Inflammation theory has suggested that the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI) involves the steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3). Therefore, we investigated the role of SRC-3 in the muscles ...of the small intestine using a mouse POI model. Here, we reported that intestinal manipulation (IM) significantly reduced the extent of phenol red migration in the entire gastrointestinal tract, and the calculated geometric center (GC) value in wild-type (WT) mice at 24 h after surgery was higher than that in the knockout (KO) mice and in the sham-operated control group. The expression of SRC-3 was upregulated in the mouse intestinal muscularis at 24 h after surgical manipulation, and the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines were upregulated compared with those in the control group. At 24 h after IM, the number of neutrophils in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group; in the IM group, the number of neutrophils in the
SRC-3
-/-
mice was markedly higher than that in the WT mice. At 24 h after IM, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. In the IM group, the MPO activity of the
SRC-3
-/-
mice was markedly higher than that of the WT mice. In summary, proinflammatory cytokines, the number of neutrophils, and the MPO activity were significantly increased in the muscularis of the jejunum and ileum of KO mice after IM compared with those of the WT mice, indicating that SRC-3 might play a protective role in POI.
Acid fracturing treatment is the key technique for stimulation and stable production in carbonate reservoirs. In order to improve the carbonate reservoirs acid fracturing effect, in this paper, with ...a large number of experiments as the main research methods, study on influencing factors of acid-fracturing effect for carbonate reservoirs from increase the effective distance of living acid, increase acid corrosion eched fracture conductivity, reduce the acid fluid loss, etc. The effective distances of live acid calculated with reacted acid limitations measured in different acid systems are quite different from those calculated according to previous standard. Fracture conductivity is one of the key parameters that affects acid fracturing effects, but it's difficult to be predicted accurately due to the strong randomness of acid-rock reaction as well as various influence factors. Analyses of the impacts on fracture conductivity resulted from the rock embedment intensity, closure stress, acid dosage, rock-acid contact time, acid fluid loss, acid pumping rate through self-developed small-core fracture capacity test instrument. Fluid loss during acid fracture can be well controlled by thickened liquid as well as solid particles, but formation damage occurs inevitably. Foamed acid is a specific fluid with high viscosity, low fluid loss, small friction resistance, good retarding property, strong fracture making ability, easy flowback and low damage, which is an ideal acid system for low pressure and low permeability carbonate reservoirs. In this paper, the theoretical study on percolation mechanism and fluid-loss control mechanism of foam (acid) in porous medium are presented with the help of visual microscopic model fluid drive unit.
BACKGROUNDAstrocytes have been demonstrated to undergo conversion into functional neurons, presenting a promising approach for stroke treatment. However, the development of small molecules capable of ...effectively inducing this cellular reprogramming remains a critical challenge.METHODSInitially, we introduced a glial cell marker gene, GFaABC1D, as the promoter within an adeno-associated virus vector overexpressing miR-124 into the motor cortex of an ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. Additionally, we administered NeuroD1 as a positive control. Lentiviral vectors overexpressing miR-124 were constructed and transfected into primary rat astrocytes. We assessed the cellular distribution of GFAP, DCX, and NeuN on days 7, 14, and 28, respectively.RESULTSIn rats with ischemic stroke, miR-124-transduced glial cells exhibited positive staining for the immature neuron marker doublecortin (DCX) and the mature neuron marker NeuN after 4 weeks. In contrast, NeuroD1-overexpressing model rats only expressed NeuN, and the positive percentage was higher in co-transfection with miR-124 and NeuroD1. Overexpression of miR-124 effectively ameliorated neurological deficits and motor functional impairment in the model rats. In primary rat astrocytes transduced with miR-124, DCX was not observed after 7 days of transfection, but it appeared at 14 days, with the percentage further increasing to 44.6% at 28 days. Simultaneously, 15.1% of miR-124-transduced cells exhibited NeuN positivity, which was not detected at 7 and 14 days. In vitro, double fluorescence assays revealed that miR-124 targeted Dll4, and in vivo experiments confirmed that miR-124 inhibited the expression of Notch1 and DLL4.CONCLUSIONSThe overexpression of miR-124 in astrocytes demonstrates significant potential for improving neurological deficits following ischemic stroke by inhibiting DLL4 expression, and it may facilitate astrocyte-to-neuronal transformation.
