Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Among them, cellular accumulation of AGEs contributes to vascular complications in diabetes. Besides ...using drugs to lower blood sugar, a balanced diet and the intake of herbal products potentially limiting AGE formation could be considered beneficial for patients' health. The current paper presents a simple and cheap high-throughput screening (HTS) assay based on AGE fluorescence and suitable for plant extract screening. We have already implemented an HTS assay based on vesperlysines-like fluorescing AGEs quickly (24 h) formed from BSA and ribose under physiological conditions. However, interference was noted when fluorescent compounds and/or complex mixtures were tested. To overcome these problems and apply this HTS assay to plant extracts, we developed a technique for systematic quantification of both vesperlysines (λ(exc) 370 nm; λ(em) 440 nm) and pentosidine-like (λ(exc) 335 nm; λ(em) 385 nm) AGEs. In a batch of medicinal and food plant extracts, hits were selected as soon as fluorescence decreased under a fixed threshold for at least one wavelength. Hits revealed during this study appeared to contain well-known and powerful anti-AGE substances, thus demonstrating the suitability of this assay for screening crude extracts (0.1 mg/mL). Finally, quercetin was found to be a more powerful reference compound than aminoguanidine in such assay.
Through dereplication analysis, seven known Mammea coumarins were identified in a fraction obtained from Mammea neurophylla dichloromethane bark extract selected for its ability to prevent advanced ...glycation end-product (AGE) formation. Among them, a careful examination of the NMR dataset of pedilanthocoumarin B led to a structural revision. Inspection of LC-DAD-MS(n) chromatograms allowed us to predict the presence of four new compounds, which were further isolated. Using spectroscopic methods (¹H-, (13)C- and 2D-NMR, HRMS, UV), these compounds were identified as new benzoyl substituted 4-phenylcoumarins (iso-pedilanthocoumarin B and neurophyllol C) and 4-(1-acetoxypropyl)coumarins cyclo F (ochrocarpins H and I).
The study describes bioactive compounds as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), from the stem bark extract of Montrouziera cauliflora, selected among 19 dichloromethane extracts from Clusiaceae ...species. Our work focused on the development of an original normal phase HPLC microfractionation strategy to rapidly assess highly active zones from this crude active non-polar plant extract. Two different microfraction collection methods were evaluated for the assessment of the AChE inhibition. Two guttiferones and a tocotrienol were directly isolated among five compounds identified off-line by NMR after upscaling the fractionation and their AChE inhibition was evaluated. The strengths and weaknesses of the two microfractionation collection methods for HPLC-AChE activity-based profiling are discussed.
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are associated with many pathogenic disorders such as pathogenesis of diabetes or endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular events. Therefore, the ...identification of new anti-AGE molecules or extracts aims at preventing such pathologies. Many Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae species are used in traditional medicines to treat arterial hypertension as well as diabetes. Focusing on these plant families, an anti-AGE plant screening allowed us to select Mammea neurophylla for further phytochemical and biological studies. Indeed, both DCM and MeOH stem bark extracts demonstrated in vitro their ability to prevent inflammation in endothelial cells and to reduce vasoconstriction. A bioguided fractionation of these extracts allowed us to point out 4-phenyl- and 4-(1-acetoxypropyl)coumarins and procyanidins as potent inhibitors of AGE formation, potentially preventing endothelial dysfunction. The fractionation steps also led to the isolation of two new compounds, namely neurophyllols A and B from the DCM bark extract together with thirteen known mammea A and E coumarins (mammea A/AA, mammea A/AB, mammea A/BA, mammea A/BB, mammea A/AA cycloD, mammea A/AB cycloD, disparinol B, mammea A/AB cycloE, ochrocarpin A, mammea A/AA cycloF, mammea A/AB cycloF, mammea E/BA, mammea E/BB) as well as δ-tocotrienol, xanthones (1-hydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone, 2-hydroxyxanthone) and triterpenes (friedelin and betulinic acid). During this study, R,S-asperphenamate, previously described from fungal origin was also purified.
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•A small database was acquired from 11 4-phenylcoumarins using LC-DAD–MSn analysis.•24 known mammea coumarins were dereplicated from Mammea neurophylla DCM extracts.•The structure of 4 unreported ...mammea coumarins could be predicted.•2 new mammea coumarins were confirmed after purification and NMR analyses.
Mammea coumarins are isoprenylated 4-alkyl or 4-phenylcoumarins. Their distribution is limited to 3 Clusiaceae/Calophyllaceae genera. We recently reported on their presence in Mammea neurophylla bark extracts, where they exhibited anti-AGE properties associated with a prevention of the endothelial dysfunction. About 120 mammea coumarins were already described so, in order to focus further phytochemical analysis on original or bio-active compounds, we developed a methodology to facilitate the detection and identification of compounds of interest. Our aim was to develop a LC-DAD–ESI-MSn method for rapid, sensitive and simple analysis of the mammea coumarins in calophyllaceous/clusiaceous species. For that, full LC-DAD–MSn data were acquired from 11 4-phenylcoumarins previously isolated in our laboratory. Bark, leaves and fruits of M. neurophylla were then extracted with DCM using an ASE apparatus. Extracts were finally analyzed through LC-DAD–HRMSn and UV and MS profiles were compared to our database as well as literature data. Detected new compounds were isolated and their structures elucidated through 1H, 13C and 2D NMR analysis. Finally, 24 known mammea coumarins were dereplicated from bark, leaf and fruit DCM extracts of M. neurophylla and the structure of 4 unreported compounds could be predicted. In particular, the structures of mammea A/AA 9-hydroxyCycloF and mammea A/AB 9-hydroxyCycloF were confirmed after purification and extensive NMR analyses. By comparison of UV and mass fragmentation data from a small library of reference compounds, LC-DAD–HRMSn analysis of mammea coumarins in crude extracts allows the structure prediction of novel or bio-active compounds. This useful guiding-tool could be easily applied to other Clusiaceae/Calophyllaceae phytochemical analysis.
