Building on Markus and Nurius's (1986) possible selves theory to investigate language teachers' engagement in professional development, this case study examines how nine Italian school foreign ...language (FL) teachers in two types of high schools (college preparation and vocational schools) experienced and responded to changes in their FL proficiency. Interview data, analyzed with a grounded theory approach, showed that when dealing with professional development, the FL teachers had to decide whether to (1) engage in professional development activities, and (2) maintain their engagement with or without a supportive community. Their decisions and engagement were influenced by the strength of the dissonance between the perception of their actual and possible L2 selves. The findings have implications for designing in-service professional development courses that take into consideration teachers' needs in relation to their school environments as FL teachers navigate the life-long experience of learning and maintaining a foreign language.
In this interview piece, Peter De Costa and Matt Coss invite Constant Leung, LAQ co-editor (2017-2021) and active member of the LAQ editorial team since its inception in 2004, to highlight key ...milestones within the field of language assessment in general, and as they relate to major accomplishments of the journal. In addition, readers will also gain insight into anticipated developments within language assessment that extend contemporary trends, and thus advance the language assessment research agenda.
Building on recent calls to examine the material realities of people’s lives, our paper explores how developments in ecological approaches to second language acquisition (SLA) and recent SLA identity ...work can help advance the language policy and planning (LPP) research agenda. To this end, we draw on (1) the multi-level transdisciplinary framework for SLA in a multilingual world put forward by the Douglas Fir Group (Mod Lang J 100(S1):19–47,
2016
), which examines how language learning and teaching are influenced by micro-, meso-, and macro-level forces, and (2) Darvin and Norton’s (Annu Rev Appl Linguist 35:36–56,
2015)
model of investment, which looks at the intersection of identity, capital and ideology. By combining these two frameworks, we explain how an ecologically-oriented LPP research agenda can be advanced by taking into consideration key social actors who exist in the complex material realities within which learners are embedded. We anchor our arguments in a case study of a Uyghur youth, Alim, in China whose Putonghua learning trajectory is traced as he moves across several cities over the span of 16 years. Alim’s lived experience illustrates how a SLA and LPP interface can be realized in research.
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Intraabdominal fluid collections that previously required surgical intervention can now be drained with less invasive techniques. The use of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) ...to treat pancreatic pseudocysts and perirectal abscesses has been shown to be a safe and effective technique in adults. We aim to evaluate the indications, outcomes, and complications of the use of LAMS in pediatric patients at our institution.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to study patients up to 18 years of age at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore who underwent drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections with the use of LAMS. The main outcome measures were technical and clinical success and associated adverse events with LAMS placement.
Results:
Seven patients (2 girls) ranging from 9 to 18 years were identified. Four patients had perirectal abscess postperforated appendicitis and 3 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. All of the patients had complete resolution of the collections, with no recurrence, and our technical and clinical success rate was 100%. Only 1 patient had mild bleeding after placement that spontaneously resolved.
Discussion:
Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the use of LAMS for the drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections in pediatric patients, although the number of patients included is limited.
Educational reforms often precipitate teacher tensions that subsequently impact teacher identity (re)construction. Adopting a community of practice (CoP) framework to examine identity-, belief- and ...emotion-inflected tensions, and drawing on data from five rounds of interviews, our longitudinal case study traced the identity reformation of an English teacher, Lee, as he negotiated an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) reform in China. We found that Lee’s constant teacher identity conflicts were intertwined with tensions that arose as he negotiated his (1) beliefs about students’ needs and acknowledgment of their language incompetency, and (2) reform-positive emotions and self-negative emotions. Our findings revealed, however, that these tensions were mediated through the assistance afforded by his CoP, which, on the one hand, effectively scaffolded community members’ teaching practices and helped ease the tensions that emerged but, on the other hand, created space for multiple voices to coexist, make adjustments, and thus subsequently achieve reconciliation. Highlighting the role of CoP in teacher development, our findings help advance the teacher identity research agenda by taking a holistic view on work-related tensions, and thus bear implications for educational reformers, teacher educators, and university administrators.
Intraabdominal fluid collections that previously required surgical intervention can now be drained with less invasive techniques. The use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) to treat pancreatic ...pseudocysts and perirectal abscesses has been shown to be a safe and effective technique in adults. We aim to evaluate the indications, outcomes, and complications of the use of LAMS in pediatric patients at our institution.