In order to improve the mechanical properties of silicon carbide composite materials based on magnesium, Zr, Al, and Zn are frequently utilized as alloying elements. The mechanical properties of the ...composite material are closely related to the interface bonding strength. Theoretical calculations on the impact of adding components on the strength of the interface bonding are currently not thorough enough. In this work, the first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the impact of doping Zr, Al, and Zn elements in the Mg matrix on the interface bonding of 6 H-SiC/Mg and the effect of alloy elements on the interface stability and electronic structure in composite interfaces. The results showed that Al and Zn elements may segregate from the interface in the form of a second phase, whereas Zr elements are difficult to segregate from the Mg/SiC composite interface. Zr tends to increase the stability of the Mg/SiC composite interface over the full range of ∆μSi, whereas Al and Zn tend to weaken it. In addition, the stability order of the doped interface is Zr>Al>Zn. The electronic structure of the doping interface shows that the bonding at the interface is both ionic and covalent. The segregation behavior of doped elements at the interface and the variation in covalent bonding strengths between interfaces are the primary variables impacting interface bonding. The internal cleavage layer of the composite material's adhesion work can be examined to reveal that the composite interface is not the material's probable fracture failure point.
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•Segregation occurs at composite interfaces doped with Al or Zn rather than composite interfaces doped with Zr.•Doping interfaces possesses both ionic and covalent bonding capabilities.•The failure point of Mg/6H-SiC composite materials generally occur inside the magnesium layers.
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•High WF CuS was in situ fabricated by a facile solvothermal method.•CuS was firstly introduced to modify the ITO anodes for PSCs.•PSCs with CuS-modified ITO anodes presented superior ...PCE and stability.•We provide an easy and useful method to produce high WF anodes for efficient PSCs.
In this paper, a thin layer of high work function CuS was introduced to the interface between the anode and hole transporting layer (HTL) to modify the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. Modified ITO substrates possess a higher work function, a lower sheet resistance and a negligible loss in transparency. More importantly, a thin layer of CuS can also benefit for the hole transporting of the device. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) utilizing modified ITO anodes exhibit a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and air stability compared to devices with normal ITO anodes. This anode modification strategy applies to different active layer systems. Anode-modified devices with poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as the active layer exhibit a PCE of 3.5%, while poly(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophene-2-yl)-benzol,2-b:4,5-b′ dithiophene-alt-alkylcarbonyl-thieno3,4-bthiophene) (PBDTTT-C-T) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) system shows a PCE of 7.4%. As a result, this work provides a good compatibility for modification of ITO by a thin layer of CuS in PSCs to achieve better performance.
How to effectively develop tight-gas carbonate reservoir and achieve high recovery is always a problem for the oil and gas industry. To solve this problem, domestic petroleum engineers use the ...combination of the successful experiences of North American shale gas pools development by stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) fracturing with the research achievements of Chinese tight gas development by acid fracturing to propose volume acid fracturing technology for fractured tight-gas carbonate reservoir, which has achieved a good stimulation effect in the pilot tests. To determine what reservoir conditions are suitable to carry out volume acid fracturing, this paper firstly introduces volume acid fracturing technology by giving the stimulation mechanism and technical ideas, and initially analyzes the feasibility by the comparison of reservoir characteristics of shale gas with tight-gas carbonate. Then, this paper analyzes the validity and limitation of the volume acid fracturing technology via the analyses of control conditions for volume acid fracturing in reservoir fracturing performance, natural fracture, horizontal principal stress difference, orientation of in-situ stress and natural fracture, and gives the solution for the limitation. The study results show that the volume acid fracturing process can be used to greatly improve the flow environment of tight-gas carbonate reservoir and increase production; the incremental or stimulation response is closely related with reservoir fracturing performance, the degree of development of natural fracture, the small intersection angle between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture, the large horizontal principal stress difference is easy to form a narrow fracture zone, and it is disadvantageous to create fracture network, but the degradable fiber diversion technology may largely weaken the disadvantage. The practices indicate that the application of volume acid fracturing process to the tight-gas carbonate reservoir development is feasible in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of lower Paleozoic, which is of great significance and practical value for domestic tight-gas carbonate reservoir development and studies in the future.
