EC) dynamics such as migration and tubulogenesis. We show that in ECs responding to shear stress or hypoxia, CEP41 activates Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and upregulates expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 through ciliary tubulin glutamylation, as well as leads to the deciliation. We further show that in hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis, CEP41 is responsible for the activation of HIF1α to trigger the AURKA‐VEGF pathway. Overall, our results suggest the CEP41‐HIF1α‐AURKA‐VEGF axis as a key molecular mechanism of angiogenesis and demonstrate how important ciliary tubulin glutamylation is in mechanosense‐responded EC dynamics.
Synopsis
CEP41 regulates cilia disassembly and angiogenesis through AURKA activation by modulating axonemal tubulin glutamylation in mammalian and zebrafish endothelial cells.
CEP41‐mediated axonemal tubulin glutamylation is essential for endothelial cell dynamics during angiogenesis.
CEP41 activates AURKA and upregulates VEGFA/VEGFR2 mRNAs to promote endothelia cellular deciliation under shear stress.
CEP41 interacts with HIF1α and inhibits its UPS‐dependent degradation under hypoxia.
CEP41 controls HIF1α activation to trigger AURKA‐VEGF pathway in hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis.
CEP41 regulates cilia disassembly and angiogenesis through AURKA activation by modulating axonemal tubulin glutamylation in mammalian and zebrafish endothelial cells.
Occupation ratio and fatty infiltration are important parameters for evaluating patients with rotator cuff tears. We analyzed the occupation ratio using a deep-learning framework and studied the ...fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle using an automated region-based Otsu thresholding technique. To calculate the amount of fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle using an automated region-based Otsu thresholding technique. The mean Dice similarity coefficient, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and relative area difference for the segmented lesion, measuring the similarity of clinician assessment and that of a deep neural network, were 0.97, 99.84, 96.89, 99.92, and 0.07, respectively, for the supraspinatus fossa and 0.94, 99.89, 93.34, 99.95, and 2.03, respectively, for the supraspinatus muscle. The fatty infiltration measure using the Otsu thresholding method significantly differed among the Goutallier grades (Grade 0; 0.06, Grade 1; 4.68, Grade 2; 20.10, Grade 3; 42.86, Grade 4; 55.79, p < 0.0001). The occupation ratio and fatty infiltration using Otsu thresholding demonstrated a moderate negative correlation (ρ = - 0.75, p < 0.0001). This study included 240 randomly selected patients who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2015 to December 2016. We used a fully convolutional deep-learning algorithm to quantitatively detect the fossa and muscle regions by measuring the occupation ratio of the supraspinatus muscle. Fatty infiltration was objectively evaluated using the Otsu thresholding method. The proposed convolutional neural network exhibited fast and accurate segmentation of the supraspinatus muscle and fossa from shoulder MRI, allowing automatic calculation of the occupation ratio. Quantitative evaluation using a modified Otsu thresholding method can be used to calculate the proportion of fatty infiltration in the supraspinatus muscle. We expect that this will improve the efficiency and objectivity of diagnoses by quantifying the index used for shoulder MRI.
This is a tribute to Sebastián Cerdán, a brilliant and innovative NMR spectroscopist whose studies contributed greatly to the fundamental information to the understanding of brain metabolism, ...particularly in regard to multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques. Sebastián Cerdán sadly passed away in May 2022. He was a wonderful mentor and colleague who will be greatly missed.
Sebastián Cerdán, a wonderful colleague and brilliant and innovative NMR spectroscopist sadly passed away in May 2022. His studies using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques contributed greatly to the understanding of brain metabolism, including identification of the pyruvate recycling pathway in brain and determining metabolic changes in the brain related to appetite regulation and the development of obesity. He will be greatly missed. Photo of Sebastián Cerdán on the Great Wall of China at the 3rd International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) Special. Conference/8th International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism (ICBEM) meeting in Beijing, China in 2008.
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