A retrospective chart review was performed to study patients up to 18 years of age at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore who underwent drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections with the use of LAMS. The main outcome measures were technical and clinical success and associated adverse events with LAMS placement.
Seven patients (2 girls) ranging from 9 to 18 years were identified. Four patients had perirectal abscess postperforated appendicitis and 3 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. All of the patients had complete resolution of the collections, with no recurrence, and our technical and clinical success rate was 100%. Only 1 patient had mild bleeding after placement that spontaneously resolved.
Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the use of LAMS for the drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections in pediatric patients, although the number of patients included is limited.
Environmental metabolomics provides insight into how anthropogenic activities have an impact on the health of an organism at the molecular level. Within this field, in vivo NMR stands out as a ...powerful tool for monitoring real-time changes in an organism's metabolome. Typically, these studies use 2D
C-
H experiments on
C-enriched organisms. Daphnia are the most studied species, given their widespread use in toxicity testing. However, with COVID-19 and other geopolitical factors, the cost of isotope enrichment increased ~6-7 fold over the last two years, making
C-enriched cultures difficult to maintain. Thus, it is essential to revisit proton-only in vivo NMR and ask, "Can any metabolic information be obtained from Daphnia using proton-only experiments?". Two samples are considered here: living and whole reswollen organisms. A range of filters are tested, including relaxation, lipid suppression, multiple-quantum, J-coupling suppression, 2D
H-
H experiments, selective experiments, and those exploiting intermolecular single-quantum coherence. While most filters improve the ex vivo spectra, only the most complex filters succeed in vivo. If non-enriched organisms must be used, then, DREAMTIME is recommended for targeted monitoring, while IP-iSQC was the only experiment that allowed non-targeted metabolite identification in vivo. This paper is critically important as it documents not just the experiments that succeed in vivo but also those that fail and demonstrates first-hand the difficulties associated with proton-only in vivo NMR.
Addressing the ongoing calls to reform teacher education to prepare future teachers to serve students from diverse backgrounds, this introduction reviews recent developments in teacher education to ...situate our thematic issue on critical teacher education for equitable learning in multilingual classrooms. The five empirical papers and two commentaries included in this issue focus on the connection between language, power, and critical consciousness to address equity concerns in teacher education as it pertains to supporting multilingual learners, asking: how do teacher education programs prepare teachers to work with diverse students in schools where there exists a long-standing history of marginalization and discrimination based on racial, economic, social backgrounds? In this introductory paper, we discuss the contributions of the papers included in the issue and share a vision for new ways for reimagining teacher education for multilingual learners.
English language teaching (ELT) at the tertiary educational level provides a conducive setting for developing intercultural citizens who often engage in the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF). ...In singling out the significance of historicizing key incidents and social inequalities that might occur in ELT classrooms, the goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of (i) sensitizing students to the symbolic power (Kramsch 2020) of language, and (ii) understanding the complex identity work (De Costa 2016b) that often takes place in ELF interactions. Crucially, these two aspects need to be carefully considered when designing intercultural citizenship instruction.
On June 7, 2021, The New York Times (NYT) reported the discovery of the remains of 215 Indigenous children on the grounds of a former residential school in British Columbia, Canada (Austen, 2021). ...News of this mass murder and its subsequent cover up rocked the world and came at a time when Canada and many other countries have mounted reconciliation efforts as they attempt to come to terms with a brutal past involving Indigenous populations. The residential school context described in the NYT story is representative of residential school educational arrangements in the last century that saw children from numerous First Nations forcibly removed from their homes and forbidden to speak their languages for generations (McIvor, 2020). By detaching these children from language, culture, and place, state- and church-sponsored schooling sought to train Indigenous students for subservience. Sadly, these cruel efforts inflicted unimaginable harm--both epistemological and emotional--upon these children (McCarty et al., this issue). Such abuse was not uncommon. The goal of the author for this commentary is to highlight how Indigenous people have been forcibly removed from their land, displaced, and subsequently had their rights revoked and identities rejected (McKinley & Smith, 2019). That their lives are inextricably intertwined with the land is further underscored by Chiblow and Meighan (2021, in press).
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