In recent years, shale oil and gas development has been thriving in China. However, the shale oil and gas production always suffers a rapid decline. Based on the analysis of a large amount of former ...theories and experiences, a summary of acid treatment stimulation methods in shale oil and gas is presented, and the acid stimulation mechanism is analyzed. The mainstream technique in acid treatments includes: acid wash, matrix acidizing, prop fracturing with acid preflush, and multi-stage alternate-inject acid fracturing. The main stimulation mechanism of acid treatment can be summarized into 3 categories: a) the influence on shale matrix, namely the acid-induced increase of porosity and permeability, and reduce of wetting property of shale; b) the influence on rock mechanical properties, namely shale brittleness and toughness, and even Young Modulus to some degree; c) the influence on fractures' conductivity, caused by the fact that acid dissolves calcite-enrichment area in priority, and then increases roughness on fracture surface. In room temperature and atmospheric pressure, acid reduces fractures' conductivity, while in pressurized condition, the acid-soaked fractures' conductivity is higher than the conductivity of non-acid-soaked fractures. These knowledges would provide useful reference for furthering stimulation techniques and processes in shale oil and gas development.
Efficient planar antimony sulfide (Sb
2
S
3
) heterojunction solar cells have been made using chemical bath deposited (CBD) Sb
2
S
3
as the absorber, low-temperature solution-processed tin oxide (SnO
...2
) as the electron conductor and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the hole conductor. A solar conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained at 1 sun illumination using a planar device consisting of F-doped SnO
2
substrate/SnO
2
/CBD-Sb
2
S
3
/P3HT/Au, whereas the solar cells based on a titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) electron conductor exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. Compared with conventional Sb
2
S
3
sensitized solar cells, the high-temperature processed mesoscopic TiO
2
scaffold is no longer needed. More importantly, a low-temperature solution-processed SnO
2
layer was introduced for electron transportation to substitute the high-temperature sintered dense blocking TiO
2
layer. Our planar solar cells not only have simple geometry with fewer steps to fabricate but also show enhanced performance. The higher efficiency of planar Sb
2
S
3
solar cell devices based on a SnO
2
electron conductor is attributed to their high transparency, uniform surface, efficient electron transport properties of SnO
2
, suitable energy band alignment, and reduced recombination at the interface of SnO
2
/Sb
2
S
3
.
We reported efficient planar Sb
2
S
3
solar cells based on a low-temperature solution-processed SnO
2
electron conductor.
Efficient planar antimony sulfide (Sb sub(2)S sub(3)) heterojunction solar cells have been made using chemical bath deposited (CBD) Sb sub(2)S sub(3) as the absorber, low-temperature ...solution-processed tin oxide (SnO sub(2)) as the electron conductor and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the hole conductor. A solar conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained at 1 sun illumination using a planar device consisting of F-doped SnO sub(2) substrate/SnO sub(2)/CBD-Sb sub(2)S sub(3)/P3HT/Au, whereas the solar cells based on a titanium dioxide (TiO sub(2)) electron conductor exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. Compared with conventional Sb sub(2)S sub(3) sensitized solar cells, the high-temperature processed mesoscopic TiO sub(2) scaffold is no longer needed. More importantly, a low-temperature solution-processed SnO sub(2) layer was introduced for electron transportation to substitute the high-temperature sintered dense blocking TiO sub(2) layer. Our planar solar cells not only have simple geometry with fewer steps to fabricate but also show enhanced performance. The higher efficiency of planar Sb sub(2)S sub(3) solar cell devices based on a SnO sub(2) electron conductor is attributed to their high transparency, uniform surface, efficient electron transport properties of SnO sub(2), suitable energy band alignment, and reduced recombination at the interface of SnO sub(2)/Sb sub(2)S sub(3 ).
Efficient planar antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) heterojunction solar cells have been made using chemical bath deposited (CBD) Sb 2 S 3 as the absorber, low-temperature solution-processed tin oxide (SnO ...2 ) as the electron conductor and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the hole conductor. A solar conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained at 1 sun illumination using a planar device consisting of F-doped SnO 2 substrate/SnO 2 /CBD-Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Au, whereas the solar cells based on a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) electron conductor exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. Compared with conventional Sb 2 S 3 sensitized solar cells, the high-temperature processed mesoscopic TiO 2 scaffold is no longer needed. More importantly, a low-temperature solution-processed SnO 2 layer was introduced for electron transportation to substitute the high-temperature sintered dense blocking TiO 2 layer. Our planar solar cells not only have simple geometry with fewer steps to fabricate but also show enhanced performance. The higher efficiency of planar Sb 2 S 3 solar cell devices based on a SnO 2 electron conductor is attributed to their high transparency, uniform surface, efficient electron transport properties of SnO 2 , suitable energy band alignment, and reduced recombination at the interface of SnO 2 /Sb 2 S 3 .
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