A model metasomatized lherzolite composition contains phlogopite and pargasite, together with olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel or garnet as subsolidus phases to 3 GPa. Previous works ...established that at ≥1.5 GPa, phlogopite is stable above the dehydration solidus, determined by the melting behaviour of pargasite and coexisting phases. At 2.8 GPa, melts with residual phlogopite+garnet lherzolite mineralogy at 1195 °C and with garnet lherzolite mineralogy at 1250 °C are both olivine nephelinite with K/Na (atomic)=0.51 and K/Na=0.65, respectively. Recent work shows that melting along the dehydration (fluid-absent) solidus of the phlogopite+pargasite lherzolite at pressures <1.5 GPa is very different with the presence of phlogopite, decreasing the solidus below that of pargasite lherzolite. At 1.0 GPa, both phlogopite and pargasite disappear at temperatures at or slightly above the solidus. The compositions of two melts at 1.0 GPa, 1075 °C (with different water contents), in equilibrium with residual spinel lherzolite mineralogy are silica-saturated trachyandesite (∼5% melt fraction, ∼3% H
2O) to silica-oversaturated basaltic andesite (∼8% melt fraction, 4.5% H
2O). Both compositions may be classified as ‘shoshonites’ on the basis of normative compositions, silica-saturation, and K/Na ratio. Decompression melting of metasomatized lithospheric lherzolite with minor phlogopite and pargasite may produce primary ‘shoshonitic’ magmas by dehydration melting at ∼1 GPa, 1050–1150 °C. Such magmas may be parental to Proterozoic batholithic syenites occurring in Brazil.
Helminths have developed complex mechanisms to suppress the host immune response. These mechanisms may impair the host vaccine response. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Toxocara spp. ...infection on the vaccine immune response to bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV–5). First, 30 heifers received two doses of an experimental BoHV–5 vaccine. At 42nd days after the primo vaccination the vaccine efficacy was evaluated, and the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies. Second, 20 Balb/c mice were divided into two groups, one infected with T. canis and the other without infection. After infection, both groups received two doses of vaccine. The vaccine immune response was assessed by BoHV-5 serum neutralization and splenic cytokines transcription by qPCR. All heifers positive for Toxocara spp. (40%) showed BoHV-5 SN titer ≤1:32, whereas heifers negative for Toxocara spp. (60%) had BoHV-5 SN titer ≥1: 128. Infected T. canis mice showed BoHV-5 SN titer ≤1:2, whereas mice not infected with T. canis BoHV-5 SN titer ≥1:8. Splenocytes from control mice stimulated with BoHV-5 had a significant (p < .05) mRNA transcription for the cytokines IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23, whereas the same cytokines were down-regulated in T. canis infected mice. These results suggest that Toxocara spp. infection may impair BoHV-5 immunization and should be considered for efficient herd immunization.
•Vaccination is the most effective strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases.•BoHV–5 cause important economic losses for cattle breeders.•Failure in livestock immunization is critical for controlling disease.•T. canis modulatory effect on host immune system might reduce vaccine efficacy.
The genus
Mill. (sea lavenders) includes species with sexual and apomixis reproductive strategies, although the genes involved in these processes are unknown. To explore the mechanisms beyond these ...reproduction modes, transcriptome profiling of sexual, male sterile, and facultative apomictic species was carried out using ovules from different developmental stages. In total, 15,166 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed with apomictic vs. sexual reproduction, of which 4275 were uniquely annotated using an
database, with different regulations according to each stage and/or species compared. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to tubulin, actin, the ubiquitin degradation process, reactive oxygen species scavenging, hormone signaling such as the ethylene signaling pathway and gibberellic acid-dependent signal, and transcription factors were found among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between apomictic and sexual plants. We found that 24% of uniquely annotated DEGs were likely to be implicated in flower development, male sterility, pollen formation, pollen-stigma interactions, and pollen tube formation. The present study identifies candidate genes that are highly associated with distinct reproductive modes and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of apomixis expression in
sp.
Understanding COVID-19 exposure differences among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) across various healthcare units is crucial for their protection and effective management of future outbreaks. However, ...comparative data on COVID-19 among HCWs in different healthcare units are scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and workplaces in HCWs from three distinct healthcare settings in Brazil. It also examined COVID-19 symptom dynamics reported by them. The cohort comprised 464 HCWs vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac and a BNT162b2 booster from different institutions: Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs), Emergency Care Units (ECUs), and Hospitals. Participants answered a questionnaire and underwent blood collection at various time points after vaccinations. RT-PCR data and post-vaccination antibody responses were utilized as indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that most infected HCWs worked in ECUs, where positive RT-PCR percentages were higher compared to PHCUs and Hospitals. ECUs also showed the highest seropositivity and antibody levels, especially after the first CoronaVac dose. The second dose of CoronaVac diminished the differences in the antibody levels among HCWs from ECUS, PHCUs, and Hospitals, indicating the benefit of the second dose to equalize the antibody levels between previously exposed and unexposed persons. Moreover, COVID-19 symptoms appeared to evolve over time.