4-phenyl and 4-propylcoumarins display a wide variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, antiparasitical activities against Leishmania or Plasmodium as ...well as antibacterial, antiviral (HIV) and cytotoxic activities. Using LC-PDA-MS
n
we have developed a specific protocol allowing the simultaneous and qualitative detection of 4-phenyl and 4-propylcoumarins in DCM bark, fruit and leaf extracts obtained from Mammea neurophylla. By comparison of their retention times, MS and UV data with that of authentic samples, nine, seven and five 4-phenylcoumarins could be directly identified in bark, leaf and fruit extracts respectively. On the other hand, interlocking UV spectra and ESI-MS
n
data analysis allowed us to deduce plausible structures of five, eight and four other coumarins in bark, leaf and fruit respectively by comparison with their reported spectral data. During this study new Mammea A/AA 9-hydroxy-cyclo F and Mammea A/AB 9-hydroxy-cyclo F were identified. We believe that this protocol will be useful in case of dereplicative studies of Mammea and related species.
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•The Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst was fabricated using a template-free synthesis.•The coherency of the 1D-bimetallic Pt-Co nanowires and the non-carbon Ti0.7W0.3O2 support.•Robust ...Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst showed great performance both MOR and EOR.•The Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst exhibited superior CO-tolerance and stability.
Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) use liquid and renewable fuels that have been sparked significant interest in a variety of applications; however, the poor catalytic performance of the state-of-the-art Pt nanoparticles (NPs) over carbon support is a major challenge for further DAFC utilization. Herein, the 1D-bimetallic Pt3Co nanowires with a diameter of ~4 nm and the lengths of up to several tens nanometers were grown firstly on the non-carbon Ti0.7W0.3O2 nanoparticles via a template- and surfactant-free chemical reduction preparation at room temperature. Electrochemical results indicated that the bimetallic Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst was an effective electrocatalyst toward alcohol (methanol, ethanol) electrochemical oxidation. For instance, the bimetallic Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst exhibited high mass activity (MOR of ~393.29 mAmgPt-1and EOR of ~341.76 mAmgPt-1), low onset potential (~0.01 V vs. NHE for MOR and ~0.20 V vs. NHE for EOR) and superior CO-tolerance (If/Ib value for MOR of ~3.11 and EOR of ~1.54) in comparison with the conventional carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst. Additionally, the mass activity loss of the Ti0.7W0.3O2-supported Pt3Co (NWs) catalyst was ~10.68% of the initial mass activity, which ~4.18-time lower than that of the carbon-supported Pt (NPs) catalyst (~44.66% of the initial mass activity) after 5000 cycles test, indicating the superior stability retention of the as-obtained Pt3Co NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst. These enhancements were attributable to the combination of the advantageous 1D nanostructures with the internal effect of the Pt3Co nanowires, the synergistic effect between Pt-M alloy and TiO2-based nanomaterials and the superior anti-corrosion possibility of the non-carbon support.
Approaching a child with dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing, doctors must consider a foreign body in the respiratory tract, and bronchoscopy should be performed. This report described a child having ...sunflower seed aspiration late‐ and misdiagnosed as pneumonia. He failed with antibiotics therapy. The patient underwent a bronchoscopy, and then the seed was found and entirely removed.
If a child has dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing, it is important to evaluate the possibility of foreign body aspiration, such as sunflower seed. If a foreign agent is present, bronchoscopy is an effective method for removing foreign objects.
The speed of urbanization—industrialization in Vietnam is increasing, which helps to boost the economy and at the same time create great environmental pressure. Industrial wastewater from production ...processes is always abundant and discharged continuously every day with diverse pollution components. Wastewater treatment of by simple and low-cost methods has been concerned. In this study, constructed wetland (CW) model using the
Brachiaria mutica
has been researched to evaluate the performance of Horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CW in treating industrial effluents. The model built with dimensions is 1.2 m × 0.4 m × 0.6 m and operated under 4 research organic load rates respectively 40; 60; 80; 100 kgCOD/ha.day. Average treatment efficiency of pollution parameters through study is COD 93.86%, T–N 97.46%, T–P 91.12%, TSS 83.07%, BOD
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97.72%. The output concentration values of the pollution parameters are smaller than the allowable values in column A QCVN 40: 2011/ BTNMT. The results of this study will be the premise to find solutions for industrial wastewater treatment with easy to operate and environmentally friendly. The process of industrial wastewater treatment using CW planning
B. mutica
is simple and efficient. The success of this work is possible to expand research on wastewater treatment capacity of CW planning
B. mutica
with different kinds of wastewater such as domestic wastewater, livestock wastewater, medical wastewater.
Graphic Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of domestic wastewater treatment on the horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) using
Brachiaria mutica
vegetation. We used two wetland ...models: one with plants and the other without plants. These models were built according to the following dimensions (L × W × H = 1.2 × 0.4 × 0.8 m) and operated at four organic loads (30, 60, 90, 120 kg COD/ha.day) for 3 months. Parameters including pH, COD, BOD
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, TSS, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total coliforms were analyzed. The levels of pollutants in domestic wastewater after treatment were significantly reduced. The values of percentage removal (%) were as follows: COD 81.58%, BOD
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93.3%, TSS 67.2%, TN 58.6%, TP 85.5%, and total coliforms 90.4%. Our results also indicate that the organic loading rate (OLR) ranging between 60 and 120 kg COD/ha.day is suitable to be implemented in the actual domestic wastewater treatment.
Graphic Abstract
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