•The seropositivity and antibody levels were evaluated according to the workplace of HCWs.•100% of HCWs were seropositive in 2D, regardless of the workplace.•N IgG and S IgG levels were higher in HCWs from ECUs compared to HCWs from PHCUs.•The risk for COVID-19 among HCWs seems to be related to the type of healthcare unity and rates of occupational exposure.
► Extract a new observable from the profile shape. ► Gain access to the depth of first interaction. ► Obtain two cross-sections at the same energy.
The longitudinal development of extreme energy ...cosmic ray showers has a characteristic “Universal Shower Profile” when normalized and translated to the shower maximum. Experimentally accessible observables can be defined to parametrize the average shape and characterize each event. By describing the full shape of the profile, information related to the first hadronic interactions and primary particle type can be extracted. A shape variable which measures the distance from the first interaction to the depth of maximum can lead to a cosmic ray composition analysis with independent extraction of the primary cross-sections.
This paper presents several approaches to deal with the problem of identifying muons in a water Cherenkov detector with a reduced water volume and 4 PMTs. Different perspectives of information ...representation are used, and new features are engineered using the specific domain knowledge. As results show, these new features, in combination with the convolutional layers, are able to achieve a good performance avoiding overfitting and being able to generalise properly for the test set. The results also prove that the combination of state-of-the-art machine learning analysis techniques and water Cherenkov detectors with low water depth can be used to efficiently identify muons, which may lead to huge investment savings due to the reduction of the amount of water needed at high altitudes. This achievement can be used in further research to be able to discriminate between gamma and hadron-induced showers using muons as discriminant.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare waveforms obtained with a new device for the non‐invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in dogs with and without neurological ...disease.
Materials and Methods
This prospective study was conducted on both neurologically normal dogs and dogs with neurological diseases. First, non‐invasive ICP waveforms were recorded in normal dogs using the Braincare® BcMM 2000 monitor while the dogs were under general anaesthesia induced for procedures unrelated to this study. The dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency, and the sensor was placed over the skin of the parietal region. Secondly, non‐invasive ICP waveforms were monitored in dogs with brain and spinal disease until waveforms with characteristic peaks were acquired. All the recorded signals were amplified, filtered and digitalized, by the device, and then transferred to a computer for analysis.
Results
Normal pulse waveforms indicating normal brain complacency were observed in eight neurologically normal dogs. In six dogs with brain disease, abnormal pulse waveforms were observed suggesting increased ICP and decreased brain complacency. Four dogs with spinal disease undergoing myelography, had normal waveforms before contrast medium injection and abnormal pulse waveforms during contrast medium injection, indicating a potential increase in ICP.
Clinical Significance
Based on these preliminary observations, this method was capable of detecting abnormal pulse waveforms that suggested increased ICP.
Many studies have suggested that imbalance of the gut microbial composition leads to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes oxidative stress, and this are directly associated with ...neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinical data indicated that the probiotics have positive impacts on the central nervous system and thus may have a key role to treatment of MDD. This study examined the benefits of administration of Komagataella pastoris KM71H (8 log UFC·g–1/animal, intragastric route) in attenuating behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroendocrine changes in animal models of depressive-like behavior induced by repeated restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide (0.83 mg/kg). We demonstrated that pretreatment of mice with this yeast prevented depression-like behavior induced by stress and an inflammatory challenge in mice. We believe that this effect is due to modulation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, restoration in the mRNA levels of the Nuclear factor kappa B, Interleukin 1β, Interferon γ, and Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase, and prevention of oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortices, hippocampi, and intestine of mice and of the decrease the plasma corticosterone levels. Thus, we conclude that K. pastoris KM71H has properties for a new proposal of probiotic with antidepressant-like effect, arising as a promising therapeutic strategy for MDD.
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•K. pastoris KM71H attenuated depression-like behavior in mice.•K. pastoris KM71H mitigated oxidative stress.•K. pastoris KM71H decreased the corticosterone levels.•K. pastoris KM71H restored the mRNA levels of the NFκB, IL-1β, INFγ, and IDO.
Highlights ► The search for novel vaccines against porcine enzootic pneumonia is mandatory. ► We evaluated mice immunisation with P37, P42, P46 and P95 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. ► P42 and ...P95 recombinant subunit vaccines induced strong immune response. ► P46 DNA vaccine induced immune response similar to P42 and P95 subunit vaccines. ► All vaccines induced upregulation of INFγ and downregulation of IL1 and TNFα.
is a spore-forming, commensal, ubiquitous bacterium that is present in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. This bacterium produces up to 18 toxins. The species is classified ...into five toxinotypes (A-E) according to the toxins that the bacterium produces: alpha, beta, epsilon, or iota. Each of these toxinotypes is associated with myriad different, frequently fatal, illnesses that affect a range of farm animals and humans. Alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins are the main causes of disease. Vaccinations that generate neutralizing antibodies are the most common prophylactic measures that are currently in use. These vaccines consist of toxoids that are obtained from
cultures. Recombinant vaccines offer several advantages over conventional toxoids, especially in terms of the production process. As such, they are steadily gaining ground as a promising vaccination solution. This review discusses the main strategies that are currently used to produce recombinant vaccines containing alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of
, as well as the potential application of these molecules as vaccines for mammalian livestock animals.
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